A practical guide for the management of steroid induced hyperglycaemia in the hospital
Open accessAbstract
Glucocorticoids represent frequently recommended and often indispensable immunosuppressant and anti-inflammatory agents prescribed in various medical conditions. Despite their proven efficacy, glucocorticoids bear a wide variety of side effects among which steroid induced hyperglycaemia (SIHG) is among the most important ones. SIHG, potentially causes new-onset hyperglycaemia or exacerbation of glucose control in patients with previously known diabetes. Retrospective data showed that similar to general hyperglycaemia in diabetes, SIHG in the hospital and in outpatient settings detrimentally impacts patient outcomes, including mortality. However, recommendations for treatment targets and guidelines for in-hospital as well as outpatient therapeutic management are lacking, partially due to missing evidence from clinical studies. Still, SIHG caused by various types of glucocorticoids is a common challenge in daily routine and clinical guidance is needed. In this review, we aimed to summarize clinical evidence of SIHG in inpatient care impacting clinical outcome, establishment of diagnosis, diagnostic procedures and therapeutic recommendations.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The prevalence of consistent use of glucocorticoid therapy in hospitalized individuals can approach 10-15%, and these medications can induce hyperglycemia in 56-86% of these individuals with and without preexisting diabetes.
“The prevalence of consistent use of glucocorticoid therapy in hospitalized individuals can approach 10-15%, and these medications can induce hyperglycemia in 56-86% of these individuals with and without preexisting diabetes (124-126).”
From 16. Diabetes Care in the Hospital: Standards of Care in Diabetes—2026 (2026) · cites this paper as [124]
Section 2 (page not available) reports that 70% of hospitalized patients without a history of diabetes developed hyperglycaemia when given relevant glucocorticoid doses. It does not report that 10–15% of hospitalized people consistently use glucocorticoids, or establish a 56–86% hyperglycaemia range for patients both with and without preexisting diabetes. (LLM, conf=0.87)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Dexamethasone in Hospitalized Patients with Covid-19
The RECOVERY Collaborative Group (2021) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa2021436 · Cited by 11,477 · see citing works
Effect of Dexamethasone in Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19 – Preliminary Report
Horby, P., Lim, W. S., Emberson, J., Mafham, M., Bell, J., Linsell, L., Staplin, N., Brightling, C., Ustianowski, A., Elmahi, E., et al. (2020) · doi:10.1101/2020.06.22.20137273 · Cited by 11,475 · cited 2× · see citing works
“Discussion GCs are frequently prescribed as they have been confirmed to potentially improve outcomes in various autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, as well as recently also in COVID 19 [66].”
BackgroundWiersinga, W. J., Rhodes, A., Cheng, A. C., Peacock, S. J., & Prescott, H. C. (2020) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2020.12839 · Cited by 4,609 · see citing works
2. Classification and Diagnosis of Diabetes: <i>Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes—2021</i>
American Diabetes Association (2021) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc21-s002 · Cited by 3,116 · see citing works
Coutinho, A. E., & Chapman, K. E. (2011) · Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.mce.2010.04.005 · Cited by 1,815 · see citing works
Liu, D., Ahmet, A., Ward, L., Krishnamoorthy, P., Mandelcorn, E. D., Leigh, R., Brown, J. P., Cohen, A., & Kim, H. (2013) · Allergy, Asthma & Clinical Immunology · doi:10.1186/1710-1492-9-30 · Cited by 1,268 · see citing works
Umpierrez, G. E., Hellman, R., Korytkowski, M. T., Kosiborod, M., Maynard, G. A., Montori, V. M., Seley, J. J., & Van den Berghe, G. (2012) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2011-2098 · Cited by 1,126 · see citing works
Hypoglycemia and risk of death in critically ill patients
The NICE-SUGAR Study Investigators (2012) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1204942 · Cited by 1,009 · see citing works
Holman, N., Knighton, P., Kar, P., O'Keefe, J., Curley, M., Weaver, A., Barron, E., Bakhai, C., Khunti, K., Wareham, N. J., et al. (2020) · The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/s2213-8587(20)30271-0 · Cited by 908 · see citing works
6. Glycemic Targets: <i>Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes—2021</i>
American Diabetes Association (2021) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc21-s006 · Cited by 847 · see citing works
Hyperglycemia-related mortality in critically ill patients varies with admission diagnosis
Falciglia, M., Freyberg, R. W., Almenoff, P. L., D’Alessio, D. A., & Render, M. L. (2009) · Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1097/ccm.0b013e3181b083f7 · Cited by 576 · see citing works
Glucocorticoid-induced hyperglycemia
Clore, J. N., & Thurby-Hay, L. (2009) · Endocrine Practice · doi:10.4158/ep08331.rar · Cited by 508 · see citing works
Baker, E. H. (2006) · Thorax · doi:10.1136/thx.2005.051029 · Cited by 415 · see citing works
Mechanisms of Glucocorticoid-Induced Insulin Resistance
Geer, E. B., Islam, J., & Buettner, C. (2014) · Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.ecl.2013.10.005 · Cited by 392 · see citing works
Tamez-Pérez, H. E. (2015) · World Journal of Diabetes · doi:10.4239/wjd.v6.i8.1073 · Cited by 387 · see citing works
Diabetes Technology Update: Use of Insulin Pumps and Continuous Glucose Monitoring in the Hospital
Umpierrez, G. E., & Klonoff, D. C. (2018) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dci18-0002 · Cited by 255 · see citing works
Glucocorticoid‐induced hyperglycemia (糖皮质激素诱导的高血糖)
Pérez, A., Jansen‐Chaparro, S., Saigí, I., Bernal-López, M. R., Miñambres, I., & Gómez-Huelgas, R. (2013) · Journal of Diabetes · doi:10.1111/1753-0407.12090 · Cited by 241 · see citing works
Fadini, G. P., Morieri, M. L., Boscari, F., Fioretto, P., Maran, A., Busetto, L., Bonora, B. M., Selmin, E., Arcidiacono, G. P., Pinelli, S., et al. (2020) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108374 · Cited by 235 · see citing works
Glucocorticoid-Induced Diabetes Mellitus: An Important but Overlooked Problem
