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Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Facing DSM-V
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“As such, these results support the notion that an individual’s narcissism presentation may fluctuate over time [20, 21] and that vulnerable and grandiose presentations are inter-related and oscillating [9, 19].”
From Living with pathological narcissism: a qualitative study (2020) · cites this paper as [19]
In the citing paper
“While the differences in presentation between grandiose and vulnerable narcissism appear manifest, it has been argued that they reflect both sides of a narcissistic ‘coin’ [9] that may be regularly oscillating, inter-related and state dependent [6, 18–22].”
From Living with pathological narcissism: a qualitative study (2020) · cites this paper as [19]
In the citing paper
“We found many grandiose features that have been validated through empirical research [2, 3, 19].”
From Living with pathological narcissism: a qualitative study (2020) · cites this paper as [19]
In the citing paper
“Notably, in the buildup to the release of DSM-5, several scholars published reviews of the state of the literature on narcissism and NPD and documented their support for its continued inclusion in the DSM (e.g., Levy et al. 2007;Pincus & Lukowitsky 2010;Ronningstam 2009Ronningstam , 2011)).”
From Controversies in Narcissism (2017) · cites this paper as Ronningstam 2009
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
Pathological narcissism and narcissistic personality disorder
Pincus, A. L., & Lukowitsky, M. R. (2010) · Annual Review of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.clinpsy.121208.131215 · Cited by 1,082
Grandiose and Vulnerable Narcissism: A Nomological Network Analysis: Variants of Narcissism
Miller, J. D., Hoffman, B. J., Gaughan, E. T., Gentile, B., Maples, J., & Keith Campbell, W. (2011) · Journal of Personality · doi:10.1111/j.1467-6494.2010.00711.x · Cited by 990
Bender, D. S., Morey, L. C., & Skodol, A. E. (2011) · Journal of Personality Assessment · doi:10.1080/00223891.2011.583808 · Cited by 631
“Ronningstam, E. (2009). Narcissistic personality disorder: Facing DSM–V .”
Miller, J. D., Lynam, D. R., Hyatt, C. S., & Campbell, W. K. (2017) · Annual Review of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-032816-045244 · Cited by 572
“Notably, in the buildup to the release of DSM-5, several scholars published reviews of the state of the literature on narcissism and NPD and documented their support for its continued inclusion in the DSM (e.g., Levy et al. 2007; Pincus & Lukowitsky 2010; Ronningstam 2009, 2011).”
BackgroundSkodol, A. E., Clark, L. A., Bender, D. S., Krueger, R. F., Morey, L. C., Verheul, R., Alarcon, R. D., Bell, C. C., Siever, L. J., & Oldham, J. M. (2011) · Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment · doi:10.1037/a0021891 · Cited by 305
Narcissistic grandiosity and narcissistic vulnerability in psychotherapy.
Pincus, A. L., Cain, N. M., & Wright, A. G. C. (2014) · Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment · doi:10.1037/per0000031 · Cited by 267
“This article provides case examples derived from psychotherapies with narcissistic patients to demonstrate how narcissistic grandiosity and narcissistic vulnerability concurrently present in patients who seek treatment.”
BackgroundNarcissistic Personality Disorder: Diagnostic and clinical challenges
Caligor, E., Levy, K. N., & Yeomans, F. E. (2015) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2014.14060723 · Cited by 271
The Higher Order Factor Structure and Gender Invariance of the Pathological Narcissism Inventory
Wright, A. G. C., Lukowitsky, M. R., Pincus, A. L., & Conroy, D. E. (2010) · Assessment · doi:10.1177/1073191110373227 · Cited by 271
“In light of the broader contemporary conceptualizations of pathological narcissism (Pincus & Lukowitsky, 2010; Ronningstam, 2009), the NPI may be useful for assessing individual differences in grandiose narcissistic traits but, given its lack of vulnerable”
InfluentialPersonality Disorder Types Proposed for DSM-5
Skodol, A. E., Bender, D. S., Morey, L. C., Clark, L. A., Oldham, J. M., Alarcon, R. D., Krueger, R. F., Verheul, R., Bell, C. C., & Siever, L. J. (2011) · Journal of Personality Disorders · doi:10.1521/pedi.2011.25.2.136 · Cited by 241
“In addition to the range of phenotypic expression and the relative lack of symptom specificity, because functioning, self-concept, and capacity for empathy are thought to fluctuate in NPD (Ronningstam, 2009), in the proposed changes for PDs posted on the APA Website, pathological narcissism is represented in Levels of…”
BackgroundKrizan, Z., & Johar, O. (2015) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/pspp0000013 · Cited by 234
“…unrestrained anger toward those responsible for exposing flaws in their narcissistically perceived reality, resulting in “narcissistic rage” that fuels aggression (Alexander, 1938; American Psychiatric Association, 1994; Jacobson, 1964; Kernberg, 1975; Kohut, 1972; Ronningstam, 2009; Saul, 1947).”
