Evidence for an Independent and Cumulative Effect of Postprandial Hypertriglyceridemia and Hyperglycemia on Endothelial Dysfunction and Oxidative Stress Generation: Effects of Short- and Long-Term Simvastatin Treatment
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Background— Postprandial hypertriglyceridemia and hyperglycemia are considered risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Evidence suggests that postprandial hypertriglyceridemia and hyperglycemia induce endothelial dysfunction through oxidative stress; however, the distinct role of these two factors is a matter of debate. Methods and Results— Thirty type 2 diabetic patients and 20 normal subjects ate 3 different meals: a high-fat meal; 75 g glucose alone; and high-fat meal plus glucose. Glycemia, triglyceridemia, nitrotyrosine, and endothelial function were assayed during the tests. Subsequently, diabetics took 40 mg/d simvastatin or placebo for 12 weeks. The 3 tests were performed again at baseline, between 3 to 6 days after the start, and at the end of each study. High-fat load and glucose alone produced a decrease of endothelial function and an increase of nitrotyrosine in normal and diabetic subjects. These effects were more pronounced when high fat and glucose were combined. Short-term simvastatin treatment had no effect on lipid parameters but reduced the effect on endothelial function and nitrotyrosine observed during each different test. Long-term simvastatin treatment was accompanied by a lower increase in postprandial triglycerides, which was followed by smaller variations of endothelial function and nitrotyrosine during the tests. Conclusions— This study shows an independent and cumulative effect of postprandial hypertriglyceridemia and hyperglycemia on endothelial function, suggesting oxidative stress as common mediator of such effect. Simvastatin shows a beneficial effect on oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction, which may be ascribed to a direct effect as well as the lipid-lowering action of the drug.
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Statins and angiotensin type 1 receptor blockers lower oxidative stress and inflammation and thereby improve endothelial function.
“Statins and angiotensin type 1 receptor blockers have been shown to reduce oxidative stress and inflammation, improving endothelial function.”
During postprandial hyperglycemia and hypertriglyceridemia, endothelial dysfunction and inflammation come with a marked rise in nitrotyrosine.
“endothelial dysfunction and inflammation during both postprandial hyperglycemia and hypertriglyceridemia are accompanied by a significant NT increase”
Earlier work reported that short-term statin therapy can prevent the endothelial dysfunction and oxidative stress caused by hyperglycemia and hypertriglyceridemia.
“In previous studies, the possibility of preventing hyperglycemia-and hypertriglyceridemia-induced endothelial dysfunction and oxidative stress with short-term treatment with statin has been reported.”
Prior studies show that postprandial hyperglycemia and hypertriglyceridemia act independently and cumulatively on endothelial function, with oxidative stress as the shared mediator.
“Indeed, recent studies demonstrate both an independent and a cumulative effect of postprandial hypertriglyceridemia and hyperglycemia on endothelial function, with oxidative stress the common mediator.”
Postprandial hyperglycemia and hypertriglyceridemia cause endothelial dysfunction and inflammation via oxidative stress.
“Evidence suggests that postprandial hypertriglyceridemia and hyperglycemia induce endothelial dysfunction and inflammation through oxidative stress.”
In diabetic patients, statins and AT-1 receptor blockers each lower nitrotyrosine production, including during acute rises in blood glucose.
“Statins and AT-1 receptor blockers have been shown singularly to reduce NT generation in diabetic patients, even during an acute increase in glycemia.13,15,17”
Rising nitrotyrosine levels during hyperglycemia or fat loading support the idea that glucose and free fatty acids trigger oxidative stress through shared pathways.
“The increase in NT, a useful marker of both peroxynitrite and NO activity, during hyperglycemia or fat load supports this hypothesis.[13][14][15]”
FoxO proteins regulate genes involved in energy homeostasis, cell survival, and inflammatory responses including NF-kB.
“FoxO proteins are transcription factors which regulate the expression of genes involved in energy homeostasis, cell survival and inflammatory responses including NF-kB (274 -278) .”
From Dietary factors and low-grade inflammation in relation to overweight and obesity (2011) · cites this paper as [275]
In diabetic subjects, some surrogate measures of vascular pathology, such as endothelial dysfunction, are negatively affected by postprandial hyperglycemia.
“In diabetic subjects, some surrogate measures of vascular pathology, such as endothelial dysfunction, are negatively affected by postprandial hyperglycemia (60).”
From Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes—2009 (2009) · cites this paper as [60]
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- Authors
- Ceriello, A., Taboga, C., Tonutti, L., Quagliaro, L., Piconi, L., Bais, B., Da Ros, R., & Motz, E.
- Affiliations
- University of Udine (IT)
- From the Department of Pathology and Medicine, Experimental and Clinical, Chair of Internal Medicine, University of Udine, Udine, Italy (A.C., B.B., R.D.R., E.M.); the Diabetology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera S Maria della Misericordia, Udine, Italy (C.T., L.T.); and Morpurgo-Hofman Research Laboratory on Aging, Udine, Italy (L.Q., L.P.).
- Venue
- Circulation
- Published
- 2002-09-03
- Volume
- 106
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 1211-1218
- ISSN
- 0009-7322 (ISSN-L)
- 1524-4539
- OpenAlex
- W2159918504
- Cited by
- 655
- References
- 37
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 25 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 24 · 2019: 18 · 2018: 18 · 2017: 28 · 2016: 24 · 2015: 27 · 2014: 41 · 2013: 30 · 2012: 30
- FWCI
- 19.61
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- Licence
- other-oa
- Locations
- Circulation (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- INFM-OAR (INFN Catania) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Nitric Oxide and Endothelin Effects
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Biochemistry › Antioxidant Activity and Oxidative Stress
- Keywords
- postprandial hypertriglyceridemia, hyperglycemia, endothelial dysfunction, oxidative stress, nitrotyrosine, type 2 diabetes, simvastatin, high-fat meal, glucose tolerance, cardiovascular risk factors, statin therapy
- MeSH terms
- Blood Glucose, Cardiovascular Diseases, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Double-Blind Method, Drug Administration Schedule, Endothelium, Vascular, Female, Glucose Tolerance Test, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Risk Factors, Triglycerides, Tyrosine, Vasodilation, Hypertriglyceridemia, Oxidative Stress, Cross-Over Studies, Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors, Postprandial Period, Simvastatin
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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