Suh, S., & Park, M. K. (2017) · Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.3803/enm.2017.32.2.180 · Cited by 229 · see citing works
Hyperglycemia Induced by Glucocorticoids in Nondiabetic Patients: A Meta-Analysis
Liu, X., Zhu, X., Miao, Q., Ye, H., Zhang, Z.-Y., & Li, Y. (2014) · Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism · doi:10.1159/000365892 · Cited by 226 · see citing works
Association Between Hyperglycemia and Survival in Patients With Newly Diagnosed Glioblastoma
Derr, R. L., Ye, X., Islas, M. U., Desideri, S., Saudek, C. D., & Grossman, S. A. (2009) · Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1200/jco.2008.19.1098 · Cited by 225 · see citing works
Risk of Diabetes Associated With Prescribed Glucocorticoids in a Large Population
Gulliford, M. C., Charlton, J., & Latinovic, R. (2006) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc06-1499 · Cited by 211 · see citing works
15. Diabetes Care in the Hospital: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes—2021
American Diabetes Association (2020) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc21-s015 · Cited by 199 · see citing works
Glucocorticoid-Induced Hyperglycemia
Kwon, S., Hermayer, K. L., & Hermayer, K. L. (2013) · The American Journal of the Medical Sciences · doi:10.1097/maj.0b013e31828a6a01 · Cited by 181 · see citing works
Roberts, A., James, J., Dhatariya, K., & Care, T. J. B. D. S. (. F. I. (2018) · Diabetic Medicine · doi:10.1111/dme.13675 · Cited by 158 · see citing works
van Raalte, D. H., van Genugten, R. E., Linssen, M. M. L., Ouwens, D. M., & Diamant, M. (2011) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc10-1677 · Cited by 148 · see citing works
New-onset diabetes mellitus after kidney transplantation: Current status and future directions
Palepu, S. (2015) · World Journal of Diabetes · doi:10.4239/wjd.v6.i3.445 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
The high incidence of steroid-induced hyperglycaemia in hospital
Fong, A. C., & Cheung, N. W. (2013) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2012.12.023 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Steroid-induced hyperglycemia: An underdiagnosed problem or clinical inertia? A narrative review
Bonaventura, A., & Montecucco, F. (2018) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2018.03.006 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Steroid diabetes: from mechanism to treatment?
van Raalte, D. H., & Diamant, M. (2014) · PubMed · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Ali, N. A., O’Brien, J. M., Blum, W. G., Byrd, J. C., Klisovic, R. B., Marcucci, G., Phillips, G. S., Marsh, C. B., Lemeshow, S. A., & Grever, M. R. (2007) · Cancer · doi:10.1002/cncr.22777 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Pernicova, I., Kelly, S., Ajodha, S. J., Sahdev, A., Bestwick, J. P., Gabrovska, P. N., Akanle, O., Ajjan, R., Kola, B., Stadler, M., et al. (2020) · The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/s2213-8587(20)30021-8 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Sampson, M. J., Dozio, N., Ferguson, B., & Dhatariya, K. (2007) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2006.10.004 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Newton, C. A., Smiley, D., Bode, B. W., Kitabchi, A. E., Davidson, P. C., Jacobs, S., Steed, R. D., Stentz, F., Peng, L., Mulligan, P., et al. (2010) · Journal of Hospital Medicine · doi:10.1002/jhm.816 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Gandhi, G. Y., Murad, M. H., Flynn, D. N., Erwin, P. J., Cavalcante, A. B., Nielsen, H. B., Capes, S. E., Thorlund, K., Montori, V. M., & Devereaux, P. J. (2008) · Mayo Clinic Proceedings · doi:10.4065/83.4.418 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Sonabend, R., McKay, S. V., Okcu, M. F., Yan, J., Haymond, M. W., & Margolin, J. (2009) · The Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2009.01.072 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Wu, J., Mackie, S. L., & Pujades‐Rodríguez, M. (2020) · BMJ Open Diabetes Research & Care · doi:10.1136/bmjdrc-2020-001220 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Rayman, G. A., Lumb, A. N., Kennon, B., Cottrell, C., Nagi, D. K., Page, E., Voigt, D., Courtney, H., Atkins, H., Higgins, K., et al. (2020) · Diabetic Medicine · doi:10.1111/dme.14378 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Diabetes Mellitus Secondary to Cushing’s Disease
Barbot, M., Ceccato, F., & Scaroni, C. M. (2018) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2018.00284 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Evans, N. R., & Dhatariya, K. (2012) · Clinical Medicine · doi:10.7861/clinmedicine.12-2-137 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Effective use of thiazolidinediones for the treatment of glucocorticoid-induced diabetes
Willi, S. M., Kennedy, A., Brant, B. P., Wallace, P., Rogers, N. L., & Garvey, W. T. (2002) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/s0168-8227(02)00127-4 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Management of patients on chronic glucocorticoid therapy: an endocrine perspective
Trence, D. (2003) · Primary Care Clinics in Office Practice · doi:10.1016/s0095-4543(03)00038-1 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Optimizing the Treatment of Steroid-Induced Hyperglycemia
Wallace, M. D., & Metzger, N. L. (2017) · Annals of Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1177/1060028017728297 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Metformin prevents metabolic side effects during systemic glucocorticoid treatment
Seelig, E., Meyer, S., Timper, K., Nigro, N., Bally, M. R., Pernicova, I., Schüetz, P., Müller, B., Korbonits, M., & Christ‐Crain, M. (2017) · European Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1530/eje-16-0653 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
New‐onset diabetes after renal transplantation
Tufton, N., Ahmad, S. N. S., Rolfe, C., Rajkariar, R., Byrne, C., & Chowdhury, T. A. (2014) · Diabetic Medicine · doi:10.1111/dme.12534 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Andersen, Y. M. F., Egeberg, A., Ban, L., Gran, S., Williams, H. C., Francis, N. A., Knop, F. K., Gislason, G., Skov, L., & Thyssen, J. P. (2019) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc18-2158 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Steroid-Induced Diabetes: Is It Just Unmasking of Type 2 Diabetes?