BackgroundNarcissistic personality disorder and the DSM-V.
Miller, J. D., Widiger, T. A., & Campbell, W. K. (2010) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0019529 · Cited by 244
“…vulnerably narcissistic traits as he or she experiences more failure and impairment across the life span (see A. L. Pincus & Lukowitsky, 2010, and Ronningstam, 2009, for a more detailed discussion of this idea). identified a host of " phenotypical labels " (p. 641) used by various PD theorists…”
BackgroundInfluentialOrth, U., Robins, R. W., Meier, L. L., & Conger, R. D. (2016) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/pspp0000038 · Cited by 214
“Moreover, narcissistic individuals may oscillate between feelings of grandiosity versus feelings of vulnerability, self-doubt, and shame (Pincus & Lukowitsky, 2010; Ronningstam, 2009), and the resulting affective variability might contribute to depression (Thompson, Berenbaum, & Bredemeier, 2011; Thompson et al.”
BackgroundInfluentialNarcissistic Grandiosity and Narcissistic Vulnerability
Pincus, A. L., & Roche, M. J. (2011) · The Handbook of Narcissism and Narcissistic Personality Disorder · doi:10.1002/9781118093108.ch4 · Cited by 217
Development of a brief version of the Pathological Narcissism Inventory.
Schoenleber, M. L., Roche, M. J., Wetzel, E., Pincus, A. L., & Roberts, B. W. (2015) · Psychological Assessment · doi:10.1037/pas0000158 · Cited by 219
Grandiose and Vulnerable Narcissism
Rohmann, E., Neumann, E., Herner, M. J., & Bierhoff, H. (2011) · European Psychologist · doi:10.1027/1016-9040/a000100 · Cited by 213
Narcissistic personality disorder: a current review.
Ronningstam, E. (2010) · Current Psychiatry Reports · doi:10.1007/s11920-009-0084-z · Cited by 177
Self-citationFluctuation between grandiose and vulnerable narcissism.
Gore, W. L., & Widiger, T. A. (2016) · Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment · doi:10.1037/per0000181 · Cited by 172
Grandiose and Vulnerable Narcissism and the DSM–5 Pathological Personality Trait Model
Miller, J. D., Gentile, B., Wilson, L., & Campbell, W. K. (2013) · Journal of Personality Assessment · doi:10.1080/00223891.2012.685907 · Cited by 145
“…scholars on narcissism argue that narcissistic vulnerability is a fundamental part of the disorder (Morf & Rhodewalt, 2001; Pincus & Lukowitsky, 2010; Ronningstam, 2009), and (b) data exist to suggest that a fragile or vulnerable “cluster” of individuals with NPD can be found (i.e., Russ, Shedler,…”
BackgroundEllison, W. D., Levy, K. N., Cain, N. M., Ansell, E. B., & Pincus, A. L. (2013) · Journal of Personality Assessment · doi:10.1080/00223891.2012.742904 · Cited by 137
“…findings lend support to the argument that a revised and broadened view of pathological narcissism would be a clinically useful and broadly relevant construct for inclusion in a comprehensive nosological system of personality pathology (Miller et al., 2010; Pincus, 2011; Ronningstam, 2009, 2011).”
Empathy in narcissistic personality disorder: From clinical and empirical perspectives.
Baskin-Sommers, A., Krusemark, E., & Ronningstam, E. (2014) · Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment · doi:10.1037/per0000061 · Cited by 137
“On the one hand, narcissistic people may be able to appropriately empathize when feeling in control, that is when their self-esteem is enhanced and when displaying empathy is in their best self-interest (Ronningstam, 2009).”
