Chronotype is independently associated with glycemic control in type 2 diabetes
Open accessAbstract
OBJECTIVE: To examine whether chronotype and daily caloric distribution are associated with glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes independently of sleep disturbances. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Patients with type 2 diabetes had a structured interview and completed questionnaires to collect information on diabetes history and habitual sleep duration, quality, and timing. Shift workers were excluded. A recently validated construct derived from mid-sleep time on weekends was used as an indicator of chronotype. One-day food recall was used to compute the temporal distribution of caloric intake. Hierarchical linear regression analyses controlling for demographic and sleep variables were computed to determine whether chronotype was associated with HbA1c values and whether this association was mediated by a higher proportion of caloric intake at dinner. RESULTS: We analyzed 194 completed questionnaires. Multiple regression analyses adjusting for age, sex, race, BMI, insulin use, depressed mood, diabetes complications, and perceived sleep debt found that chronotype was significantly associated with glycemic control (P = 0.001). This association was partially mediated by a greater percentage of total daily calories consumed at dinner. CONCLUSIONS: Later chronotype and larger dinner were associated with poorer glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes independently of sleep disturbances. These results suggest that chronotype may be predictive of disease outcomes and lend further support to the role of the circadian system in metabolic regulation.
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In an earlier study, later chronotype and having a large dinner were associated with poorer glycemic control independently of sleep disturbances.
“In an earlier study, later chronotype and having a large dinner were associated with poorer glycemic control independently of sleep disturbances (133).”
From Chronotype: Implications for Epidemiologic Studies on Chrono-Nutrition and Cardiometabolic Health (2019) · cites this paper as [133]
Social jetlag has been linked to measures of adiposity, heart rate, and higher cortisol levels in healthy individuals, and to higher glycated hemoglobin levels in patients with type 2 diabetes.
“SJL has been linked to measures of adiposity (11,15,16), heart rate (16,17), and higher cortisol levels in healthy individuals (16) and to higher glycated hemoglobin levels in patients with type 2 diabetes (18).”
From Social jetlag, chronotype, and cardiometabolic risk (2015) · cites this paper as [18]
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- Authors
- Reutrakul, S., Hood, M. M., Crowley, S. J., Morgan, M. K., Teodori, M., Knutson, K. L., & Van Cauter, E.
- Affiliations
- Rush University Medical Center (US)
- University of Chicago (US)
- Section of Adult and Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, and Sleep, Metabolism and Health Center Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
- Corresponding author
- Reutrakul, Sirimon
- Venue
- Diabetes Care
- Publisher
- American Diabetes Association
- Published
- 2013-08-13
- Volume
- 36
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 2523-2529
- ISSN
- 0149-5992 (ISSN-L)
- 1935-5548
- PMC
- PMC3747872
- OpenAlex
- W2054465353
- Cited by
- 285
- References
- 34
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 22 · 2024: 22 · 2023: 25 · 2022: 22 · 2021: 32 · 2020: 18 · 2019: 26 · 2018: 24 · 2017: 21 · 2016: 21 · 2015: 21 · 2014: 16 · 2013: 4
- FWCI
- 11.17
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Diabetes Care (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (P30DK092949)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Circadian rhythm and melatonin
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue
- Keywords
- chronotype, type 2 diabetes, glycemic control, HbA1c, circadian rhythm, sleep timing, circadian system, metabolic regulation
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Blood Glucose, Energy Intake, Circadian Rhythm, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Female, Glycated Hemoglobin, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Surveys and Questionnaires, Sleep, Young Adult
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