Simmons, L. R., Molyneaux, L. M., Yue, D. K., & Chua, E. L. (2012) · ISRN Endocrinology · doi:10.5402/2012/910905 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Steroid-induced hyperglycaemia in primary care
Mills, E., & Devendra, S. (2015) · London Journal of Primary Care · doi:10.1080/17571472.2015.1082344 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Ruiz de Adana, M. S., Colomo, N., Maldonado-Araque, C., Fontalba, M. I., Linares, F., García-Torres, F., Fernández, R., Bautista, C., Olveira, G., de la Cruz, J. L., et al. (2015) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2015.09.015 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
van Genugten, R. E., van Raalte, D. H., Muskiet, M. H. A., Heymans, M. W., Pouwels, P. J. W., Ouwens, D. M., Mari, A., & Diamant, M. (2013) · European Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1530/eje-13-0610 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Thiazolidinediones attenuate lipolysis and ameliorate dexamethasone-induced insulin resistance
He, J., Xu, C. B., Kuang, J., Liu, Q., Jiang, H., Mo, L., Geng, B., & Xu, G. (2015) · Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2015.02.005 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Seggelke, S. A., Gibbs, J., & Draznin, B. (2011) · Journal of Hospital Medicine · doi:10.1002/jhm.874 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Bevier, W. C., Zisser, H. C., Jovanovič, L., Finan, D. A., Palerm, C. C., Seborg, D. E., & Doyle, F. J. (2008) · Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology · doi:10.1177/193229680800200408 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Gerards, M. C., Venema, G., Patberg, K. W., Kross, M., van Loon, B. J. P., Hageman, I. M. G., Snijders, D., Brandjes, D. P. M., Hoekstra, J. B. L., Vriesendorp, T. M., et al. (2018) · Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism · doi:10.1111/dom.13209 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Radhakutty, A., Stranks, J. L., Mangelsdorf, B. L., Drake, S. M., Roberts, G. W., Zimmermann, A. T., Stranks, S. N., Thompson, C. H., & Burt, M. G. (2017) · Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism · doi:10.1111/dom.12859 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
II. Does dexamethasone-induced hyperglycaemia contribute to postoperative morbidity and mortality?
Dhatariya, K. (2013) · British Journal of Anaesthesia · doi:10.1093/bja/aet010 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Dhatariya, K., James, J., Kong, M., Berrington, R., & the Joint British Diabetes Society (JBDS) for Inpatient Care Group and guidelines writing group (2020) · Diabetic Medicine · doi:10.1111/dme.14304 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Zenz, S., Mader, J. K., Regittnig, W., Brunner, M., Korsatko, S., Boulgaropoulos, B., Magnes, C., Raml, R., Narath, S. H., Eller, P., et al. (2018) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2017-01836 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Self-citationStauber, M. N., Aberer, F., Oulhaj, A., Mader, J. K., Zebisch, A., Pieber, T. R., Neumeister, P., Greinix, H., Sill, H., Sourij, H., et al. (2017) · Transplantation and Cellular Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.bbmt.2017.03.010 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Self-citationKhowaja, A. A., Alkhaddo, J. B., Rana, Z., & Fish, L. H. (2018) · Diabetes Therapy · doi:10.1007/s13300-018-0468-3 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Ali, N. A., O’Brien, J. M., Blum, W. G., Klisovic, R. B., Marcucci, G., Phillips, G. S., Marsh, C. B., Lemeshow, S. A., Byrd, J. C., & Grever, M. R. (2006) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood.v108.11.5515.5515 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Should inpatient hyperglycaemia be treated?