Self-citationThoma, P., Friedmann, C., & Suchan, B. (2013) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2013.01.024 · Cited by 134
An Integrative Approach to the Assessment of Narcissism
Roche, M. J., Pincus, A. L., Lukowitsky, M. R., Ménard, K. S., & Conroy, D. E. (2013) · Journal of Personality Assessment · doi:10.1080/00223891.2013.770400 · Cited by 133
“…related to narcissistic vulnerability, a central aspect of pathological narcissism in contemporary clinical theory and research (Cain et al., 2008; Levy et al., 2009; Miller, Widiger, & Campbell, 2010; Pincus, 2013; Pincus & Lukowitsky, 2010; Pincus & Roche, 2011; Ronningstam, 2009, 2011a, 2011b).”
BackgroundNarcissistic Personality Disorder in DSM-V—In Support of Retaining a Significant Diagnosis
Ronningstam, E. (2011) · Journal of Personality Disorders · doi:10.1521/pedi.2011.25.2.248 · Cited by 122
“Such features attend to self-esteem regulation and the associated variability, vulnerability, reactivity, and internal painful feelings and experiences, as well as the various efforts to protect, serve and enhance internal control and self-esteem (Ronningstam , 2009; see Table 1).”
BackgroundSelf-citationPincus, A. L. (2011) · Personality Disorders Theory Research and Treatment · doi:10.1037/a0021191 · Cited by 121
“…et al., 2009; Tritt, Ryder, Ring, & Pincus, 2010; Wright, Lukowitsky, Pincus, & Conroy, 2010), and the lack of sufficient vulnerable DSM–IV NPD criteria is now a common criticism in the recent literature (Cain et al., 2008; Gabbard, 2009; Miller, Widiger, & Campbell, 2010; Ronningstam, 2009).”
BackgroundExploring the relationship between two forms of narcissism and competitiveness
Luchner, A. F., Houston, J. M., Walker, C., & Houston, M. A. (2011) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2011.06.033 · Cited by 126
“However, overt narcissism is typically displayed through externalizing behaviors, arrogance, inflated self-esteem, aggressiveness and grandiosity (Ronningstam, 2009), whereas covert narcissism tends to manifest itself through internalizing behaviors, vulnerability, deflated selfesteem and hypersensitivity (Gabbard, 20…”
BackgroundInfluentialConceptions of Narcissism and the DSM-5 Pathological Personality Traits
Wright, A. G. C., Pincus, A. L., Thomas, K. M., Hopwood, C. J., Markon, K. E., & Krueger, R. F. (2013) · Assessment · doi:10.1177/1073191113486692 · Cited by 129
“A number of theorists have noted that for many individuals, narcissistic grandiosity and vulnerability are likely wax and wane in complex dynamic processes (Pincus, 2011; Ronningstam, 2009), and emerging research suggests that this may indeed be the case (Roche, Pincus, Conroy, et al.”
BackgroundResultChristensen, T. B., Eikenæs, I. U.-M., Hummelen, B., Pedersen, G., Nysæter, T. E., Bender, D. S., Skodol, A. E., & Selvik, S. G. (2019) · Personality Disorders Theory Research and Treatment · doi:10.1037/per0000352 · Cited by 102
“In alignment with previous reports (Bender & Skodol, 2007; Kernberg & Caligor, 1996; Ronningstam, 2009), this suggested that disturbance in perspectives on self and others constituted core features of all PDs.”
ResultWeiss, B., & Miller, J. D. (2018) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-92171-6_1 · Cited by 108
The Pathological Narcissism Inventory.
Pincus, A. L. (2013) · Understanding and treating pathological narcissism. · doi:10.1037/14041-006 · Cited by 96
Subtypes, Dimensions, Levels, and Mental States in Narcissism and Narcissistic Personality Disorder
Levy, K. N. (2012) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/jclp.21893 · Cited by 93
Disturbed emotion recognition in patients with narcissistic personality disorder
Marissen, M. A. E., Deen, M. L., & Franken, I. H. A. (2012) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2011.12.042 · Cited by 87
“Conceivably, this social desirability bias is particularly pertinent in personality disorder patients such as those with NPD, who might respond in a way that makes them look as good as possible (Ronningstam, 2009).”
