Cited by 1,485Gut microbiota and healthProbiotics and Fermented FoodsOral microbiology and periodontitis research

An insight into gut microbiota and its functionalities

Open access
Adak, Atanu, Khan, Mojibur R.·2019·Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences

Abstract

Gut microbiota has evolved along with their hosts and is an integral part of the human body. Microbiota acquired at birth develops in parallel as the host develops and maintains its temporal stability and diversity through adulthood until death. Recent developments in genome sequencing technologies, bioinformatics and culturomics have enabled researchers to explore the microbiota and in particular their functions at more detailed level than before. The accumulated evidences suggest that though a part of the microbiota is conserved, the dynamic members vary along the gastrointestinal tract, from infants to elderly, primitive tribes to modern societies and in different health conditions. Though the gut microbiota is dynamic, it performs some basic functions in the immunological, metabolic, structural and neurological landscapes of the human body. Gut microbiota also exerts significant influence on both physical and mental health of an individual. An in-depth understanding of the functioning of gut microbiota has led to some very exciting developments in therapeutics, such as prebiotics, probiotics, drugs and faecal transplantation leading to improved health.

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Crossref · 10.1007/s00018-018-2943-4

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180 of 180 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

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  • Psychobiotics, encompassing probiotics, prebiotics, and postbiotics, have been shown to modulate the gut microbiota, stimulate the development of beneficial bacteria, and alleviate conditions linked to gut dysbiosis, such as depression and anxiety.

    “Supported by a body of studies (19, 32, 41–43), psychobiotics have been shown to modulate the gut microbiota, stimulate the development of beneficial bacteria, and alleviate conditions linked to gut dysbiosis, such as depression and anxiety.”
  • Through the synthesis of neurotransmitters like serotonin, gamma-aminobutyric acid, and dopamine, psychobiotics contribute to mood regulation and stress response, potentially alleviating depressive and anxious feelings.

    “Through the synthesis of neurotransmitters like serotonin, gamma-aminobutyric acid, and dopamine, psychobiotics contribute to mood regulation and stress response, potentially alleviating depressive and anxious feelings.”
  • Psychobiotics impact the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, reducing stress hormone levels and promoting mental well-being.

    “Psychobiotics impact the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, reducing stress hormone levels and promoting mental well-being.”
  • Psychobiotics may enhance synaptic plasticity, neurotrophic factor production, and maintain the blood-brain barrier's integrity, positively impacting learning, memory retention, and brain health.

    “Psychobiotics may enhance synaptic plasticity, neurotrophic factor production, and maintain the blood–brain barrier’s integrity, positively impacting learning, memory retention, and brain health.”

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Authors
Adak, A., & Khan, M. R.
Affiliations
Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology (IN)
Corresponding author
Khan, Mojibur R.
Venue
Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences
Published
2018-10-13
Volume
76
Issue
3
Pages
473-493
ISSN
  • 1420-682X (ISSN-L)
  • 1420-9071
OpenAlex
W2896269751
Cited by
1,485
References
181
Citations by year
2026: 191 · 2025: 393 · 2024: 372 · 2023: 232 · 2022: 176 · 2021: 90 · 2020: 22 · 2019: 8 · 2017: 1
FWCI
2.94
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
Department of Science and Technology, India (under Unit of Excellence Project (BT/550/NE/U-Excel/2014))
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Probiotics and Fermented Foods
  • Health Sciences › Dentistry › Periodontics › Oral microbiology and periodontitis research
Keywords
gut microbiota, microbiome diversity, microbiota dynamics, gastrointestinal tract, host immunity, host metabolism, prebiotics, probiotics, microbiota-based therapy, fecal microbiota transplantation, culturomics
MeSH terms
Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Humans, Symbiosis, Computational Biology, Gastrointestinal Tract

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