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Effects of Short Video Addiction on the Motivation and Well-Being of Chinese Vocational College Students
Open accessAbstract
While media use can be beneficial in some ways, excessive use of media has led to growing concerns about its potential negative consequences. With the popularity of Chinese video applications (apps) such as DouYin, TikTok, Kwai, and other short video apps sweeping through schools around the world. Due to the diversity and immersion principle of short videos, their popularity continues to grow, and the phenomenon of students being addicted to short videos also brings many hidden dangers to the learning effect. Among other things, the problem of excessive use of the Internet among Chinese youth has led the government to propose a series of control policies to strengthen the monitoring of harmful habits of youth in the use of online applications. In addition, the problem of youth addiction to short videos has become a major concern for education experts and the general public, thus demonstrating that short video addiction is indeed an ongoing research issue. Therefore, this study aimed to understand the causes of short-form video addiction and its impact on the psychology of learning, and to investigate the relationship between short-form video flow experience, short-form video addiction, intrinsic and extrinsic learning motivation, and learning well-being from the perspectives of flow experience theory and micro ecological systems. The questionnaire was sent via instant messaging software such as QQ and WeChat, and university students from vocational colleges in China were invited to complete the questionnaire. A total of 517 valid data were collected, including 222 (42.9%) were male students and 295 (57.1%) were female students. The collected questionnaires were analyzed for reliability and validity after removing incomplete data, followed by structural equation modeling for model verification. The findings showed that: (1) short video flow experience had a positive effect on short video addiction; (2) short video addiction had a negative effect on intrinsic and extrinsic learning motivation; (3) intrinsic and extrinsic learning motivation had a positive effect on learning well-being; (4) short video flow experience had an indirect negative effect on intrinsic and extrinsic learning motivation; (5) short video flow and short video addiction had indirect negative effects on learning well-being. According to the results, it is clear that addiction to short videos has a negative impact on learners' learning motivation and positive psychology of learning, so parents and teachers should effectively guide students to use short video apps in a self-controlled way.
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TL;DR
This study tested a flow-experience and micro-ecological model among Chinese vocational college students and found that short-video flow positively predicted short-video addiction, which in turn negatively predicted intrinsic and extrinsic learning motivation and indirectly lowered learning well-being. The authors conclude that short-video addiction harms learning motivation and positive learning psychology, recommending that parents and teachers guide self-controlled short-video use.
Key findings
- Short video flow had a positive effect on short video addiction (β = 0.77*, t = 15.57), explaining 59% of the variance (f² = 1.44).
- Short video addiction had negative effects on intrinsic learning motivation (β = −0.49*, t = −10.46) and extrinsic learning motivation (β = −0.47*, t = −9.89), with explanatory power of 24% (f² = 0.32) and 22% (f² = 0.28), respectively.
- Intrinsic learning motivation (β = 0.57*, t = 8.42) and extrinsic learning motivation (β = 0.24*, t = 3.63) had positive effects on learning well-being; together they explained 45% of the variance (f² = 0.82).
- Indirect effects were negative: short video flow → intrinsic learning motivation (β = −0.38), short video flow → extrinsic learning motivation (β = −0.36), short video flow → learning well-being (β = −0.30), and short video addiction → learning well-being (β = −0.40); all 95% CIs did not cross 0.
Methods
- Cross-sectional questionnaire study using snowball sampling via QQ and WeChat among vocational college students in China. Of 600 questionnaires collected, 83 invalid responses were removed, yielding 517 valid questionnaires (86.2% valid recovery rate): 222 male (42.9%) and 295 female (57.1%); mean age 19.19 years (SD = 1.12).
- Viewing frequency: 56 (10.8%) watched short videos 1–3 days/week, 130 (25.1%) 4–6 days/week, and 331 (64%) every day; daily viewing was <1 h for 61 (11.8%), 1–3 h for 266 (51.4%), and >3 h for 190 (36.8%).
- Measures were adapted from prior scales and rated on a 5-point Likert scale: short video flow (8 items), short video addiction (8 items), intrinsic and extrinsic learning motivation (6 items each), and learning well-being (10 items). After first-order CFA, items were reduced to 6, 6, 5, 5, and 7, respectively. Analysis used SPSS 23.0 for descriptives and reliability/validity, AMOS 20.0 for CFA and structural equation modeling, and Bootstrapping for indirect effects. Reliability was α/CR = 0.93–0.96; AVE = 0.68–0.84; model fit: χ² = 1,314.1, df = 372, χ²/df = 3.53, RMSEA = 0.07, GFI = 0.87, AGFI = 0.85, CFI = 0.94.
Limitations
- The paper states it could not confirm whether perceived learning well-being differs by age within the same educational system, and recommends future comparisons across elementary, junior high, high school, and university students.
- The paper states it could not deeply understand the meaning and value of short videos to students with addictive tendencies or why addictive behavior affects their learning; it recommends qualitative research and future demographic analyses by gender, school, city, financial income, personal identities, skills, and personality.
- Evident from the text: the cross-sectional, self-report design limits causal inference, and the authors note possible self-report/social-norm bias in the low mean levels of short video flow and addiction, though they argue the path relationships remain valid.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“short video addiction had a negative effect on extrinsic learning motivation (β = −0.47***; t = −9.89)”
§ Effects of Short Video Addiction on the Motivation and Well-Being of Chinese Vocational College Students > Results > Path Analysis
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“short video addiction had a negative effect on intrinsic learning motivation (β = −0.49***; t = −10.46)”
§ Effects of Short Video Addiction on the Motivation and Well-Being of Chinese Vocational College Students > Results > Path Analysis
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“short video flow had a positive effect on short video addiction (β = 0.77***; t = 15.57)”
§ Effects of Short Video Addiction on the Motivation and Well-Being of Chinese Vocational College Students > Results > Path Analysis
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“intrinsic learning motivation had a positive effect on learning well-being (β = 0.57***; t = 8.42)”
§ Effects of Short Video Addiction on the Motivation and Well-Being of Chinese Vocational College Students > Results > Path Analysis
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“the explanatory power of short video addiction on extrinsic learning motivation was 22% with an f2 of 0.28”
§ Effects of Short Video Addiction on the Motivation and Well-Being of Chinese Vocational College Students > Results > Path Analysis
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“(5) short video flow and short video addiction had indirect negative effects on learning well-being.”
§ Effects of Short Video Addiction on the Motivation and Well-Being of Chinese Vocational College Students > Abstract
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“(5) short video flow and short video addiction had indirect negative effects on learning well-being.”