BackgroundRonningstam, E. F. (2016) · Current Behavioral Neuroscience Reports · doi:10.1007/s40473-016-0060-y · Cited by 94
Self-citationDimaggio, G., Popolo, R., Montano, A., Velotti, P., Perrini, F., Buonocore, L., Garofalo, C., D’Aguanno, M., & Salvatore, G. (2017) · Psychology and Psychotherapy Theory Research and Practice · doi:10.1111/papt.12126 · Cited by 75
Veiled and Vulnerable: The Other Side of Grandiose Narcissism
Kealy, D., & Rasmussen, B. (2011) · Clinical Social Work Journal · doi:10.1007/s10615-011-0370-1 · Cited by 72
“In this way, a degree of expressive fluctuation between grandiosity and vulnerability is likely for most narcissistic patients (Ronningstam 2009).”
BackgroundFossati, A., Feeney, J., Pincus, A., Borroni, S., & Maffei, C. (2015) · Psychoanalytic Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0037175 · Cited by 64
Can neuroscience help to understand narcissism? A systematic review of an emerging field
Jauk, E., & Kanske, P. (2021) · Personality Neuroscience · doi:10.1017/pen.2021.1 · Cited by 66
“…primarily maladaptive, pathological aspects of narcissism (such as the PNI; Pincus et al., 2009), and vulnerable self-states can be observed in NPD (American Psychiatric Association, 2013; Ronningstam, 2009), a personality disorder characterized by extreme grandiosity (Miller et al., 2014).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialHyatt, C. S., Sleep, C. E., Lynam, D. R., Widiger, T. A., Campbell, W. K., & Miller, J. D. (2017) · Journal of Personality · doi:10.1111/jopy.12325 · Cited by 69
Eleven Deaths of Mr. K.—Contributing Factors to Suicide in Narcissistic Personalities
Ronningstam, E. F., Weinberg, I., & Maltsberger, J. T. (2008) · Psychiatry · doi:10.1521/psyc.2008.71.2.169 · Cited by 67
Self-citationRogoza, R., Cieciuch, J., & Strus, W. (2021) · Journal of Research in Personality · doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2021.104167 · Cited by 64
Jauk, E., Ulbrich, L., Jorschick, P., Höfler, M., Kaufman, S. B., & Kanske, P. (2021) · Journal of Personality · doi:10.1111/jopy.12692 · Cited by 63
“Similarly, Ronningstam (2009) notes that “the narcissistic individual may fluctuate between assertive grandiosity and vulnerability” (p. 113).”
BackgroundInfluentialGrandiose and vulnerable narcissistic states in interpersonal situations
Edershile, E. A., & Wright, A. G. C. (2019) · Self and Identity · doi:10.1080/15298868.2019.1627241 · Cited by 65
“Clinical theory suggests that individuals fluctuate in their levels of grandiosity and vulnerability (Kernberg, 1975; Pincus et al., 2014; Pincus & Lukowitsky, 2010; Ronningstam, 2009, 2011; Wright, 2014).”