Dhatariya, K. (2013) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.f134 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Sinclair, A. J., Dashora, U. K., George, S., Dhatariya, K., & JBDS‐IP Writing Group (2020) · Diabetic Medicine · doi:10.1111/dme.14341 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Dashora, U. K., & Taylor, R. (2004) · Diabetic Medicine · doi:10.1046/j.1464-5491.2003.01026_21_3.x-i1 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Aberer, F., Mader, J. K., Holzgruber, J., Trummer, C., Theiler‐Schwetz, V., Pandis, M., Pferschy, P. N., Greinix, H. T., Tripolt, N. J., Pieber, T. R., et al. (2018) · Journal of Diabetes Investigation · doi:10.1111/jdi.12919 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Self-citationImatoh, T., Sai, K., Hori, K., Segawa, K., Kawakami, J., Kimura, M., & Saito, Y. (2017) · Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics · doi:10.1111/jcpt.12499 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Hyperglycemia, glucocorticoid therapy, and outcome of COVID-19
Morieri, M. L., Fadini, G. P., Boscari, F., Fioretto, P., Maran, A., Busetto, L., Crepaldi, M. C., Vedovato, M., Bonora, B. M., Selmin, E., et al. (2020) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108449 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Diabetesmanagement im Krankenhaus (Update 2019)
Mader, J. K., Aberer, F., Brix, J. M., Föger, B., Hochfellner, D. A., Kietaibl, A.-T., Ludvik, B., Resl, M., Ress-Winkel, C., Stechemesser, L., et al. (2019) · Wiener klinische Wochenschrift · doi:10.1007/s00508-019-1447-z · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Self-citationLi, G. (2020) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108441 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Aberer, F., Kremser, S., Mader, J. K., Zinke-Cerwenka, W., Greinix, H., Tripolt, N. J., Pieber, T. R., Zebisch, A., Sill, H., Oulhaj, A., et al. (2017) · Diabetes & Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.diabet.2017.02.001 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Self-citationCo-Managing Patients with Type 1 Diabetes and Cancer
Best, C. J., Thosani, S., Ortiz, M. R., Levesque, C. A., Varghese, S. S., & Lavis, V. R. (2016) · Current Diabetes Reports · doi:10.1007/s11892-016-0766-y · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
1 of the 72 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Korytkowski, M. T., Muniyappa, R., Antinori-Lent, K., Donihi, A. C., Drincic, A. T., Hirsch, I. B., Luger, A., McDonnell, M. E., Murad, M. H., Nielsen, C., et al. (2022) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/clinem/dgac278 · Cited by 315 · see citing works
Treating the Side Effects of Exogenous Glucocorticoids; Can We Separate the Good From the Bad ?
Pofi, R., Caratti, G., Ray, D. W., & Tomlinson, J. (2023) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/endrev/bnad016 · Cited by 225 · see citing works
16. Diabetes Care in the Hospital: Standards of Care in Diabetes—2025
ElSayed, N. A., McCoy, R. G., Aleppo, G., Balapattabi, K., Beverly, E. A., Early, K. B., Bruemmer, D., Echouffo-Tcheugui, J. B., Ekhlaspour, L., Galindo, R. J., et al. (2024) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc25-s016 · Cited by 225 · see citing works
16. Diabetes Care in the Hospital: Standards of Care in Diabetes—2026
American Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee for Diabetes*, Bajaj, M., McCoy, R. G., Balapattabi, K., Bannuru, R. R., Bellini, N. J., Bennett, A. K., Beverly, E. A., Briggs Early, K., ChallaSivaKanaka, S., et al. (2026) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc26-s016 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Glucocorticoid-Induced Hyperglycemia: A Neglected Problem
Cho, J.-H., & Suh, S. (2024) · Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.3803/enm.2024.1951 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Diabetes and the associated complications: The role of antioxidants in diabetes therapy and care
Dilworth, L., Stennett, D., Facey, A., Omoruyi, F. O., Mohansingh, S., & Omoruyi, F. O. (2024) · Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2024.117641 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Deledda, A., Palmas, V., Heidrich, V., Fosci, M., Lombardo, M., Cambarau, G., Lai, A., Melis, M., Loi, E., Loviselli, A., et al. (2022) · Metabolites · doi:10.3390/metabo12111092 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Sick day management in children and adolescents with diabetes
Phelan, H., Hanås, R., Hofer, S. E., James, S., Landry, A., Lee, W., Wood, J., & Ethel Codner, D. (2022) · Pediatric Diabetes · doi:10.1111/pedi.13415 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Jain, A. B., & Lai, V. (2024) · Diabetes Therapy · doi:10.1007/s13300-024-01628-0 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Olsen, M. T., Dungu, A. M., Klarskov, C. K., Jensen, A. K., Lindegaard, B., & Kristensen, P. L. (2022) · BMC Pulmonary Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12890-022-01874-7 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Insulin resistance and cancer: molecular links and clinical perspectives
Caturano, A., Erul, E., Nilo, R., Nilo, D., Russo, V., Rinaldi, L., Acierno, C., Gemelli, M. T., Ricotta, R., Sasso, F. C., et al. (2025) · Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry · doi:10.1007/s11010-025-05245-8 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
The Chronobiology of Hormone Administration: “Doctor, What Time Should I Take My Medication?”