§ Effects of Short Video Addiction on the Motivation and Well-Being of Chinese Vocational College Students > Abstract
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“(4) short video flow experience had an indirect negative effect on intrinsic and extrinsic learning motivation;”
§ Effects of Short Video Addiction on the Motivation and Well-Being of Chinese Vocational College Students > Abstract
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“the explanatory power of intrinsic and extrinsic learning motivation on learning well-being was 45% with an f2 of 0.82”
§ Effects of Short Video Addiction on the Motivation and Well-Being of Chinese Vocational College Students > Results > Path Analysis
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“the explanatory power of short-video addiction for intrinsic learning motivation was 24% with an f2 of 0.32”
§ Effects of Short Video Addiction on the Motivation and Well-Being of Chinese Vocational College Students > Results > Path Analysis
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes
- It may state two separate claims as one. 23
- Probably not a substantial claim. 44
- The quote only partly states this claim. 1
In the paper
“most of the video content will attract users' attention within seconds and make them keep watching (7)”
§ Effects of Short Video Addiction on the Motivation and Well-Being of Chinese Vocational College Students > Introduction
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [7] Zhang, 2019, Exploring short-form video application addiction: socio-technical and attachment perspectives, Telematics Inform. source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Several studies have implied that flow experience is related to media addiction (e.g., online addiction, Internet addiction, video addiction) (17, 18).”
§ Effects of Short Video Addiction on the Motivation and Well-Being of Chinese Vocational College Students > Research Model and Hypotheses > Research Hypotheses
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [17] Hernández, 2019, Depressed and swiping my problems for later: the moderation effect between procrastination and depressive symptomatology on internet addiction, Comput Human Behav. source
- Not checked yetcites [18] Liang, 2016, Gender differences in the relationship between internet addiction and depression: a cross-lagged study in Chinese adolescents, Comput Human Behav.. source
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim.
In the paper
“Chen et al. (6) study found that psychological distress was associated with the degree of Internet use.”
§ Effects of Short Video Addiction on the Motivation and Well-Being of Chinese Vocational College Students > Introduction
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [6] Chen, 2021, Problematic internet-related behaviors mediate the associations between levels of internet engagement and distress among schoolchildren during COVID-19 lockdown: a longitudinal structural equation modeling study, J Behav Addict. source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“One study has suggested that motivation is a main factor of how much information students absorb from the learning materials presented to them or how much they learn in a learning activity (27).”
§ Effects of Short Video Addiction on the Motivation and Well-Being of Chinese Vocational College Students > Research Model and Hypotheses > Research Hypotheses
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [27] Rehman, 2020, Linking burnout to psychological well-being: the mediating role of social support and learning motivation, Psychol Res Behav Manag. source
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Several studies have shown that addiction can have a negative effect on emotional reactions, mood, and psychological problems (22, 23).”
§ Effects of Short Video Addiction on the Motivation and Well-Being of Chinese Vocational College Students > Research Model and Hypotheses > Research Hypotheses
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [22] Błachnio, 2017, The role of personality traits in Facebook and Internet addictions: a study on Polish, Turkish, Ukrainian samples, Comput Human Behav. source
- Not checked yetcites [23] Tang, 2016, Personality traits, interpersonal relationships, online social support, Facebook addiction, Telematics Inform. source
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“which also causes users to become silently immersed, and can gradually create addictive behaviors.”
§ Effects of Short Video Addiction on the Motivation and Well-Being of Chinese Vocational College Students > Introduction
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [7] Zhang, 2019, Exploring short-form video application addiction: socio-technical and attachment perspectives, Telematics Inform. source
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Therefore, students with good learning motivation will potentially have better learning processes and results when they do not have other things on their mind (24) such as short videos.”
§ Effects of Short Video Addiction on the Motivation and Well-Being of Chinese Vocational College Students > Research Model and Hypotheses > Research Hypotheses
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [24] Rahayu, 2021, The relationship of online game addiction with learning motivation in school age children on COVID-19 pandemic, Linguist Cult Rev. source
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:conditional· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Hong et al. (13) further found that PPC can be used to explore the PPC interaction in educational settings, especially in the context of Internet-based addictive behaviors.”
§ Effects of Short Video Addiction on the Motivation and Well-Being of Chinese Vocational College Students > Research Model and Hypotheses > Research Model
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [13] Hong, 2021, Perceived helicopter parenting related to vocational senior high school students' academic achievement and smartphone addiction, J Res Educ Sci. source
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim.
In the paper
“Most recently, it has been found that addiction can cause negative learning motivations in children (24).”
§ Effects of Short Video Addiction on the Motivation and Well-Being of Chinese Vocational College Students > Research Model and Hypotheses > Research Hypotheses
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [24] Rahayu, 2021, The relationship of online game addiction with learning motivation in school age children on COVID-19 pandemic, Linguist Cult Rev. source
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim.
In the paper
“according to which there is a close connection between the individual and the environment.”
§ Effects of Short Video Addiction on the Motivation and Well-Being of Chinese Vocational College Students > Introduction
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [12] Bronfenbrenner, 1979 source
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✗ Checkable: fails✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
In the paper
“Brofenbrenner's (12) micro ecological system was proposed to explore the interaction between person-process-content (PPC)”
§ Effects of Short Video Addiction on the Motivation and Well-Being of Chinese Vocational College Students > Introduction
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [12] Bronfenbrenner, 1979 source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Therefore, the development of motivation is essential for individuals to have the ability to cope with new environments (26).”
§ Effects of Short Video Addiction on the Motivation and Well-Being of Chinese Vocational College Students > Research Model and Hypotheses > Research Hypotheses
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [26] Deci, 2000, The “what” and “why” of goal pursuits: human needs and the self-determination of behavior, Psychol Inq. source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✗ Checkable: fails✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“This means that happiness is not only the disappearance of negative emotions and emotional states, but also the existence of positive emotions and emotional states (10).”
§ Effects of Short Video Addiction on the Motivation and Well-Being of Chinese Vocational College Students > Introduction
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [10] Pérez-Benito, 2019, A happiness degree predictor using the conceptual data structure for deep learning architectures, Comput Methods Programs Biomed. source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✗ Checkable: fails✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Some researchers have argued that addiction can be derived from positively reinforcing psychological processes (7)”
§ Effects of Short Video Addiction on the Motivation and Well-Being of Chinese Vocational College Students > Research Model and Hypotheses > Research Hypotheses
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [7] Zhang, 2019, Exploring short-form video application addiction: socio-technical and attachment perspectives, Telematics Inform. source
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim.