Wang, Z., Yuan, R., Luo, J., Liu, M. J., & Yannopoulou, N. (2023) · Journal of Business Research · doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2023.114070 · Cited by 70
Pincus, A. L., Dowgwillo, E. A., & Greenberg, L. S. (2016) · Practice Innovations · doi:10.1037/pri0000025 · Cited by 60
Female Narcissism: Assessment, Aetiology, and Behavioural Manifestations
Green, A., MacLean, R., & Charles, K. E. (2021) · Psychological Reports · doi:10.1177/00332941211027322 · Cited by 60
“Indeed, the criteria of NPD in the DSM-5 have been challenged on conceptual, clinical and empirical grounds, the most common criticism pertaining to the evident lack of narcissistic vulnerability (Cain et al., 2008; Dimaggio, 2012; Kealy & Rasmussen, 2012; Levy et al., 2011; Pincus & Lukowitsky, 2010; Reidy et al., 20…”
BackgroundAlliance Building and Narcissistic Personality Disorder
Ronningstam, E. F. (2012) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/jclp.21898 · Cited by 66
Self-citationOn the Measure and Mismeasure of Narcissism
Wright, A. G. C. (2015) · Assessment · doi:10.1177/1073191115599054 · Cited by 56
“…Kernberg, 1975; Kohut, 1971; Ronningstam, 2005) and how it commonly manifests in clinical treatment settings (e.g., Pincus, Cain, & Wright, 2014; Ronningstam, 2009, 2011; Russ, Shedler, Bradley, & Westen, 2008), which goes beyond the features of narcissistic personality disorder (NPD) in the…”
BackgroundA Multivariate Analysis of the Pathological Narcissism Inventory’s Nomological Network
Edershile, E. A., Simms, L. J., & Wright, A. G. C. (2018) · Assessment · doi:10.1177/1073191118766412 · Cited by 56
Dos and Don'ts in Treatments of Patients With Narcissistic Personality Disorder
Weinberg, I., & Ronningstam, E. (2020) · Journal of Personality Disorders · doi:10.1521/pedi.2020.34.supp.122 · Cited by 51
Self-citationGrandiose and entitled, but still fragile: A network analysis of pathological narcissistic traits
Pierro, R. D., Costantini, G., Benzi, I. M. A., Madeddu, F., & Preti, E. (2018) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2018.04.003 · Cited by 55
Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Progress in Recognition and Treatment
Ronningstam, E., & Weinberg, I. (2013) · Focus · doi:10.1176/appi.focus.11.2.167 · Cited by 50
Self-citationDimaggio, G., & Attinà, G. (2012) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/jclp.21896 · Cited by 49
“In addition, those with NPD often experience anger, triggered by feelings of being slighted, socially rejected, or hampered when pursuing their goals; their tendency is to derogate others who give them negative feedback or impede their actions (Ronningstam, 2009; Twenge & Campbell, 2003).”
BackgroundLiving with pathological narcissism: a qualitative study
Day, N. J. S., Townsend, M. L., & Grenyer, B. F. S. (2020) · Borderline Personality Disorder and Emotion Dysregulation · doi:10.1186/s40479-020-00132-8 · Cited by 47
“As such, these results support the notion that an individual’s narcissism presentation may fluctuate over time [20, 21] and that vulnerable and grandiose presentations are inter-related and oscillating [9, 19].”
BackgroundResultThe Association Between Vulnerable/Grandiose Narcissism and Emotion Regulation
Loeffler, L. A. K., Huebben, A. K., Radke, S., Habel, U., & Derntl, B. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.519330 · Cited by 48
“In line, Ronningstam (2009) highlights an oscillation between grandiose and vulnerable states and further proposes that narcissistic personality disorder is characterized by “a pervasive pattern of fluctuating and vulnerable self-esteem ranging from grandiosity and assertiveness to inferiority or…”
BackgroundGrandiose and Vulnerable Narcissism in Borderline Personality Disorder
Euler, S., Stöbi, D., Sowislo, J., Ritzler, F., Huber, C. G., Lang, U. E., Wrege, J., & Walter, M. (2018) · Psychopathology · doi:10.1159/000486601 · Cited by 47
Ronningstam, E., & Baskin-Sommers, A. R. (2013) · Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.31887/dcns.2013.15.2/eronningstam · Cited by 47
“Research on empathy and empathic functioning has already proven such a link to be most constructive and informative for NPD,(27-29) contributing to a significant change in identifying empathy, not as absent or present, but as a multifactorial and fluctuating capability.(30) This research has also influenced the discus…”
BackgroundSelf-citationHochwarter, W. A., Summers, J. K., Thompson, K. W., Perrewé, P. L., & Ferris, G. R. (2010) · Journal of Occupational Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0020523 · Cited by 46
Overparenting and Narcissism in Young Adults: The Mediating Role of Psychological Control
Winner, N. A., & Nicholson, B. C. (2018) · Journal of Child and Family Studies · doi:10.1007/s10826-018-1176-3 · Cited by 52
“Alternately, this finding is also likely attributable to the strong relationship and co-occurrence observed between vulnerable and grandiose narcissistic phenotypes (Pincus, 2013; Ronningstam 2009).”