Colonnello, E., Graziani, A., Rossetti, R., Voltan, G., Masi, D., Lubrano, C., Mariani, S., Watanabe, M., Isidori, A. M., Ferlin, A., et al. (2025) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/endrev/bnaf013 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Patient-Centered Diabetes Care of Cancer Patients
Kotwal, A., Cheung, Y.-M. M., Cromwell, G. E., Drincic, A., Leblebjian, H., Quandt, Z., Rushakoff, R. J., & McDonnell, M. E. (2021) · Current Diabetes Reports · doi:10.1007/s11892-021-01435-y · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Dedov, I. I., Mokrysheva, N. G., Shestakova, M. V., Nikonova, T. V., Mayorov, A. Y., Galstyan, G. R., Shamhalova, M. S., Барышева, В. О., As, A., Antsiferov, M. B., et al. (2022) · Diabetes Mellitus · doi:10.14341/dm12873 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Geraldes, C., Roque, A. I., Sarmento‐Ribeiro, A. B., Neves, M. L., Ionita, A., Gerivaz, R., Tomé, A., Afonso, S., Silveira, M. P., Sousa, P., et al. (2024) · Frontiers in Oncology · doi:10.3389/fonc.2024.1282300 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Insulin dosing and glycemic outcomes among steroid-treated hospitalized patients
Bajaj, M. A., Zale, A. D., Morgenlander, W. R., Abusamaan, M. S., & Mathioudakis, N. (2022) · Endocrine Practice · doi:10.1016/j.eprac.2022.05.002 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Navigating Insulin Options for Diabetes Management
Rafi, E., Tranchito, L. J., & Hatipoğlu, B. (2024) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/clinem/dgae790 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Glucocorticoid‐induced hyperglycaemia in hospitalised adults: A matched cohort study (2013–2023)
Golubić, R., Mumbole, H., Coleman, R. L., Rea, R. D., Mathur, R., Caleyachetty, R., & Adler, A. (2025) · Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism · doi:10.1111/dom.16378 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Glucocorticoid‐induced hyperglycaemia and diabetes: Call for action
Golubić, R., Caleyachetty, R., Barber, T. M., & Adler, A. (2022) · Diabetic Medicine · doi:10.1111/dme.14843 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Is It Time for a New Algorithm for the Pharmacotherapy of Steroid-Induced Diabetes?
Ostrowska-Czyżewska, A., Zgliczyński, W., Papierska, L., & Mrozikiewicz‐Rakowska, B. (2024) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm13195801 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Vandana, P., Nanda, A., Muralikrishna, D., Ponduru, S., Renganathan, V., & Gopinath, R. (2023) · Indian Journal of Anaesthesia · doi:10.4103/ija.ija_275_23 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Bereda, G. (2023) · Annals of Medicine and Surgery · doi:10.1097/ms9.0000000000000341 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Mahin, D., Lavasani, S. M., Cristobal, L., Patel, N. T., Sedrak, M. S., Stewart, D. B., Waisman, J. R., Yuan, Y., Yu, W., Samoa, R. A., et al. (2023) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm12051906 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Toyoshima, M. T. K., Cukier, P., de Souza, A. B. C., Pereira, J. C., Hoff, A. O., & Nery, M. (2022) · Einstein (São Paulo) · doi:10.31744/einstein_journal/2022ao8031 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Uyaroğlu, O. A., Ruža, I., Škrha, J., Patoulias, D., Bevc, S., Bojadjiev, B. I., Gómez‐Huelgas, R., Bojunga, J., Leśniak, W., Carretero‐Gómez, J., et al. (2024) · European Journal of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ejim.2024.11.018 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
3D printed tablets for personalised dose titration of prednisone using selective laser sintering
Zheng, Z., Krueger, L., Harrop, A. C. F., Ross, B. P., Popat, A., & Miles, J. A. (2025) · International Journal of Pharmaceutics · doi:10.1016/j.ijpharm.2025.125698 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Morikawa, L. L., Nery, M., & Toyoshima, M. T. K. (2026) · Endocrine Practice · doi:10.1016/j.eprac.2026.01.024 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Marino, E. C., Momesso, D., Toyoshima, M. T. K., de Almeida, M. F. O., Schaan, B. D., Negretto, L. A. F., Junior, A. C. S., Cukier, P., Genestreti, P., Feitosa, A. C. R., et al. (2025) · Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome · doi:10.1186/s13098-025-01585-z · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Kim, J. S., Chun, B. C., & Lee, K. H. (2024) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2024.1417236 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Incidence and Predictors of Dysglycemia in Intensive Care Unit Patients: A Cohort Study
Nielsen, C. G., Olsen, M. T., Pedersen‐Bjergaard, U., Schønemann‐Lund, M., Johansson, P. I., Kristensen, P. L., & Bestle, M. H. (2025) · Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/aas.70149 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Abdullah, K. M., Sharma, G., Anjum, B., Alam, M. F., Yadav, S., Singh, Y., Sinha, R. A., Venkatesh, V., Siddiqui, J. A., & Chakravarti, B. (2026) · Molecular Aspects of Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.mam.2026.101458 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Secondary causes of diabetes: a crossroad of endocrinology and oncology
Hee, N. K. Y., Lim, Q. H., Khunti, K. K., Ooi, Y., Yen, I., Saad, M. B., Ekinci, E. I., Li, H., Vethakkan, S. R., Chan, J. C. N., et al. (2026) · The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/s2213-8587(26)00027-6 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Effectiveness of Vasopressin Against Cardiac Arrest: A Systematic Review of Systematic Reviews
Ho, J. K.-M., Tam, H. L., & Leung, L. Y. L. (2024) · Cardiovascular Drugs and Therapy · doi:10.1007/s10557-024-07571-3 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Ambery, P., Zajac, G., Almquist, J., Prothon, S., Astbury, C., Brown, M. N., Nemes, S., Nsabimana, J., Edman, K., Öberg, L., et al. (2024) · British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology · doi:10.1111/bcp.16082 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Салухов, В. В., Minakov, A. A., Sharypova, T. G., Kononova, A. A., & Surkhaeva, V. A. (2022) · Diabetes Mellitus · doi:10.14341/dm12856 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Katz, A., Shulkin, A., Housni, A., Roy‐Fleming, A., Rabasa‐Lhoret, R., Yale, J., Tsoukas, M. A., Peters, T. M., & Brazeau, A. (2026) · Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism · doi:10.1111/dom.70465 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
“27,28 Beyond pharmacology, clinical context strongly influences glycae-mic response.”