In the paper
“Internet addiction has been found to be widespread worldwide, including in Asian countries, and is associated with a number of negative outcomes and other behavioral addictions (5).”
§ Effects of Short Video Addiction on the Motivation and Well-Being of Chinese Vocational College Students > Research Model and Hypotheses > Research Hypotheses
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [5] Leung, 2020, Measurement invariance across young adults from Hong Kong and Taiwan among three internet-related addiction scales: Bergen social media addiction scale (BSMAS), smartphone application-based addiction scale (SABAS), and internet gaming disorder scale-short form (IGDS-SF9) (study Part A), Addict Behav. source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Informed consent was provided in the survey, so that all participants were aware that they were participating in this study and that the data they provided were presented anonymously.”
§ Effects of Short Video Addiction on the Motivation and Well-Being of Chinese Vocational College Students > Research Method > Procedure
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Teenagers' psychological health is affected by the risk of Internet addiction (1).”
§ Effects of Short Video Addiction on the Motivation and Well-Being of Chinese Vocational College Students > Research Model and Hypotheses > Research Hypotheses
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [1] Cerniglia, 2017, Internet addiction in adolescence: neurobiological, psychosocial and clinical issues, Neurosci Biobehav Rev. source
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim.
In the paper
“Well-being also refers to an individual's quality of life, is an important factor that predicts individuals' natural and social environments (36)”
§ Effects of Short Video Addiction on the Motivation and Well-Being of Chinese Vocational College Students > Research Model and Hypotheses > Research Hypotheses
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [36] Hsu, 2020, How sport tourism event image fit enhances residents' perceptions of place image and their quality of Life, Sustainability. source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✗ Checkable: fails✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“the AVE values ranged from 0.68 to 0.84”
§ Effects of Short Video Addiction on the Motivation and Well-Being of Chinese Vocational College Students > Research Method > Questionnaire
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one. The quote only partly states this claim.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Short video flow was reduced from eight to six items; short video addiction from eight to six; intrinsic learning motivation from six to five; extrinsic learning motivation from six to five; and learning well-being from 10 to 7.”
§ Effects of Short Video Addiction on the Motivation and Well-Being of Chinese Vocational College Students > Results > First-Order Confirmatory Analysis
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Laffan et al. (35), who explored online game participation and players' overall well-being, found a negative and weak relationship between online game flow and overall well-being.”
§ Effects of Short Video Addiction on the Motivation and Well-Being of Chinese Vocational College Students > Research Model and Hypotheses > Research Hypotheses
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [35] Laffan, 2016, The relationships between the structural video game characteristics, video game engagement and happiness among individuals who play video games, Comput Human Behav. source
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim.
In the paper
“and can be affected by behavioral addiction (5).”
§ Effects of Short Video Addiction on the Motivation and Well-Being of Chinese Vocational College Students > Research Model and Hypotheses > Research Hypotheses
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [5] Leung, 2020, Measurement invariance across young adults from Hong Kong and Taiwan among three internet-related addiction scales: Bergen social media addiction scale (BSMAS), smartphone application-based addiction scale (SABAS), and internet gaming disorder scale-short form (IGDS-SF9) (study Part A), Addict Behav. source
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim.
In the paper
“when playing games, addicts present a highly entertaining state where they cannot stop their activities, desire more time to play games, and feel empty, depressed, and irritable when they are not playing, with all the harmful consequences that these symptoms have on the individual's life (34).”
§ Effects of Short Video Addiction on the Motivation and Well-Being of Chinese Vocational College Students > Research Model and Hypotheses > Research Hypotheses
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [34] Griffiths, 2008, Diagnosis and management of video game addiction, N Dir Addict Treat Prev
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“the Cronbach's α value and CR value in this study were between 0.93 and 0.96, which meets the suggested standard”
§ Effects of Short Video Addiction on the Motivation and Well-Being of Chinese Vocational College Students > Research Method > Questionnaire
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Many elements have proven valuable to well-being in youth and adults, while in the field of education, well-being has been conceptualized as both an outcome and a process (31).”
§ Effects of Short Video Addiction on the Motivation and Well-Being of Chinese Vocational College Students > Research Model and Hypotheses > Research Hypotheses
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [31] Shoshani, 2017, Positive education for young children: effects of a positive psychology intervention for preschool children on subjective well being and learning behaviors, Front Psychol. source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“83 invalid questionnaires with incomplete answers or that took <3 min to complete were deleted, resulting in 517 valid questionnaires, with a valid recovery rate of 86.2%.”
§ Effects of Short Video Addiction on the Motivation and Well-Being of Chinese Vocational College Students > Research Method > Participants
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“However, when in flow, people are highly focused and concentrate on what they are doing at a given moment (33).”
- Also stated in: § Discussion · plain
“However, when in flow, people are highly focused and concentrate on what they are doing at a given moment (33).”
§ Effects of Short Video Addiction on the Motivation and Well-Being of Chinese Vocational College Students > Research Model and Hypotheses > Research Hypotheses
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [33] Piniel, 2019, Motivation flow. In: Lamb M., Csizér K., Henry A., Ryan S, editors source
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim.
- Also stated in: § Discussion · plain
In the paper
“However, recent studies have shown that the intensity of online activity is negatively associated with subjective well-being (37).”
§ Effects of Short Video Addiction on the Motivation and Well-Being of Chinese Vocational College Students > Research Model and Hypotheses > Research Hypotheses
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [37] Abi-Jaoude, 2020, Smartphones, social media use and youth mental health, Can Med Assoc J. source
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What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In this study, it was ensured that all processes conducted in the study comprising humans were in accordance with the ethical principles of the American Psychological Association and in compliance with Chinese regulatory requirements.”
§ Effects of Short Video Addiction on the Motivation and Well-Being of Chinese Vocational College Students > Research Method > Procedure
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✗ Based: failsProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“all the questions retained in this study met the criteria suggested by the scholars, where the mean FL values of the configurations ranged from 0.71 to 0.93”
§ Effects of Short Video Addiction on the Motivation and Well-Being of Chinese Vocational College Students > Research Method > Questionnaire
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Past studies have confirmed that addiction may negatively affect users' well-being (7).”
§ Effects of Short Video Addiction on the Motivation and Well-Being of Chinese Vocational College Students > Research Model and Hypotheses > Research Hypotheses
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [7] Zhang, 2019, Exploring short-form video application addiction: socio-technical and attachment perspectives, Telematics Inform. source
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The content of the questionnaire was adapted from past research instruments and associated theories. Three revisions were made for the fluency and comprehensibility of the text description of the item, and the completeness of the connotation of the aspect was reviewed by three educational experts for content validity.”
