Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Titrated Extract of Centella asiatica in Phthalic Anhydride-Induced Allergic Dermatitis Animal Model
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has potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. However, its anti-dermatitic effect has not yet been reported. In this study, we investigated the anti-dermatitic effects of titrated extract of Centella asiatica (TECA) in a phthalic anhydride (PA)-induced atopic dermatitis (AD) animal model as well as in vitro model. An AD-like lesion was induced by the topical application of five percent PA to the dorsal skin or ear of Hos:HR-1 mouse. After AD induction, 100 μL of 0.2% and 0.4% of TECA (40 μg or 80 μg/cm²) was spread on the dorsum of the ear or back skin three times a week for four weeks. We evaluated dermatitis severity, histopathological changes and changes in protein expression by Western blotting for inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and NF-κB activity, which were determined by electromobility shift assay (EMSA). We also measured TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IgE concentration in the blood of AD mice by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). TECA treatment attenuated the development of PA-induced atopic dermatitis. Histological analysis showed that TECA inhibited hyperkeratosis, mast cells and infiltration of inflammatory cells. TECA treatment inhibited expression of iNOS and COX-2, and NF-κB activity as well as the release of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IgE. In addition, TECA (1, 2, 5 μg/mL) potently inhibited Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (1 μg/mL)-induced NO production, expression of iNOS and COX-2, and NF-κB DNA binding activities in RAW264.7 macrophage cells. Our data demonstrated that TECA could be a promising agent for AD by inhibition of NF-κB signaling.
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Phytosomal formulations of C. asiatica (0.2-0.4%) in models of atopic dermatitis have shown substantial decreases in IgE, COX-2, iNOS, TNF-α, and mast cell counts through modulation of the NF-κB signaling pathway.
“Studies utilizing phytosomal formulations of C. asiatica (0.2–0.4%) in models of atopic dermatitis have shown substantial decreases in inflammatory markers such as immunoglobulin E (IgE), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and mast cell counts through modulation of the NF-κB signaling pathway (Park et al. 2017).”
From Centella asiatica (L.) Urb. in skin health and cosmeceuticals: mechanisms, clinical evidence, and advanced delivery systems (2025) · cites this paper as Park et al. 2017
The Materials and Methods (section 4.3; page unavailable) describe topical treatment with 0.2% and 0.4% titrated extract of Centella asiatica (TECA), not a phytosomal formulation. The Discussion (section 3; page unavailable) links TECA to reduced IgE, TNF-α, iNOS and COX-2 and attenuated NF-κB activation; the paper also reports fewer mast cells. The reported effects are largely supported, but the formulation attributed to the study is not. (LLM, conf=0.90)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredPhytosomes inhibited NF-κB, COX-2, iNOS, and IgE in dermatitis models.
“as demonstrated by the inhibition of NF-κB, COX-2, iNOS, and IgE in dermatitis models (Park et al. 2017).”
From Centella asiatica (L.) Urb. in skin health and cosmeceuticals: mechanisms, clinical evidence, and advanced delivery systems (2025) · cites this paper as Park et al. 2017
The Results (§2.5–2.7) and Discussion report that titrated Centella asiatica extract (TECA) inhibited NF-κB activity, reduced COX-2 and iNOS expression, and lowered IgE in the dermatitis study. The tested treatment was TECA, not a phytosome formulation, so the citation does not support attributing those effects to phytosomes. (LLM, conf=0.89)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredPhytosome complexes showed added anti-inflammatory effects in atopic and contact dermatitis models.
“Phytosome complexes showed added anti-inflammatory effects in atopic and contact dermatitis models, emphasizing the importance of delivery vehicle–bioactive interactions.”
From Centella asiatica (L.) Urb. in skin health and cosmeceuticals: mechanisms, clinical evidence, and advanced delivery systems (2025) · cites this paper as Park et al. 2017
The Discussion (page not provided) reports that titrated Centella asiatica extract reduced inflammation in a phthalic anhydride-induced atopic dermatitis model. It does not report phytosome complexes, an added effect from a delivery vehicle, or results in a contact dermatitis model. (LLM, conf=0.84)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredPhytosomes complexing madecassoside with phospholipids offer enhanced anti-inflammatory action and better skin permeation.
“Phytosomes, complexing polar bioactives such as madecassoside with phospholipids, offer enhanced anti-inflammatory action and better skin permeation”
From Centella asiatica (L.) Urb. in skin health and cosmeceuticals: mechanisms, clinical evidence, and advanced delivery systems (2025) · cites this paper as Park et al. 2017
The Discussion reports anti-inflammatory effects of a titrated Centella asiatica extract, while the Materials and Methods describe an extract containing asiaticoside, asiatic acid, and madecassic acid—not a madecassoside phytosome. Searches for phytosomes, phospholipid complexes, and improved skin permeation found no passage addressing the claimed formulation or its comparative effects. (LLM, conf=0.76)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
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- Authors
- Park, J., Choi, J., Son, D., Park, E., Song, M., Hellström, M., & Hong, J.
- Affiliations
- Chungbuk National University (KR)
- The Catholic University of Korea Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital (KR)
- University of Gothenburg (SE)
- Corresponding author
- Hong, Jin
- Venue
- International Journal of Molecular Sciences
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2017-03-30
- Volume
- 18
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 738
- ISSN
- 1422-0067 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5412323
- OpenAlex
- W2600159981
- Cited by
- 97
- References
- 48
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 2
- FWCI
- 8.41
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- International Journal of Molecular Sciences (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Research Foundation
- Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy (1415139249, MOTIE, 1415139249)
- Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning (MRC.2008-0062275, 2008-0062275)
- National Research Foundation of Korea (MRC 2008‐0062275, 2008‐0062275)
- Medical Research Council (2008-0062275)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Dermatology › Dermatology and Skin Diseases
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Medicinal Plants and Neuroprotection
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Dermatology › Contact Dermatitis and Allergies
- Keywords
- Centella asiatica, atopic dermatitis, anti-inflammatory activity, NF-κB signaling, inducible nitric oxide synthase, cyclooxygenase-2, mast cells, hyperkeratosis, cytokines, IgE, lipopolysaccharide-induced nitric oxide, macrophages, topical herbal extract
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Cell Line, Interleukins, Macrophages, Phthalic Anhydrides, Plant Extracts, Skin, Triterpenes, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha, NF-kappa B, Dermatitis, Allergic Contact, Centella, Mice, Cyclooxygenase 2, Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II
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