Pancreatic Cancer and Diabetes: Insights, Hypotheses, and Next Steps
Hill, J. L. E., Hill, T. G., Parslow, D., & Hill, D. J. (2025) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms262110245 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Rameshi, Y., Dashti‐Khavidaki, S., Rabizadeh, S., Alimadadi, M., Moradi, A., Kasraianfard, A., Jafarian, A., & Ahmadinejad, Z. (2025) · Endocrinology Diabetes & Metabolism · doi:10.1002/edm2.70107 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Klowak, M., & Boggild, A. K. (2023) · Frontiers in Nutrition · doi:10.3389/fnut.2023.1196470 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Corticosteroid-induced hyperglycemia
Ferreira, Y. B., Neto, J. D. R. B. J., Filho, F. B. D., Vasconcelos, F. A. S., Mesquita, R. O., Campelo, A. P. B. S., & Campelo, M. W. S. (2024) · Research Society and Development · doi:10.33448/rsd-v13i1.44900 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Drugs and chemical substances inducing diabetes - review of the literature
Oleksa, P., Żuraw, D., Jasiński, K., Sobczyk, M., Porzak, M., Sodolska, A., & Haczkur-Pawłowska, K. (2024) · Prospects in Pharmaceutical Sciences · doi:10.56782/pps.183 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Palliative management of type 2 diabetes mellitus in patients with advanced cancer
Weerasinghe, A., Good, P. D., Stokes, C., Chen, J., & Gurgenci, T. (2025) · Australian Journal of General Practice · doi:10.31128/ajgp-01-25-7522 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Uchihara, M., Kodani, N., Bouchi, R., Saito, S., Miyazato, Y., Sugimoto, H., Umamoto, K., Kobayashi, M., Ihana‐Sugiyama, N., Ohsugi, M., et al. (2022) · Global Health & Medicine · doi:10.35772/ghm.2022.01053 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Jędrasek, A., Lisowska, K., & Czupryniak, L. (2026) · Frontiers in Clinical Diabetes and Healthcare · doi:10.3389/fcdhc.2026.1772391 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Fornwald, C. R., Tuttle, N., & Murphy, J. A. (2023) · Journal of Pharmacy Technology · doi:10.1177/87551225231156329 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Zanfardino, A., Bruzzi, P., Trada, M., Rapini, N., Laudani, E., Tornese, G., Ortolani, F., Piccolo, G., Matonti, L., Saltarelli, M. A., et al. (2024) · Pediatric Hematology and Oncology · doi:10.1080/08880018.2023.2295454 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Prandial Insulins: A Person-Centered Choice
Attri, B., Nagendra, L., Dutta, D., Shetty, S., Shaikh, S. S., Kalra, S., & Bhattacharya, S. (2024) · Current Diabetes Reports · doi:10.1007/s11892-024-01540-8 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Tang, Y., Zhang, J., Wang, Z., & Dong, X. (2025) · Chemical Biology & Drug Design · doi:10.1111/cbdd.70032 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Diabetes mellitus: what the neurologists need to know
Stephens, J. W., Williams, D. M., & Chudleigh, R. A. (2022) · Practical Neurology · doi:10.1136/pn-2022-003395 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Hoshino, R., Wakaizumi, K., Otsuka, Y., Morisaki, H., & Kosugi, S. (2022) · Journal of Anesthesia · doi:10.1007/s00540-022-03160-6 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Diabetogenic liver metastasis from pancreatic cancer: a case report
Kiritani, S., Ono, Y., Takamatsu, M., Oba, A., Sato, T., Ito, H., Inoue, Y., & Takahashi, Y. (2022) · Surgical Case Reports · doi:10.1186/s40792-022-01582-8 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Chua, W. Y., Chew, N., Iyer, S. C., Goh, R. J. L., Koh, W. R. R., Vu, H. L., Yap, Q. V., Samuel, M., Soong, J. T. Y., & Cove, M. E. (2024) · Annals of the Academy of Medicine Singapore · doi:10.47102/annals-acadmedsg.2024159 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Inpatient Glucocorticoid-Induced Hyperglycemia
Paul, E., & Brooks, D. (2023) · Contemporary Endocrinology · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-44648-1_12 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Ketaroonrut, N., Kiertiburanakul, S., & Sriphrapradang, C. (2024) · SAGE Open Medicine · doi:10.1177/20503121241238148 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Antunes, D. E., dos Santos, D. F., Thomazelli, J. A., Leite, C. M., & Goulart, I. M. B. (2024) · PLoS neglected tropical diseases · doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0012298 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Regular Insulin Versus NPH Insulin for Continuous Enteral Tube Feeding in Hospitalized Patients
Kalangi, S. T., Bokka, S. M., Anand, S., & Garg, R. (2025) · Clinical Diabetes · doi:10.2337/cd24-0103 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Qiu, S., Tang, H., & Jiang, G. (2025) · International Journal of Diabetes in Developing Countries · doi:10.1007/s13410-025-01592-w · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Steroid-Induced Hyperglycaemia in a Patient With Possible Body Dissatisfaction: A Case Report