§ Effects of Short Video Addiction on the Motivation and Well-Being of Chinese Vocational College Students > Research Method > Questionnaire
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“This result is consistent with Kwok et al. (53) that excessive participation in social media may be problematic and may have a negative impact on the physical and mental health of young people.”
§ Effects of Short Video Addiction on the Motivation and Well-Being of Chinese Vocational College Students > Results > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Kwok et al. (53) Kwok, 2021, The effects of internet gaming and social media use on physical activity, sleep, quality of life, and academic performance among university students in Hong Kong: a preliminary study, Asian J Soc Health Behav. source
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:conditional· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Several studies have indicated that motivation is an important factor for students' learning success rate (25)”
§ Effects of Short Video Addiction on the Motivation and Well-Being of Chinese Vocational College Students > Results > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [25] Levpuscek, 2009, Math achievement in early adolescence: the role of parental involvement, teachers' behavior, and students' motivational beliefs about math, J Early Adolesc. source
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Most studies indicated that addiction has more of a negative than a positive effect on emotional reactions, mood, and psychological problems (22, 23).”
§ Effects of Short Video Addiction on the Motivation and Well-Being of Chinese Vocational College Students > Results > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [22] Błachnio, 2017, The role of personality traits in Facebook and Internet addictions: a study on Polish, Turkish, Ukrainian samples, Comput Human Behav. source
- Not checked yetcites [23] Tang, 2016, Personality traits, interpersonal relationships, online social support, Facebook addiction, Telematics Inform. source
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Although there may be biased responses in this study, since this was a correlation study, not a descriptive statistical study, which aimed to investigate the correlation between paths (13), it is evident from the validation results that the hypothetical paths between constructs are still valid.”
§ Effects of Short Video Addiction on the Motivation and Well-Being of Chinese Vocational College Students > Results > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [13] Hong, 2021, Perceived helicopter parenting related to vocational senior high school students' academic achievement and smartphone addiction, J Res Educ Sci. source
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Furthermore, Laffan et al.'s (35) online gaming study; they found a negative and weak relationship between online game flow and overall well-being.”
§ Effects of Short Video Addiction on the Motivation and Well-Being of Chinese Vocational College Students > Results > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Laffan et al.'s (35)
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“In recent year, one study also pointed out that addiction can cause negative learning motivations in children (24)”
§ Effects of Short Video Addiction on the Motivation and Well-Being of Chinese Vocational College Students > Results > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [24] Rahayu, 2021, The relationship of online game addiction with learning motivation in school age children on COVID-19 pandemic, Linguist Cult Rev. source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“and is an important indicator to determine whether students have the ability to cope in that environment (26).”
§ Effects of Short Video Addiction on the Motivation and Well-Being of Chinese Vocational College Students > Results > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [26] Deci, 2000, The “what” and “why” of goal pursuits: human needs and the self-determination of behavior, Psychol Inq. source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Internet addiction is often challenged as a factor that influences teenagers' psychological health (1).”
§ Effects of Short Video Addiction on the Motivation and Well-Being of Chinese Vocational College Students > Results > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [1] Cerniglia, 2017, Internet addiction in adolescence: neurobiological, psychosocial and clinical issues, Neurosci Biobehav Rev. source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Chen et al. (54) and Chen et al. (55) indicated that past studies have found a significant positive relationship between problematic Internet use and psychological distress.”
§ Effects of Short Video Addiction on the Motivation and Well-Being of Chinese Vocational College Students > Results > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Chen et al. (54) Chen, 2020, Internet-related behaviors and psychological distress among schoolchildren during COVID-19 school suspension, J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. source
- Not checked yetcites Chen et al. (55) Chen, 2021, - Internet addiction and psychological distress among Chinese school children before and during the COVID-19 outbreak: a latent class analysis, J Behav Addict. source
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Several studies have found that addiction may negatively affect users' wellbeing”
§ Effects of Short Video Addiction on the Motivation and Well-Being of Chinese Vocational College Students > Results > Discussion
What the sources say
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In line with this, if learners are in a state of high enjoyment when watching short videos, they will become addicted to them, which will have a negative impact on their learning motivation.”
§ Effects of Short Video Addiction on the Motivation and Well-Being of Chinese Vocational College Students > Results > Discussion
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“and that the subjective well-being of individuals who use online activities intensely may be affected (7, 37).”
§ Effects of Short Video Addiction on the Motivation and Well-Being of Chinese Vocational College Students > Results > Discussion
What the sources say
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:conditional· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“it was not possible to confirm whether there were differential situations in the perceived learning well-being of learners at different ages within the same educational system.”
§ Effects of Short Video Addiction on the Motivation and Well-Being of Chinese Vocational College Students > Conclusion and Recommendation > Research Limitations and Future Study
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Therefore, failure to monitor or limit Internet behavior can have unintended negative consequences (58).”
§ Effects of Short Video Addiction on the Motivation and Well-Being of Chinese Vocational College Students > Results > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [58] Chen, 2021, Psychological distress and internet-related behaviors between schoolchildren with and without overweight during the COVID-19 outbreak, Int J Obes. source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:conditional· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“according to the software characteristics of short videos, it is inevitable that users will have a high level of flow experience, so it is difficult to eliminate this enjoyment experience.”
§ Effects of Short Video Addiction on the Motivation and Well-Being of Chinese Vocational College Students > Conclusion > Recommendation
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✗ Checkable: fails✓ Load-bearing: passes✗ Based: failsProbably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“From the above results, it is clear that addiction to short videos has a negative impact on learners' motivation and positive psychology of learning”
§ Effects of Short Video Addiction on the Motivation and Well-Being of Chinese Vocational College Students > Conclusion > Recommendation
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: The sample of Chinese vocational college students is representative of the population to which the study's conclusions are generalized.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“it was not possible to understand more deeply what is the meaning and value of short videos to students with addictive tendencies, and why the addictive behavior affects their learning.”
§ Effects of Short Video Addiction on the Motivation and Well-Being of Chinese Vocational College Students > Conclusion and Recommendation > Research Limitations and Future Study
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“which may be due to the idea that they would choose to conform to social norms, as suggested by scholars, but also due to a cognitive gap and that they did not consider their use behavior as an addiction.”
§ Effects of Short Video Addiction on the Motivation and Well-Being of Chinese Vocational College Students > Conclusion
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✗ Checkable: fails✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: The self-report measures used in the study validly and reliably capture short video flow, short video addiction, intrinsic and extrinsic learning motivation, and learning well-being for Chinese vocational college students.
