Microalgae Harvesting Techniques: A Review
Abstract
Microalgae with wide range of commercial applications have attracted a lot of attention of the researchers in the last few decades. However, microalgae utilization is not economically sustainable due to high cost of harvesting. A wide range of solid - liquid separation techniques are available for microalgae harvesting. The techniques include coagulation and flocculation, flotation, centrifugation and filtration or a combination of various techniques. Despite the importance of harvesting to the economics and energy balance, there is no universal harvesting technique for microalgae. Therefore, this review focuses on assessing technical, economical and application potential of various harvesting techniques so as to allow selection of an appropriate technology for cost effectively harvesting of microalgae from their culture medium. Various harvesting and concentrating techniques of microalgae were reviewed to suggest order of suitability of the techniques for four main microalgae applications i.e biofuel, human and animal food, high valued products, and water quality restoration. For deciding the order of suitability, a comparative analysis of various harvesting techniques based on the six common criterions (i.e biomass quality, cost, biomass quantity, processing time, species specific and toxicity) has been done. Based on the order of various techniques vis-a-vis various criteria and preferred order of criteria for various applications, order of suitability of harvesting techniques for various applications has been decided. Among various harvesting techniques, coagulation and flocculation, centrifugation and filtration were found to be most suitable for considered applications. These techniques may be used alone or in combination for increasing the harvesting efficiency.
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Currently, 90% of the cost of obtaining microalgal biomass from open ponds is attributable to energy-intensive harvesting techniques.
“Currently, 90% of the cost of obtaining microalgal biomass from open ponds is attributable to energy-intensive harvesting techniques such as flotation, centrifugation, filtration, and electricity-based techniques [132,133].”
From Challenges in Functional Food Products with the Incorporation of Some Microalgae (2024) · cites this paper as [133]
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Microalgae-Based Biodiesel Production and Its Challenges and Future Opportunities: A Review
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Mass cultivation and harvesting of microalgal biomass: Current trends and future perspectives
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Lipids from Microalgae for Cosmetic Applications
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“Harvesting is an important and costly step in the large-scale microalgae cultivation process, which means that their use on an industrial scale is not economically sustainable [40,69].”
BackgroundMicroalgal Cell Biofactory—Therapeutic, Nutraceutical and Functional Food Applications
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Microalgae Starch: A Promising Raw Material for the Bioethanol Production
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Microalgal harvesting for biofuels—Options and associated operational costs
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Microalgae as future food: rich nutrients, safety, production costs and environmental effects
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Microfluidics for Microalgal Biotechnology
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Microalgae-based functional foods: a blue-green revolution in sustainable nutrition and health
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Algae Biomass: Importance, Harvesting Techniques, Extraction Methods, and Associated Challenges
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The power of microalgae: Cutting-edge applications and groundbreaking innovations
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Flat-plate photobioreactors for renewable resources production
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- Authors
- Singh, G., & Patidar, S. K.
- Affiliations
- National Institute of Technology Kurukshetra (IN)
- Corresponding author
- Singh, Gulab
- ORCID
- Singh, Gulab
- Venue
- Journal of Environmental Management
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2018-07
- Volume
- 217
- Pages
- 499-508
- ISSN
- 0301-4797 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2795584168
- Cited by
- 647
- References
- 96
- Citations by year
- 2026: 60 · 2025: 77 · 2024: 95 · 2023: 102 · 2022: 98 · 2021: 95 · 2020: 76 · 2019: 37 · 2018: 7
- FWCI
- 2.87
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Environmental Management (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- UGC
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Energy › Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment › Algal biology and biofuel production
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Water Science and Technology › Coagulation and Flocculation Studies
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Chemistry › Aquatic Ecosystems and Phytoplankton Dynamics
- Keywords
- microalgae harvesting, solid-liquid separation, coagulation-flocculation, flotation, centrifugation, filtration, biofuels, high-value products, water remediation, harvesting costs
- MeSH terms
- Culture Media, Flocculation, Biomass, Biofuels, Microalgae
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