Ohakpougwu, C. E., Bebobru, W. M., & Labram, E. K. (2025) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.99776 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Modeling the spectrum of type 2 diabetes in mice
Grieco-St-Pierre, L., Hoyeck, M. P., Estall, J. L., & Bruin, J. E. (2026) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/endocr/bqag005 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Glucocorticoid‐Induced Hyperglycaemia in Hospital: The Insulin Dose Matters Most
Burt, M. G., Khalili, F., Radhakutty, A., & Chen, A. (2026) · Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism · doi:10.1111/dom.70756 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Zbârcea, C. E., Marineci, C., Valeanu, A., Chiriţă, C., & Șeremet, O. C. (2026) · Diabetology · doi:10.3390/diabetology7060108 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Zhang, H., Duan, X., Zheng, W., Guo, M., Huang, L., & Qu, M. (2026) · The Cerebellum · doi:10.1007/s12311-026-02087-y · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Andere spezifische Diabetesformen und exokrine Pankreasinsuffizienz (Update 2023)
Kaser, S., Hofer, S. E., Kazemi-Shirazi, L., Festa, A., Winhofer, Y., Sourij, H., Brath, H., Riedl, M., Resl, M., Clodi, M., et al. (2023) · Wiener klinische Wochenschrift · doi:10.1007/s00508-022-02123-x · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Self-citationSarriyah, J. F., Alghamdi, A., Al-Otaibi, N. M., Abdulrahman, B. B., & Aljaed, K. M. (2024) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.54430 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Liriano, M. M., Hageboeck, K., Colantonio, M. A., Alawad, S., & Thayer, J. (2024) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.56917 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Modifying Type of Insulin to Manage Steroid-Induced Hyperglycemia: A Case Report
Pollock, F. (2023) · AACN Advanced Critical Care · doi:10.4037/aacnacc2023222 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Steroid Toxicity in Immune Thrombocytopenia – A Series of Unfortunate Events: A Case Report
Chattopadhyay, D., Puthalath, A. S., & Nath, U. K. (2023) · EMJ Hematology · doi:10.33590/emjhematol/10307003 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Mortimer, J. E., Mahin, D., Lavasani, S. M., Cristobal, L., Patel, N. T., Sedrak, M. S., Stewart, D. B., Waisman, J. R., Yuan, Y., Yu, W., et al. (2022) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-1582338/v1 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Clinical characteristics and managing type 2 diabetes during the COVID-19
Risović, I., Djekic, D., Vuković, B., & Vlatković, V. (2022) · Clinical Diabetology · doi:10.5603/dk.a2022.0010
Dutta, S., Maulik, S. G., & Nayak, J. (2022) · PARIPEX-INDIAN JOURNAL OF RESEARCH · doi:10.36106/gjra/0200127
A Comprehensive Review of Anti-Diabetic Drugs in COVID-19 Patients Co-morbidities with Diabetes
Baburaj, N., Subramani, K. D., Seenivasan, S. P., & Panneerselvam, A. (2022) · International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Review and Research · doi:10.47583/ijpsrr.2022.v75i02.010
Glukokortikoidassoziierte Nebenwirkungen - Prävention und Management
Sewing, L., Meier, C., Sendi, P., & Christ, E. (2022) · Primary and hospital care médecine interne générale · doi:10.4414/phc-f.2022.10495
Glukokortikoidassoziierte Nebenwirkungen - Prävention und Management
Sewing, L., Meier, C., Sendi, P., & Christ, E. (2022) · Primary and Hospital Care Allgemeine Innere Medizin · doi:10.4414/phc-d.2022.10495
Prevention of Adverse Outcomes and Treatment Side Effects in Patients with Neuromuscular Disorders
Grover, K. M., & Sripathi, N. (2022) · Seminars in Neurology · doi:10.1055/s-0042-1758779
DM Tipe II Terinfeksi COVID-19 dengan Hiperglikemia yang Sulit Terkendali Pasca Hipoglikemia
Angela, K. A. P., & Juliana, I. M. (2022) · UMI Medical Journal · doi:10.33096/umj.v7i1.142
Zhelyabina, O. V., Елисеев, М. С., & Chikina, M. N. (2023) · Obesity and metabolism · doi:10.14341/omet12818
Part II : Interactive case: Drug‐induced endocrine disorders
Donihi, A. C. (2023) · JACCP JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CLINICAL PHARMACY · doi:10.1002/jac5.1813
Thomazelli, J. A., dos Santos, D. F., Leite, C. M., Goulart, I. M. B., & Antunes, D. E. (2023) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-3311203/v1
Hiperglicemia asociada al uso de corticoides en pacientes con COVID-19
Camacho‐Saavedra, L. A., Ramal-Aguilar, H. A., & Casamayor-Quipuzcoa, J. A. (2023) · Boletín de la Sociedad Peruana de Medicina Interna/Revista de la Sociedad Peruana de Medicina Interna · doi:10.36393/spmi.v36i3.776
Diabetes Care in the Oncologic Population