In the paper
“This suggests that initial levels of issue-specific use in social media are associated with increased psychological distress (57).”
§ Effects of Short Video Addiction on the Motivation and Well-Being of Chinese Vocational College Students > Results > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [57] Chen, 2020, Comparing generalized and specific problematic smartphone/internet use: longitudinal relationships between smartphone application-based addiction and social media addiction and psychological distress, J Behav Addict. source
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Garaigordobil (42) suggested that few studies have examined the correlation between age and well-being, and the existing findings are not very consistent.”
§ Effects of Short Video Addiction on the Motivation and Well-Being of Chinese Vocational College Students > Conclusion and Recommendation > Research Limitations and Future Study
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Garaigordobil (42) Garaigordobil, 2015, Predictor variables of happiness and its connection with risk and protective factors for health, Front Psychol. source
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“In the more recent study, Chen et al. (56) found that problematic gaming, problematic social media use, and problematic smartphone use are important mediators of the association between psychological distress and increased time spent on Internet-related activities during the COVID-19 outbreak.”
§ Effects of Short Video Addiction on the Motivation and Well-Being of Chinese Vocational College Students > Results > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Chen et al. (56) Chen, 2021, Internet-related behaviors and psychological distress among schoolchildren during the COVID-19 school hiatus, Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw. source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper relies on this without support.
Students being addicted to short videos brings hidden dangers for learning effects.
“the phenomenon of students being addicted to short videos brings many hidden dangers for the effects of learning.”
The paper relies on this without support.
There is little discussion on the negative impact of short video addiction in the learning psychology literature.
“However, there is still little discussion on the negative impact of short video addiction in the learning psychology literature.”
The paper relies on this without support.
There is a lack of related study on the topic of short video addiction.
“there is still a lack of related study on the topic of short video addiction.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The sample of 517 vocational college students is representative of Chinese vocational college students.
“university students from vocational colleges in China were invited to complete the questionnaire.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The cross-sectional survey design and structural equation modeling can establish the causal directions among short video flow, short video addiction, learning motivation, and learning well-being.
“This study used a descriptive and relevant cross-sectional method, and the snowball sampling method when issuing the questionnaire.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The self-report measures used in the study validly and reliably capture short video flow, short video addiction, intrinsic and extrinsic learning motivation, and learning well-being for Chinese vocational college students.
“participants in this study perceived lower levels of short video flow (M = 2.30, SD = 1.16).”
The paper relies on this without support.
The sample of Chinese vocational college students is representative of the population to which the study's conclusions are generalized.
“This study aims to understand the causes of short video addiction and its impact on the psychology of learning, and to develop a research model that combines the perspectives of mind flow theory and ecosystem theory to investigate the relationship between short video flow, short video addiction, intrinsic and extrinsic learning motivation, and learning well-being.”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“This behavior has been associated with various negative outcomes, including decreased learning motivation and reduced well-being during academic activities7, as well as declines in sleep quality30.”
From The binge scrolling scale measures excessive scrolling through a validated three-factor structure (2025) · cites this paper as [7]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.
The paper says it proposes five hypotheses but lists nine
MinorThe path analysis says the study proposes five research hypotheses, but the hypotheses section numbers them from H1 through H9.
“This study proposes five research hypotheses based on the theory of flow and ecosystem theory and constructed a theoretical model, and validates it through a structural equation modeling.”
“H9: Short video addiction has an indirect negative effect on learning well-being.”
Citations
Cites
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Intrinsic Motivation and Self-Determination in Human Behavior
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“According to Deci and Ryan (41), an individual’s intrinsic motivation is to engage in a behavior in order to gain pleasure and satisfaction from the process of participation, while extrinsic motivation is to engage in an activity in order to obtain an external benefit.”
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“Motivation can be defined as intrinsic and extrinsic, where intrinsic motivation means being able to enjoy or engage in an activity without any reinforcement, whereas extrinsic motivation requires outcomes such as achievement incentives (32).”
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“Studies have suggested that motivation is an important determinant of student well-being (27, 29, 30), which is consistent with the result of this study which found that intrinsic and extrinsic learning motivation had positive effects on learning well-being.”
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“This requires complex statistical data analysis methods and techniques due to the complexity of social reality, that is, the underlying characteristics of many social phenomena (45).”
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Abi-Jaoude, E., Naylor, K. T., & Pignatiello, A. (2020) · Canadian Medical Association Journal · doi:10.1503/cmaj.190434 · Cited by 627 · cited 2×
“Several studies have found that addiction may negatively affect users’ wellbeing and that the subjective wellbeing of individuals who use online activities intensely may be affected (7, 37).”
Background
Flagged first, then by citations
2 of the 56 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Research works printed but not linked: 4
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Cited by
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Zhang, J., Ren, L., Wu, Y., Shi, Y., & Liu, J. (2026) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1763608 · Cited by 4
“SVD has been associated with a range of adverse outcomes, including reduced learning motivation (Ye et al., 2022), lower academic engagement, increased attentional distraction (Chen et al., 2023; Hong et al., 2014), and distorted time perception (Jiang A. et al., 2025; Jiang Y. et al., 2025).”
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“The current studies done on the effects of SFV on student's academic performance show that students addicted to SFV platforms are more likely to procrastinate on their tasks [8], have less learning motivation [9] and lowered happiness and perseverance [10].”
Anusha, D., & Kengadaran, S. (2025) · Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care · doi:10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1925_24 · Cited by 3
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“In other words, it indicates that addiction to short-form videos has a negative impact on learning motivation and positive psychology of learning [18].”
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“Short-form video addiction is defined as a new type of Internet addiction, characterized by a persistent or recurring state of preoccupation caused by the frequent use of short video apps, leading to intense and enduring urges, as well as psychological reliance (Ye et al., 2022).”
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The binge scrolling scale measures excessive scrolling through a validated three-factor structure
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“These consumption patterns raise considerable concern regarding their psychological implications, as short video overuse negatively affects intrinsic and extrinsic motivation, as well as overall well-being 7 .”
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Wang, Y., Gong, B., Zhang, J., Chen, W., & Guo, M. (2025) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2025.1681183 · Cited by 4
Jia, W., Liu, L., Wang, X., Han, T., Yan, G., & Ma, Y. (2025) · BMC Psychology · doi:10.1186/s40359-025-03782-x · Cited by 2
“This is consistent with evidence showing that low subjective well-being is negatively associated with mental health and behavioral outcomes [93].”
