Developmental analyses of social play behavior in juvenile rats
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When play is highly motivated following social isolation and the play bout is short, there are no consistent sex differences in the structure of or time spent engaged in play.
“When play is highly motivated, as is the case following periods of social isolation, and the play bout is short, there are no consistent sex differences in the structure of or time spent engaged in play (Panksepp & Beatty, 1980; Panksepp, 1981; Thor & Holloway, 1984).”
From Developmental origins of sex differences in the neural circuitry of play (2020) · cites this paper as Thor & Holloway, 1984
The Procedures section says social isolation increases play fighting and that sex differences in measures of play fighting appear generally nonrobust. It does not establish that, specifically in short play bouts after isolation, males and females show no consistent differences in play structure or time spent playing. (LLM, conf=0.83)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredUnder some rearing and testing conditions, male rats initiate more nape attacks.
“under some rearing and testing conditions, males initiate more nape attacks (Thor and Holloway, 1984)”
From The rough-and-tumble play of rats as a natural behavior suitable for studying the social brain (2022) · cites this paper as Thor and Holloway, 1984
In “WHEN DOES PLAY FIGHTING BEGIN?” (page unavailable), the paper reports that males initiated play by pouncing more often than females at ages 26–55 days, but not at ages 21–25 days. That supports a condition-dependent difference in play initiation; our copy does not specify that the pounces were nape attacks or link this difference to particular rearing and testing conditions. (LLM, conf=0.80)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn laboratory rats, rough-and-tumble play begins to emerge in the third week after birth, peaks between the fourth and fifth week, declines with the onset of puberty, and continues into adulthood at a lower level.
“In laboratory rats, RTP begins to emerge in the third week after birth, peaks in occurrence between the fourth and fifth week and then declines with the onset of puberty, but continues into adulthood, albeit at a lower level (Thor and Holloway, 1984; Pellis and Pellis, 1990, 1997).”
From The rough-and-tumble play of rats as a natural behavior suitable for studying the social brain (2022) · cites this paper as Thor and Holloway, 1984
An overall decrease in pinning behavior would be expected between 41 and 54 days of age.
“While an overall decrease in pinning behavior would be expected between 41 and 54 days of age (Takahashi & Lore, 1983;Thor & Holloway, 1984)”
From Play in Rats: Association across Contexts and Types, and Analysis of Structure (2014) · cites this paper as Thor & Holloway, 1984
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“Rough and tumble play is comprised of pounces, pins, wrestling, chasing, and boxing (Thor & Holloway, 1984).”
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“For example, under some rearing and testing conditions, males initiate more nape attacks (Thor and Holloway, 1984), and in early adulthood are more likely to use defensive tactics that makes their RTP seem rougher (Pellis, 2002).”
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Pettie, M. A. (2020) · doi:10.26686/wgtn.17148212.v1 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Orsucci, I. C., Becker, K. D., Ham, J. R., Lee, J. D. A., Bowden, S. M., & Veenema, A. H. (2025) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2025.115080 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Marcus, M. M., & Banks, M. L. (2025) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2025.106217 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Marquardt, A. E., Basu, M., VanRyzin, J. W., Ament, S. A., & McCarthy, M. M. (2025) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2025.115782 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Play behavior: Why do adults play less than juveniles?
Pellis, S. M., & Ham, J. R. (2024) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2024.06.054 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Partner Choice and Context‐Dependent Sex Differences in Rat Rough‐and‐Tumble Play
Ham, J. R., Pellis, S. M., & McDonald, R. J. (2026) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1111/ejn.70426 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
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Evaluating the play fighting of rats: A sociological perspective
Ham, J. R., Pellis, S. M., Pellis, V. C., & Achterberg, E. J. M. (2026) · Journal of Neuroscience Methods · doi:10.1016/j.jneumeth.2026.110836
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- Authors
- Thor, D. H., & Holloway, W. R.
- Venue
- Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society
- Published
- 1984-12
- Volume
- 22
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 587-590
- ISSN
- 0090-5054 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2038038174
- Cited by
- 105
- References
- 24
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 5 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 1
- FWCI
- 1.29
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Neuroendocrine regulation and behavior
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Primate Behavior and Ecology
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Child and Animal Learning Development
- Keywords
- social play, rough-and-tumble play, young rats, ontogeny, puberty, sexual maturity, copulation, aggression
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