The Ethics of Realism in Virtual and Augmented Reality
Open accessAbstract
In this paper we consider ethical issues that could emerge with the widespread adoption ofvirtual and augmented reality (XR) as a consumer product. Our major focus is on a likelyfuture where, with technological advances, virtual and augmented reality may becomeindistinguishable from reality thanks to the improvements in sensory feedback, in the abilityto interact with virtual features, and in other elements that enhance the realism of the virtualexperience—what we refer to as superrealism. In the introductory section we first considermore general ethical issues related to XR use, and in later sections we consider issues specificto superrealism in XR. Finally, we propose approaches towards remedies and outline a seriesof scientific questions targeted at the research community. This work is the result of a groupmeeting under the auspices of Digital Catapult in London, and reports findings of theirdiscussions. The intention of this paper is to highlight important areas for consideration bythe wider XR community, and provoke the discussion and further research needed toinvestigate and address these important topics.
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Privacy concerns about collecting vast amounts of data from VR usage have already been raised and must continue to be discussed within clinical research.
“privacy concerns have already been raised (Slater et al. 2020;Spiegel 2018) and must continue to be discussed within clinical research”
From Better, Virtually: the Past, Present, and Future of Virtual Reality Cognitive Behavior Therapy (2021) · cites this paper as Slater et al. 2020
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Quality of Experience in Telemeetings and Videoconferencing: A Comprehensive Survey
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Novel Challenges of Safety, Security and Privacy in Extended Reality
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Place-centred emerging technologies for disaster management: A scoping review
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The Metaverse in the Workplace: Possibilities and Implications for Human Resource Development
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Consumer Consciousness in Multisensory Extended Reality
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Pervasive Augmented Reality—Technology and Ethics
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Effects of school indoor visual environment on children's health outcomes: A systematic review
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Using Feedforward to Reveal Interaction Possibilities in Virtual Reality
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Augmented reality, virtual reality and new age technologies demand escalates amid COVID-19
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Go Virtual to Get Real: Virtual Reality as a Resource for Spinal Cord Treatment
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Impossible (Food) Experiences in Extended Reality
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Virtual Reality for Criminologists: A Road Map
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Five canonical findings from 30 years of psychological experimentation in virtual reality
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E3XR: An Analytical Framework for Ethical, Educational and Eudaimonic XR Design
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The Symbiosis of Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy and Telemental Health: A Review
Ong, T., Wilczewski, H., Soni, H., Nisbet, Q., Paige, S. R., Barrera, J. F., Welch, B. M., & Bunnell, B. E. (2022) · Frontiers in Virtual Reality · doi:10.3389/frvir.2022.848066 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
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Malicious Design in AIVR, Falsehood and Cybersecurity-oriented Immersive Defenses
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Misinformation in Virtual Reality
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X‐person asymmetric interaction in virtual and augmented realities
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Virtual Morality: Using Virtual Reality to Study Moral Behavior in Extreme Accident Situations
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- Authors
- Slater, M., Gonzalez-Liencres, C., Haggard, P., Vinkers, C., Gregory-Clarke, R., Jelley, S., Watson, Z., Breen, G., Schwarz, R., Steptoe, W., Szostak, D., Halan, S., Fox, D., & Silver, J.
- Affiliations
- Digital Catapult (GB)
- University College London (GB)
- Magic Leap (United States) (US)
- British Broadcasting Corporation (United Kingdom) (GB)
- Meta (United Kingdom) (GB)
- Meta (United States) (US)
- Nesta (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Slater, Mel
- Venue
- Frontiers in Virtual Reality
- Publisher
- Frontiers Media SA
- Published
- 2020-03-03
- Volume
- 1
- ISSN
- 2673-4192 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W3009436916
- Cited by
- 410
- References
- 60
- Citations by year
- 2026: 32 · 2025: 66 · 2024: 87 · 2023: 112 · 2022: 58 · 2021: 37 · 2020: 18
- FWCI
- 40.92
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Frontiers in Virtual Reality (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- H2020 European Research Council (742989)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Human-Computer Interaction › Virtual Reality Applications and Impacts
- Social Sciences › Safety Research › Ethics and Social Impacts of AI
- Social Sciences › Communication › Cultural Studies and Postmodernism
- Keywords
- ethics of virtual reality, hyperrealism, sensory feedback, consumer technology adoption, virtual and augmented reality
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