Li, Y., Lin, S., Li, S., Li, X., Cui, J., Qiu, Z., Cui, X., & Chen, J. (2026) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-025-08825-5 · Cited by 2
“In 2022, China had nearly 193 mil - lion underage internet users, with 54.1% reporting regularly life, such as academic procrastination (Xie et al., 2023), low well-being (Mu et al., 2022; Ye et al., 2022) and sleep disturbance (Hu et al., 2021).”
InfluentialChen, Y., Xu, C., Hu, J., & Ye, J.-H. (2026) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2026.1761069 · Cited by 4
Self-citationThe influence of digital addiction on adolescents’ subjective wellbeing: a meta-analysis
Zhou, J., Chen, Z., wu, H., Guan, G., Li, Y., Kang, Y., Sun, R., & Liu, Y. (2026) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1776619 · Cited by 3
Academic burnout in the TikTok era: a battle between pleasure and concentration
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From attachment anxiety to short video addiction: the roles of attentional control and alexithymia
Su, H., Luo, D., Wang, H., Xiaodong, L., & He, Y. (2026) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1764536 · Cited by 2
Zhang, D., Wu, J., Li, J., Yang, Y., & Xing, Y. (2026) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1771454 · Cited by 2
The impact of short-form video cues on interference and response inhibition: an experimental study
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Katsiroumpa, A., Katsiroumpa, Z., Koukia, E., Μangoulia, P., Moisoglou, I., & Galanis, P. (2026) · Psychiatry International · doi:10.3390/psychiatryint7030088 · Cited by 2
“Motivation in school and academic activities seems to be affected as well due to the dramatic influence of TikTok on individuals’ personality and interests [9,19].”
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“[20] Further, the pandemic led to a surge in digital communication in younger individuals.”
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“Studies have confirmed that both intrinsic and extrinsic learning motivation have a positive impact on students’ well-being [18,38] .”
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“This study adopted the Short-Form Video Addiction Scale developed by Ye et al. [3], which consists of 10 items measuring participants’ perceived level of short-form video addiction.”
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Şentürk, A., & Harmantepe, A. T. (2024) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.65760 · Cited by 1
“In fact, recently, users have turned to short videos that are edited for high viewing rates, provide instant information, and whose accuracy is unknown [19].”
BackgroundAn Empirical Study on the Learning Outcomes of Vocational Students in A Smart Classroom
Ye, L., & Zhu, L. (2024) · International Journal of Sociologies and Anthropologies Science Reviews · doi:10.60027/ijsasr.2024.5143 · Cited by 1
“However, the transition to vocational college introduced challenges such as reduced parental supervision and the absence of academic pressure, which could lead to declines in academic diligence and classroom engagement (Ye et al., 2022).”
BackgroundThe Role of TikTok Features on Enhancing the Addiction of Content Consumption among Users
Fauzani, M. R., Utami, R., & Aeni, T. (2025) · Hulondalo Jurnal Ilmu Pemerintahan dan Ilmu Komunikasi · doi:10.59713/jipik.v4i1.1021 · Cited by 1
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“Additionally, prior studies have shown that younger media consumers, such as Chinese college students and adolescents, are especially susceptible to excessive social media use (Mu et al. 2022; Qin et al. 2022; Ye et al. 2022).”
Ergenlerde umut ve okulda öznel iyi oluş arasındaki ilişkide dijital oyun bağımlılığının aracı rolü
Uzun, A. E., & Kurtuluş, E. (2025) · Mehmet Akif Ersoy üniversitesi eğitim fakültesi dergisi. · doi:10.21764/maeuefd.1405196 · Cited by 1
Wang, Y., Wang, S., & Geng, J. (2025) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-025-07983-w · Cited by 2
Zhu, J., Fong, L. H. N., & Wu, A. M. S. (2025) · International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction · doi:10.1007/s11469-025-01585-0 · Cited by 1
“Consistent with previous studies (Pagano et al., 2023; Ye et al., 2022), watching short-form videos may make individuals with more severe PUSV struggle to inhibit desires, thereby affecting their academic performance and quality of life.”
Li, Z., Zhang, X., & Ren, Y. (2025) · International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction · doi:10.1007/s11469-025-01578-z · Cited by 2
“Extensive research links harsh parenting to negative adolescent outcomes, including internalizing problems and externalizing behaviors (Jessor, 1987; Xie et al., 2019; Ye et al., 2022).”
Bai, Y., Ben, C., Yu Qing, W. U., Xu, W., & Liu, Y. (2025) · Information Communication & Society · doi:10.1080/1369118x.2025.2598048 · Cited by 1
“Studies have demonstrated the detrimental consequences of PSVU, including reduced physical activity, heightened depression, increased academic burnout, impaired sleep quality, and diminished subjective well-being (Li et al., 2024; Qu et al., 2024; Ye et al., 2022; Zhao & Kou, 2024).”
Self-citationKurtça, T. T. (2026) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-025-08543-y · Cited by 3
“Over time, however, the rewarding cycle may encourage persistent and excessive use (Ye et al., 2022).”
InfluentialChan, S. L., & Yusuf, F. (2025) · International Journal of Education Psychology and Counseling · doi:10.35631/ijepc.1061038 · Cited by 2
Unpacking the indirect association between problematic short-form video use and appearance anxiety
Hou, X.-L., He, M., Han, Z., Liu, X., Li, S., Hou, X.-L., & Li, D. (2026) · Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1186/s40337-026-01549-2 · Cited by 1
“A growing body of research indicates that this problematic behavior is associated with adverse consequences for both physical and psychological health [14, 15].”
Pathak, K., Singh, P. K., Akbar Jan, N., Subramani, A. K., & Vijayalakshmi, M. (2026) · Acta Psychologica · doi:10.1016/j.actpsy.2026.106460 · Cited by 1
Li, Y., Yang, B., & Xu, X. (2026) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-026-09097-3 · Cited by 1
“Not only are they more likely to experience negative emotions such as depression and anxiety (Ye et al., 2022), but they also may develop negative cognitive patterns such as self-deprecation (Vaghefi et al., 2020), which makes them more susceptible to feelings of relative deprivation.”
Zhao, W., Zhang, W., Ma, S., Zhang, Y., Nan, Y., Li, X., Duan, C., Gao, S., Zhou, Y., & Zhang, Y. (2026) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare14050559 · Cited by 1
“…across regions attributable to technological differences, extant studies consistently indicate that prolonged exposure to highly repetitive short video content leads to decreased satisfaction among college students, accompanied by increased feelings of boredom, irritability, and depression [57–59].”