Presswala, L. S., Farooki, A., & Flory, J. (2023) · Contemporary Endocrinology · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-44648-1_24
SARS-CoV-2 Infection Related Hyperglycemia during hospitalization and three months post-dischargePreprint
Hosseini, M., Rashid, R., Homayoun, K., Hemmatabadi, M., Ghaderkhani, S., Sohrabi, M., Salami, A., & Ghiasvand, F. (2024) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-4156205/v1
Prasanna, V., & Venketesan, R. (2024) · Journal of Diabetology · doi:10.4103/jod.jod_40_23
Leal, J., Wesson, W., Rodriguez, L., Gray, J., Bosak, K., McGuirk, J. P., & Grdinovac, K. (2024) · Transplantation Reports · doi:10.1016/j.tpr.2024.100162
Kato, A., Fuwa, M., Asano, M., Mori, I., Iida, S., Okada, H., Uno, Y., Fujioka, K., & Morita, H. (2024) · Internal Medicine Journal · doi:10.1111/imj.16547
Manejo de hiperglicemia inducida por corticoides en pacientes hospitalizados y ambulatorios
Acosta, M. L. C., & García, K. J. G. (2024) · doi:10.36015/cambios.v23.n2.2024.981
Glycemic Control in the Intensive Care Unit
Grucz, T. M., DiCesare, M. A., & Sugrue, D. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-77335-8_52
Lee, S. E., Park, J., Kim, D., Lee, H.-A., Kang, Y. S., Yoon, Y.-S., Jeong, Y. J., Choi, H. S., & Kim, K. (2025) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines13051101
Choi, H., Cho, Y. H., Lee, M. J., Yun, J., Lee, H., & Park, I. (2025) · Nephrology · doi:10.1111/nep.70063
Krutkyte, G., Banholzer, N., Herzig, D., & Bally, L. (2025) · Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1089/dia.2025.0248
Risiko der Entwicklung einer Hyperglykämie unter einer Kortisontherapie im Krankenhaus
Jecht, M. (2025) · Die Diabetologie · doi:10.1007/s11428-025-01360-8
Glucocorticoids from a pathophysiological perspective
Pešková, Š., Bernášková, K., & David, J. (2025) · Česko-slovenská pediatrie · doi:10.55095/cspediatrie2025/031
Ayub, M., Hameed, I., Siddiqi, A. I., & Naveed, M. H. (2025) · Indus journal of bioscience research. · doi:10.70749/ijbr.v3i6.1996
Neuroanesthesia and coexistent diabetes mellitus
Krovko, Y., Kulikov, A. S., & Bilotta, F. (2025) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-22273-3.00046-8
Hugo, Z. (2025) · South African Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1080/16070658.2025.2561446
Baer, L. K., Omoregie, C., Oley, F., Carlisle, R., Luszcak, C., Blanchette, J. E., Lewis, C. J., Gallogly, M. M., & Mazanec, S. R. (2025) · Supportive Care in Cancer · doi:10.1007/s00520-025-10052-4
Demırbakan, K., & Gönel, A. (2025) · Uludağ Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi · doi:10.32708/uutfd.1730208
Segura-Nuez, J. C., Martínez-Delgado, F., Aldabas, S., & Caballero-Burbano, M. J. (2026) · Revista Española de Cirugía Ortopédica y Traumatología · doi:10.1016/j.recot.2026.02.005
Teoria de médio alcance do risco de autogestão ineficaz do padrão de glicemia na hemodiálise
Ferreira, L. D. L., Martins, C. C. G., Nunes, L. H. D. S., de Araújo, A. F. L., Fernandes, M. I. D. C. D., & Lira, A. L. B. D. C. (2026) · Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem · doi:10.1590/0034-7167-2024-0548pt
Middle-range theory of the risk for ineffective glucose pattern self-management in hemodialysis
Ferreira, L. D. L., Martins, C. C. G., Nunes, L. H. D. S., de Araújo, A. F. L., Fernandes, M. I. D. C. D., & Lira, A. L. B. D. C. (2026) · Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem · doi:10.1590/0034-7167-2024-0548
Low‐value glucose monitoring in noncritically ill hospitalized patients
Latifi, N., Mathioudakis, N. N., Abusamaan, M. S., Tschudy, M. M., Ma, J., Olson, S., Jouaneh, T. M. M., Yang, A., & Brotman, D. J. (2026) · Journal of Hospital Medicine · doi:10.1002/jhm.70319
- Authors
- Aberer, F., Hochfellner, D. A., Sourij, H., & Mader, J. K.
- Affiliations
- Medical University of Graz (AT)
- Corresponding author
- Sourij, Harald
- Venue
- Journal of Clinical Medicine
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2021-05-16
- Volume
- 10
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 2154
- ISSN
- 2077-0383 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC8157052
- OpenAlex
- W3163132739
- Cited by
- 110
- References
- 72
- Citations by year
- 2026: 24 · 2025: 25 · 2024: 24 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 21 · 2021: 1
- FWCI
- 2.38
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Clinical Medicine (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Hyperglycemia and glycemic control in critically ill and hospitalized patients
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Treatment and Management
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
- Keywords
- glucocorticoids, hyperglycemia management, diabetes mellitus, inpatient care, glycemic control, mortality, treatment goals
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
