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Cited by 156Gut microbiota and healthPsoriasis: Treatment and PathogenesisDermatology and Skin Diseases

Gut–Skin Axis: Unravelling the Connection between the Gut Microbiome and Psoriasis

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Thye, Angel Yun-Kuan, Bah, Yi-Rou, Law, Jodi Woan-Fei, Tan, Loh Teng-Hern, He, Ya-Wen, Wong, Sunny-Hei, Thurairajasingam, Sivakumar, Chan, Kok-Gan +2 more·2022·Biomedicines
DOI 10.3390/biomedicines10051037PMC PMC9138548
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Abstract

Evidence has shown that gut microbiome plays a role in modulating the development of diseases beyond the gastrointestinal tract, including skin disorders such as psoriasis. The gut–skin axis refers to the bidirectional relationship between the gut microbiome and skin health. This is regulated through several mechanisms such as inflammatory mediators and the immune system. Dysregulation of microbiota has been seen in numerous inflammatory skin conditions such as atopic dermatitis, rosacea, and psoriasis. Understanding how gut microbiome are involved in regulating skin health may lead to development of novel therapies for these skin disorders through microbiome modulation, in particularly psoriasis. In this review, we will compare the microbiota between psoriasis patients and healthy control, explain the concept of gut–skin axis and the effects of gut dysbiosis on skin physiology. We will also review the current evidence on modulating gut microbiome using probiotics in psoriasis.

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  • Probiotics have been investigated for their ability to alleviate irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) symptoms, and certain probiotic strains like Bifidobacterium infantis and Lactobacillus plantarum can reduce inflammation and restore gut barrier function in IBS patients.

    “Bloating, stomach discomfort, and constipation are all signs of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), and probiotics have been investigated for their ability to alleviate these conditions. Inflammation can be reduced and gut barrier function can be restored in IBS patients by taking certain probiotic strains like Bifidobacterium infantis and Lactobacillus plantarum.”

    From Unveiling the therapeutic symphony of probiotics, prebiotics, and postbiotics in gut-immune harmony (2024) · cites this paper as [31]

    Split into 2 atoms — 0 confirmed, 1 partially supported, 0 disputed, 1 misattributed, 0 unverifiable. Expand the claim to see per-atom verdicts.

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • The anti-inflammatory effects of postbiotics, especially short-chain fatty acids, are important in the regulation of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) symptoms.

    “The anti-inflammatory effects of postbiotics, especially short-chain fatty acids, are important in the regulation of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) symptoms.”

    From Unveiling the therapeutic symphony of probiotics, prebiotics, and postbiotics in gut-immune harmony (2024) · cites this paper as [31]

    Section 3 describes the anti-inflammatory properties of short-chain fatty acids and their role in gut immune regulation. Section 7 links a butyrate-producing bacterium to IBD, but notes conflicting findings; it does not establish that postbiotics regulate IBD symptoms. Page numbers are unavailable in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.86)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • Evidence is mounting that probiotics and prebiotics may be useful in controlling autoimmune illnesses including rheumatoid arthritis and multiple sclerosis by altering the composition of the gut flora, affecting immunological dysregulation and potentially reducing autoimmune reactions.

    “Evidence is mounting that probiotics and prebiotics may be useful in controlling autoimmune illnesses including rheumatoid arthritis and multiple sclerosis by altering the composition of the gut flora. These bioactive compounds affect immunological dysregulation and might reduce autoimmune reactions.”

    From Unveiling the therapeutic symphony of probiotics, prebiotics, and postbiotics in gut-immune harmony (2024) · cites this paper as [31]

    Split into 2 atoms — 0 confirmed, 2 partially supported, 0 disputed, 0 misattributed, 0 unverifiable. Expand the claim to see per-atom verdicts.

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  • Probiotics and prebiotics improve glucose metabolism and decrease inflammation in diabetes patients by altering the makeup and function of the gut microbiota.

    “Glycemic management and insulin sensitivity in people with type 2 diabetes have been studied as a possible benefit of probiotics and prebiotics. These bioactive compounds improve glucose metabolism and decrease inflammation in diabetes patients by altering the makeup and function of the gut microbiota.”

    From Unveiling the therapeutic symphony of probiotics, prebiotics, and postbiotics in gut-immune harmony (2024) · cites this paper as [31]

    The Treatment section says probiotics and prebiotics can reshape gut microbiota, and reports reduced inflammatory markers with probiotics in psoriasis subjects. It does not report improved glucose metabolism or reduced inflammation in diabetes patients; its Introduction mentions type 2 diabetes only as a psoriasis comorbidity. The claim extends findings from psoriasis to a different patient population and outcome. (LLM, conf=0.82)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • Probiotics and prebiotics can mitigate allergy diseases including eczema and rhinitis by regulating the balance between Th1 and Th2 immune responses.

    “It has been investigated whether or not probiotics and prebiotics can mitigate allergy diseases including eczema and rhinitis. They are essential in the regulation of the balance between Th1 and Th2 immune responses, which are responsible for the development of allergic disorders.”

    From Unveiling the therapeutic symphony of probiotics, prebiotics, and postbiotics in gut-immune harmony (2024) · cites this paper as [31]

    The Treatment section reports that probiotics can modulate immune responses and that probiotics and prebiotics can reshape the gut microbiome. Its treatment findings concern psoriasis, however; the passages do not support mitigation of eczema or rhinitis through regulation of the Th1/Th2 balance. The Gut–Skin Axis section instead discusses Treg/Th17 balance in psoriasis. No page numbers were available in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.83)

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References 194 · Cited by 156

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Authors
Thye, A. Y.-K., Bah, Y.-R., Law, J. W.-F., Tan, L. T.-H., He, Y.-W., Wong, S.-H., Thurairajasingam, S., Chan, K.-G., Lee, L.-H., & Letchumanan, V.
Affiliations
  • Monash University Malaysia (MY)
  • Shanghai Jiao Tong University (CN)
  • Nanyang Technological University (SG)
  • Jiangsu University (CN)
Corresponding author
  • Chan, Kok-Gan
  • Lee, Learn-Han
ORCID
Venue
Biomedicines
Publisher
MDPI AG
Published
2022-04-30
Volume
10
Issue
5
Pages
1037
ISSN
2227-9059 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.3390/biomedicines10051037
PMC
PMC9138548
OpenAlex
W4225113201
Cited by
156
References
194
Citations by year
2026: 32 · 2025: 43 · 2024: 46 · 2023: 29 · 2022: 6
FWCI
3.23
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Biomedicines (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Monash University Research Portal (Monash University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
  • DR-NTU (Nanyang Technological University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
Funders
  • Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences Strategic Grant 2021 (STG-000051, BMRG2018-01, FP022-2018A)
  • External Industry Grant from Biomerge Sdn Bhd (STG-000051, BMRG2018-01, FP022-2018A)
  • University of Malaya Research Grant (STG-000051, BMRG2018-01, FP022-2018A)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
  • Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Psoriasis: Treatment and Pathogenesis
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Dermatology › Dermatology and Skin Diseases
Keywords
gut-skin axis, gut microbiota, psoriasis, gut dysbiosis, probiotics, inflammatory skin diseases, atopic dermatitis, rosacea, immune regulation, inflammatory mediators, microbiota-based therapy

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