Kurtça, T. T., & Doğru, M. C. (2026) · The Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1080/00223980.2026.2642128 · Cited by 1
“Short Video Addiction Scale SVA was measured using the Short Video Addiction Scale (SVAS; Ye et al., 2022), adapted into Turkish by Türk and Yıldırım (2024).”
Wang, S., & Liu, Z. (2026) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1789207 · Cited by 2
“This addiction can significantly impair academic performance, interpersonal relationships, and mental health (Ye et al., 2022; Jiang et al., 2024).”
Zhou, D., & Lin, L.-M. (2026) · Acta Psychologica · doi:10.1016/j.actpsy.2026.106624 · Cited by 2
Shi, Y., Hui, X., Li, G., & Zhang, Y. (2026) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-026-45914-2 · Cited by 2
Xi, Y., & Xue, B. (2026) · European Journal of Education · doi:10.1111/ejed.70623 · Cited by 1
Xiaoping, D. E. N. G., Pan, W., Lu, Q., & Wu, Y. (2026) · BMC Psychology · doi:10.1186/s40359-026-04529-y · Cited by 1
Self-citationUnveiling and Simulating Short-Video Addiction Behaviors via Economic Addiction Theory
Xu, C., Yi, Z., Wang, R., Wang, W., Xu, J., & de Rijke, M. (2026) · International World Wide Web Conference (WWW) · doi:10.1145/3774904.3792216 · Cited by 2
Hui, X., Wang, Y., Cheng, W., & Shi, Y. (2026) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1889736 · Cited by 1
Dai, Z., Zhou, Y. M., Tian, H., et al. (2022) · Mobile Information Systems · doi:10.1155/2022/4938058 · Cited by 1
苏, 胜. (2023) · Advances in Education · doi:10.12677/ae.2023.133217 · Cited by 1
Relationship between videogame addiction and academic performance of senior secondary students
Ranjit, K. B., Roshan, C., & Subhankita, R. (2024) · i-manager s Journal on School Educational Technology · doi:10.26634/jsch.20.1.21039 · Cited by 2
Siy, C. M., Jung, K., Song, S., Lee, K. H., & Kim, J. (2026) · CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3772318.3791959 · Cited by 1
Dong, J., Zhang, H., Zhao, J., & Yuan, R. (2026) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1907189
“…Kuaishou, Bilibili short videos, and Xiaohongshu have become deeply embedded in students’ everyday routines, capturing substantial portions of attention that students previously allocated to other activities (Montag et al., 2021; Mu et al., 2022; Ye et al., 2022; Qu et al., 2024; Yang 2024).”
QuanQuan, L., Yu, S. K., & YaTing, Y. (2023) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4461075
The Key Success Factors of Purchase Intention and Consumer Behavior on Short Video Application
Agathalia, S., & Chandra, Y. U. (2023) · International Conference on Information Management and Technology (ICIMTech) · doi:10.1109/icimtech59029.2023.10278046
“The characteristics of short videos are having a clear style, concise and compact content, fast rhythm, most of the video content will attract users’ attention within seconds and make them keep watching, which become a powerful marketing tool that brings economic benefits to its users [8].”
BackgroundHao, J., Dong, S., Yu, Z., Zhang, S., & Li, J. (2024) · doi:10.2196/preprints.57464
The Influence of Neurotic Personality Traits on Excessive Short Video Usage
Gong, Z. (2024) · International Journal of Psychological Studies · doi:10.5539/ijps.v16n1p52
Gupta, R. (2023) · International Journal of Complementary & Alternative Medicine · doi:10.15406/ijcam.2023.16.00650
Kuilong, H. (2024) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4961026
周, 思. (2024) · Advances in Psychology · doi:10.12677/ap.2024.1410732
Social Media Short Video Addiction for the Elderly: A Bibliometric Analysis
Jie, Z., & Ibrahim, O. (2024) · International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences · doi:10.6007/ijarbss/v14-i12/24105
Short-video usage and female college students’ restricted diets: a chain mediation model
Fu, T., Li, X., Wei, X., & Qin, J. (2024) · Journal of Psychology in Africa · doi:10.1080/14330237.2024.2425232
Wu, K., Jiang, J., McDonnell, D., Zhang, B., & Yu, J. (2025) · Lifespan development and mental health. · doi:10.70322/ldmh.2025.10009
Solina, A. M. (2025) · International Journal of Biosciences (IJB) · doi:10.12692/ijb/27.2.37-56
Li, Y.-F., Xiao, C.-Y., & Cai, R.-X. (2025) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1517827 · Cited by 2
“Short video addiction is defined as addictive behavior in which users use short video software in a dependent, inappropriate, or excessive manner (Ye et al., 2022).”
Zhou, T., Wang, Y., Xiao, Z., et al. (2025) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2025.1598803
Similarities and Differences in Diagnostic Scales
Xuan, B., Peng, L., Liu, Y., Liu, G., Chen, Y. S., Yang, L., Li, M., & Zhou, J. (2025) · Advances in experimental medicine and biology · doi:10.1007/978-981-95-2411-2_7
Chen, Z., Song, L., & Yong, W. (2025) · International Conference on Educational Technology and Artificial Intelligence (ICETAI) · doi:10.1145/3766557.3766626
“Defined by compulsive use, impaired regulation, and withdrawal symptoms [ 7 ], [ 8 ] , short-form video (SFV) addiction has been linked to psychological exhaustion—particularly in workplace settings where cognitive load, attentional fragmentation, and always-connected routines are prevalent [ 9 ],…”
Liu, X., Zou, J., & Zhang, Y. (2025) · School Psychology International · doi:10.1177/01430343251404078 · Cited by 4
“Most studies focus on adult groups (Klobas et al., 2019; Peng et al., 2022; Qin et al., 2022; Ye et al., 2022), leaving adolescent populations underexplored.”
Qi, X., Jiang, Y., & Lian, R. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26688806
Li, Y., Lin, S., Chen, T., Huang, M., Li, S., & Chen, J. (2026) · Basic and Applied Social Psychology · doi:10.1080/01973533.2025.2603302
“Several researchers have suggested that SFVA can lead to a series of negative consequences, such as reduced cognitive ability and academic performance (Jiang et al., 2024; Xu et al., 2023), sleep disturbances (Hu et al., 2021) and poor well-being (Ye et al., 2022).”
