RNA–Binding Protein HuD as a Versatile Factor in Neuronal and Non–Neuronal Systems
Open accessAbstract
HuD (also known as ELAVL4) is an RNA–binding protein belonging to the human antigen (Hu) family that regulates stability, translation, splicing, and adenylation of target mRNAs. Unlike ubiquitously distributed HuR, HuD is only expressed in certain types of tissues, mainly in neuronal systems. Numerous studies have shown that HuD plays essential roles in neuronal development, differentiation, neurogenesis, dendritic maturation, neural plasticity, and synaptic transmission by regulating the metabolism of target mRNAs. However, growing evidence suggests that HuD also functions as a pivotal regulator of gene expression in non–neuronal systems and its malfunction is implicated in disease pathogenesis. Comprehensive knowledge of HuD expression, abundance, molecular targets, and regulatory mechanisms will broaden our understanding of its role as a versatile regulator of gene expression, thus enabling novel treatments for diseases with aberrant HuD expression. This review focuses on recent advances investigating the emerging role of HuD, its molecular mechanisms of target gene regulation, and its disease relevance in both neuronal and non–neuronal systems.
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ELAVL4 regulates glutamate levels and neuronal excitability.
“glutamate levels, and neuronal excitability (Ince-Dunn et al., 2012; Jung and Lee, 2021)”
From ELAVL4, splicing, and glutamatergic dysfunction precede neuron loss in MAPT mutation cerebral organoids (2021) · cites this paper as Jung and Lee, 2021
The Introduction identifies HuD as ELAVL4. Section 4.1 reports that mice lacking neuronal ELAV proteins had impaired splicing of genes regulating cellular glutamate levels and spontaneous epileptic seizures. That supports a link to glutamate regulation and excitability, but the passage concerns the neuronal ELAV group, not ELAVL4 individually. (LLM, conf=0.85)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredELAVL4 binds the 3′ UTR of MAPT RNA in rat primary neurons and in mouse P19 cells.
“ELAVL4 binds the 3′ UTR of MAPT RNA in rat primary neurons and in mouse P19 cells”
From ELAVL4, splicing, and glutamatergic dysfunction precede neuron loss in MAPT mutation cerebral organoids (2021) · cites this paper as Jung and Lee, 2021
The Introduction identifies HuD as ELAVL4, and §3.1 says HuD regulates tau expression. A reference listed in the paper concerns tau mRNA and HuD protein in differentiated P19 neuronal cells, but our copy does not establish direct binding to the MAPT 3′ UTR in either P19 cells or rat primary neurons. (LLM, conf=0.84)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
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<i>ELAVL4, PARK10,</i> and the Celts
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Short- and Long-Term Regulation of HuD: A Molecular Switch Mediated by Folic Acid?
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Self-citationConformational Properties of Poly(A)-Binding Protein Complexed with Poly(A) RNA
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Reducing HuD Levels Alleviates Alzheimer's Disease Pathology in 5xFAD Mice
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ELAVL1 and ELAVL4 Are Required for Musashi-Dependent Translational Activation
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Engineered targeted enhancement of translation in mammalian cell
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Bishayee, K., Kaviarasan, V., Yoo, S. Y., Lee, S. H., & Park, Y. S. (2026) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms27177882
- Authors
- Jung, M., & Lee, E. K.
- Affiliations
- Catholic University of Korea (KR)
- Corresponding author
- Lee, Eun Kyung
- Venue
- Biology
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2021-04-23
- Volume
- 10
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 361
- ISSN
- 2079-7737 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC8145660
- OpenAlex
- W3157890723
- Cited by
- 39
- References
- 119
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 3
- FWCI
- 0.63
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Biology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- National Research Foundation of Korea (2020R1F1A1048425)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › RNA Research and Splicing
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetics and Neurodevelopmental Disorders
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › RNA regulation and disease
- Keywords
- HUD, ELAVL4, RNA-binding proteins, mRNA stability, mRNA translation, mRNA splicing, neuronal development, neurogenesis, dendritic cell maturation, neuroplasticity, synaptic transmission, gene expression regulation, disease relevance
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