BackgroundThe associations between two facets of narcissism and eating disorder symptoms
Gordon, K. H., & Dombeck, J. (2010) · Eating Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.eatbeh.2010.08.004 · Cited by 48
“Vulnerable narcissism is characterized by hypersensitivity to the opinions of others, insecurity, an intense desire for approval, and poor self-image (Pincus & Lukowitsky, 2010; Ronningstam, 2009).”
BackgroundKampe, L., Bohn, J., Remmers, C., & Hörz‐Sagstetter, S. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2021.661948 · Cited by 50
Edershile, E. A., & Wright, A. G. C. (2021) · Social and Personality Psychology Compass · doi:10.1111/spc3.12649 · Cited by 46
Neufeld, D. C., & Johnson, E. A. (2015) · Journal of Personality · doi:10.1111/jopy.12192 · Cited by 48
“They are prone to feeling inferior (Ronningstam, 2009) and hostile (Miller, Gentile, Wilson, & Campbell, 2013; Miller, Price, Gentile, Lynam, & Campbell, 2012), both of which are central components of envy.”
BackgroundJakšić, N., Marčinko, D., Hanžek, M. S., Rebernjak, B., & Ogrodniczuk, J. S. (2017) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/jclp.22472 · Cited by 40
“One of the core issues underlying pathological narcissism-related suicidal ideation and behaviors that is discussed in theoretical and clinical literatures is the experience of shame (Baumeister, 1990; Links, 2013; Ronningstam, 2009).”
BackgroundTanzilli, A., & Gualco, I. (2020) · Journal of Personality Disorders · doi:10.1521/pedi.2020.34.supp.42 · Cited by 39
Ahn, H., Kwolek, E. A., & Bowman, N. D. (2015) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2014.12.032 · Cited by 35
“Vulnerable narcissists are fearful or suspicious of interdependency, thus they have been described as ‘hypersensitive’ or ‘hypervigilant’ (Ronningstam, 2009).”
BackgroundHummelen, B., Braeken, J., Christensen, T. B., Nysæter, T. E., Selvik, S. G., Walther, K., Pedersen, G., Eikenæs, I. U.-M., & Paap, M. C. S. (2020) · Assessment · doi:10.1177/1073191120967972 · Cited by 31
“Patients with narcissistic PD, however, are not necessarily characterized by functional disability in work and social situations, though their personality functioning might be severely impaired (Ronningstam, 2009). Thus, from an empirical perspective, it is not obvious that the SCID-5-AMPD-I levels should indicate inc…”
BackgroundMethodHörz-Sagstetter, S., Diamond, D., Clarkin, J. F., Levy, K. N., Rentrop, M., Fischer-Kern, M., Cain, N. M., & Doering, S. (2018) · Journal of Personality Disorders · doi:10.1521/pedi_2017_31_306 · Cited by 28
Caligor, E., & Stern, B. L. (2020) · Journal of Personality Disorders · doi:10.1521/pedi.2020.34.supp.104 · Cited by 27
Fossati, A., Somma, A., Borroni, S., Pincus, A. L., Markon, K. E., & Krueger, R. F. (2016) · Psychological Assessment · doi:10.1037/pas0000348 · Cited by 31
Ronningstam, E. (2014) · Personality Disorders Theory Research and Treatment · doi:10.1037/per0000034 · Cited by 25
Self-citationVater, A., Ritter, K., Strunz, S., Ronningstam, E. F., Renneberg, B., & Roepke, S. (2014) · Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment · doi:10.1037/per0000058 · Cited by 24
Self-citationKrusemark, E. A., Lee, C. W., & Newman, J. P. (2014) · Personality Disorders Theory Research and Treatment · doi:10.1037/per0000087 · Cited by 24
Feeling good about oneself heightens, not hinders, the goodness in narcissism
Hart, W., Tortoriello, G. K., & Richardson, K. (2018) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-018-9993-5 · Cited by 26
“…positions highlight how feelings of inadequacy can produce anger and resentment toward others that deter from a prosocial existence (Kernberg 1975; Ronningstam 2009; Tracy and Robins 2003); still other positions highlight how feelings of inadequacy can create pathological levels of negative…”
BackgroundInfluentialNew directions for an old construct: Depressive personality research in the DSM‐5 era
Huprich, S. K. (2012) · Personality and Mental Health · doi:10.1002/pmh.1217 · Cited by 23
Fossati, A., Somma, A., Borroni, S., & Miller, J. D. (2017) · Journal of Personality Assessment · doi:10.1080/00223891.2017.1324457 · Cited by 27
“…Inventory (PNI; Pincus et al., 2009) was developed with the goal of capturing narcissism as construed in clinical theory (e.g., Kernberg, 1975; Kohut, 1971; Ronningstam, 2005) and how it commonly manifests in clinical treatment settings (e.g., Pincus, Cain, & Wright, 2014; Ronningstam, 2009).”