Dinç, Z. F., & Saraç, L. (2026) · Osmangazi Journal of Educational Research · doi:10.59409/ojer.1757808
A Qualitative Study of Learning Continuance through Short-Form Videos among College Students
Arlind, J., & Princes, E. (2025) · International Conference on Information Technology and Digital Applications (ICITDA) · doi:10.1109/icitda68167.2025.11332546
“With the endlessly scrollable nature of short-form videos, it is inevitable that this high level of flow experience causes addiction; it is impossible to eliminate the enjoyment of short-form videos [12].”
Wang, Z., Shi, L., Li, X., et al. (2026) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-8186568/v1
Ru, J. (2025) · Journal of higher education teaching. · doi:10.62517/jhet.202515505
Liang, L., & Wang, S. (2026) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1709572
“Nonetheless, according to other researchers, the overconsumption or addiction to the short videos can affect the deep learning and academic dedication (Ye et al., 2022; Ye et al., 2024).”
Lu, X., Yeo, K. J., & Wu, O. (2026) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-026-07963-9
“Prior research has shown that university students tend to report higher levels of academic pressure and performance anxiety, while vocational students are more likely to experience stress related to job prospects and social integration [51–53].”
Joseph, N., Mallya, A., Rashid, F., Raj, A., Yadav, N., & Garg, A. (2026) · Medical Journal of Dr D Y Patil Vidyapeeth · doi:10.4103/mjdrdypu.mjdrdypu_165_25
Zhang, Z., Gu, J., Wu, K., Hou, L., Zha, G., Yuan, L., & Xu, M. (2026) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1736377 · Cited by 1
Zhang, H., Liu, W., Wang, Y., & Bian, J. (2026) · Humanities and Social Sciences Communications · doi:10.1057/s41599-026-07298-6
“Conversely, based on this study and those by Ye et al. (2022), it can be inferred that the intention behind internet use might play a critical role in in fl uencing extrinsic motivation.”
Mobile Learning and Competency-Based Education in TVET: A Bibliometric Synthesis
Wagino, W., Tymofiiv, V., Polin, K., Hidayat, N., Muslim, M. H. P., & Koto, R. D. (2026) · International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM) · doi:10.3991/ijim.v20i08.61205
Choy, Y. N., Zhang, Z., Luo, Y., & Wu, D. (2026) · Early Education and Development · doi:10.1080/10409289.2026.2658152 · Cited by 1
“However, some studies have identified potential risks associated with children’s SV consumption (Tian et al., 2023; Ye et al., 2022; Zhang et al., 2022).”
Deng, E. (2026) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1826559 · Cited by 1
Zhao, Z., 崔中磊, & Sun, H. (2026) · BMC Psychology · doi:10.1186/s40359-026-04699-9
“Short video addiction is regarded as a distinct subtype of internet addiction [12].”
Bu, X., Li, X., Li, B., & Zhang, X. (2026) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1773800
“Within this domain, short video addiction—the focus of the present study—is considered a specific subtype of internet addiction (Ye et al., 2022).”
Modeling Student Engagement With Physical Education Content on TikTok
Sibug, V. B., Fernando, E. Q., Onofre, T. A. A., Mendoza, A. G. S., Ovejas, R. V. S., Sunga, J. H. B., Bansil, J. A., Miller, J. C., & Miranda, J. P. P. (2026) · IGI Global eBooks · doi:10.4018/979-8-3373-6846-7.ch004
Li, R., Fu, W., Yuqian, L., Zhao, Y., & Peng, P. (2026) · Cognitive Processing · doi:10.1007/s10339-026-01348-2
“An empirical study of students in Chinese colleges and universities noted that PSNU significantly and negatively affects students’ internal motivation to learn and CC (Ye et al. 2022).”
Yu, L., & Yan, M. (2026) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-026-09529-0
Sun, W., Ge, R., Liu, Y., & Zhang, Y. (2026) · BMC Psychology · doi:10.1186/s40359-026-04909-4
“Research has demonstrated that short video addiction negatively impacts adolescents’ physical and mental health [8, 9], resulting in cognitive decline, emotional disturbances, and functional impairments [6, 9–11].”
Zhang, Y., Tong, B., & Wu, L. (2026) · Frontiers in Communication · doi:10.3389/fcomm.2026.1810293
Mariappan, L., & Hariharan, K. (2026) · Entertainment Computing · doi:10.1016/j.entcom.2026.101160
Li, X., Chen, P., Tang, W., & Lei, P. (2026) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1846754
“Recent systematic reviews have identified multiple psychological antecedents and consequences of short-form video addiction among Chinese university students, including depression, anxiety, loneliness, and impaired academic functioning (Ye et al., 2022; Zhan and Zhu, 2025).”
Sun, X., & Xu, J. (2026) · The Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1080/00223980.2026.2688113
Li, B., Samah, N. A., & Liu, T. (2026) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1824227
“Previous studies have shown that excessive short-video use may be associated with decreased attention, time management difficulties, and affected academic performance (Chen et al., 2023; Tian et al., 2023; Ye et al., 2022).”
Influencing Factors of Social Media Reels Engagement of University Students in Bangladesh
Hasan, R., Kabir, M. R., & Islam, M. S. (2026) · Khulna University Studies · doi:10.53808/kus.2026.23.01.1535-ss
“Students use reels during their free time between their classes or when they feel stressed (Ye et al., 2022).”
Metadata
- Authors
- Ye, J.-H., Wu, Y.-T., Wu, Y.-F., Chen, M.-Y., & Ye, J.-N.
- Affiliations
- National Taipei University of Technology (TW)
- Ming Chi University of Technology (TW)
- National Taiwan Normal University (TW)
- Corresponding author
- Wu, Yu-Feng
- Chen, Mei-Yen
- Venue
- Frontiers in Public Health
- Publisher
- Frontiers Media SA
- Published
- 2022-05-10
- Volume
- 10
- Pages
- 847672-847672
- ISSN
- 2296-2565 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC9127725
- OpenAlex
- W4229439658
- Semantic Scholar
- 45cdd213e1d7c2725ed1b65ab26ceed0c396ebd5
- Cited by
- 221
- References
- 56
- Citations by year
- 2026: 79 · 2025: 67 · 2024: 49 · 2023: 23 · 2022: 3
- FWCI
- 51.08
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Frontiers in Public Health (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Science Council (MOST 105-2410-H-003-059-MY3, MOST 105)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Impact of Technology on Adolescents
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Flow Experience in Various Fields
- Social Sciences › Communication › Digital Media and Philosophy
- Keywords
- short video addiction, flow experience, intrinsic motivation, extrinsic motivation, vocational college students, excessive media use, Chinese youth, Douyin, TikTok
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Female, Humans, Male, Motivation, Students, Universities, Reproducibility of Results, Behavior, Addictive
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