BackgroundGroningen, A. J. V., Grawitch, M. J., Lavigne, K. N., & Palmer, S. N. (2020) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2020.110549 · Cited by 22
Stone, B. M., & Bartholomay, E. M. (2020) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-020-01088-2 · Cited by 24
“Researchers have found evidence that selfcenteredness may be a part of overt narcissism (Ronningstam 2011; 2009; Philipson 1985).”
BackgroundAre malignant self‐regard and vulnerable narcissism different constructs?
Huprich, S. K., Nelson, S. M., Sohnleitner, A., Lengu, K. J., Shankar, S., & Rexer, K. (2018) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/jclp.22599 · Cited by 21
Narcissistic personality disorder
Ronningstam, E. F. (2011) · Personality and Mental Health · doi:10.1002/pmh.172 · Cited by 22
Self-citationRecognising Narcissistic Abuse and the Implications for Mental Health Nursing Practice
Howard, V. (2019) · Issues in Mental Health Nursing · doi:10.1080/01612840.2019.1590485 · Cited by 20
“Like other disorders, narcissism is identified as occurring on a spectrum and at the most severe end of the spectrum is malignant narcissism that can co-occur with anti-social behaviour and psychopathy (Hart & Hare, 1998; Kernberg, 1998; Ronningstam, 2009).”
BackgroundRishede, M., Juul, S., Bo, S., Gondan, M., Møeller, S. B., & Simonsen, S. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2021.634332 · Cited by 22
Tanzilli, A., Giovanardi, G., Patriarca, E., Lingiardi, V., & Williams, R. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph181910127 · Cited by 22
Expanding the utility of the malignant self-regard construct
Lengu, K. J., Evich, C. D., Nelson, S. M., & Huprich, S. K. (2015) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2015.07.087 · Cited by 20
“…narcissism in its descriptions of personality disorders, interest in these types of personality pathology remains high (Caligor et al., 2007; Huprich, 2009; Pincus et al., 2009; Ronningstam, 2009; Miller and Maples, 2011; Tritt et al., 2010; McWilliams, 2011; Huprich, 2012; Huprich et al., 2012).”
Hart, W., Richardson, K., & Tortoriello, G. K. (2018) · Journal of Interpersonal Violence · doi:10.1177/0886260518777551 · Cited by 22
“Moreover, from a clinical perspective (Kernberg, 1975; Rogers, 1961; Ronningstam, 2009), narcissists’ concerns about inadequacy (i.”
BackgroundInfluentialPsychodynamic Psychotherapy for Narcissistic Personality
Diamond, D., Yeomans, F., & Levy, K. N. (2011) · The Handbook of Narcissism and Narcissistic Personality Disorder · doi:10.1002/9781118093108.ch38 · Cited by 19
Comorbidity Between Narcissistic Personality Disorder and Axis I Diagnoses
Simonsen, S., & Simonsen, E. H. (2011) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118093108.ch21 · Cited by 19
Self-regulatory and narcissistic grandiosity and vulnerability: Common and discriminant relations
Boldero, J., Higgins, E. T., & Hulbert, C. A. (2014) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2014.12.019 · Cited by 18
“…December 2014 Keywords: Narcissism Grandiosity Vulnerability Promotion Prevention Assessment Locomotion Self-esteem In three studies we examined the unique relations of narcissistic grandiosity and vulnerability with the self-regulatory factors of promotion, prevention, assessment, and locomotion.”
BackgroundEmotional Characteristics of Narcissists with Grandiosity and Vulnerability
Yang, J.-W., & Kwon, S. (2016) · The Korean Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.15842/kjcp.2016.35.1.011 · Cited by 18
Manley, H., Roberts, R., Beattie, S., & Woodman, T. (2017) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2017.08.024 · Cited by 18
Christensen, T. B., Hummelen, B., Paap, M. C. S., Eikenæs, I. U.-M., Selvik, S. G., Kvarstein, E. H., Pedersen, G., Bender, D. S., Skodol, A. E., & Nysæter, T. E. (2019) · Journal of Personality Disorders · doi:10.1521/pedi_2019_33_455 · Cited by 19
“The second part, however, is indicative of narcissism, focusing on self-enhancing interpersonal striving (Ronningstam, 2009) rather than on the detached pattern of interpersonal interaction characteristic of AVPD (Lampe & Malhi, 2018).”
BackgroundPsychoanalytic Theories on Narcissism and Narcissistic Personality
Ronningstam, E. F. (2011) · doi:10.1002/9781118093108.ch5 · Cited by 18
Self-citationNarcissistic personality disorder and pathological narcissism
Bliton, C. F., Halberstadt, A. L., Asan, A. E., & Pincus, A. L. (2023) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-91497-0.00238-1 · Cited by 18
Jornkokgoud, K., Baggio, T., Bakiaj, R., Wongupparaj, P., Job, R., & Grecucci, A. (2024) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1111/ejn.16345 · Cited by 16
“In the general population, narcissistic traits prevalence estimates range from 0% to 5.3% (Ronningstam, 2009) and can reach up to 18.1% (Pourramzani & Monajemi, 2021), whereas NPD is believed to affect approximately 1% to 15% of the US population in the clinical context (Mitra & Fluyau, 2020).”
BackgroundInfluentialAn update on narcissistic personality disorder
Ronningstam, E. F. (2012) · Current Opinion in Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/yco.0b013e328359979c · Cited by 17
Self-citationWright, A. G. C., Stepp, S. D., Scott, L. N., Hallquist, M. N., Beeney, J. E., Lazarus, S. A., & Pilkonis, P. A. (2017) · PsyArXiv (OSF Preprints) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/e2nuz · Cited by 23
Boursier, V., & Gioia, F. (2020) · PubMed · doi:10.36131/cnfioritieditore20200304 · Cited by 16
“…stated, despite narcissism globally refers to grandiose fantasies and a sense of entitlement, two subtypes of narcissism probably co-exist, characterizing distinct and separate, or fluctuating and co-occurrent, personality traits (Gore & Widiger, 2016; Miller et al., 2017; Ronningstam, 2009).”
BackgroundDebates on the Narcissism Conundrum
Alarcón, R. D., & Sarabia, S. (2011) · The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease · doi:10.1097/nmd.0b013e31823e6795 · Cited by 17
“Two comprehensive reviews of NPD (Ronningstam, 2009, 2011b) focus on ‘‘the range of empathic functioning’’ as a central feature in the delineation of narcissism and its levels of severity.”
BackgroundDimaggio, G., & Lysaker, P. H. (2018) · Journal of Personality Disorders · doi:10.1521/pedi.2018.32.3.311 · Cited by 16
Henttonen, P., Salmi, J., Peräkylä, A., & Krusemark, E. A. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.993663 · Cited by 19
“Finally, our examination using the g-FLUX offered additional information with respect to the construct validity of this measure in comparison to other narcissism measures and contributes to the theoretical literature on the narcissism fluctuation hypothesis (Ronningstam, 2009; Kernberg and Yeomans, 2013).”
BackgroundResultDimaggio, G., Valeri, S., Salvatore, G., Popolo, R., Montano, A., & Ottavi, P. (2013) · Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy · doi:10.1007/s10879-013-9254-8 · Cited by 15
Processes of Change in Psychotherapy for Narcissistic Personality Disorder
Maillard, P., Berthoud, L., Kolly, S., Sachse, R., & Kramer, U. (2020) · Journal of Personality Disorders · doi:10.1521/pedi.2020.34.supp.63 · Cited by 16
“Prevalence of NPD in the clinical population and in outpatient private practices is high (up to 20%, Ronningstam, 2009) and present general clinical issues in treatment such as the construction of a trusting therapeutic relationship or the management of in-session avoidance, as the focus…”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Ronningstam, E.
- Affiliations
- Harvard University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Ronningstam, Elsa
- ORCID
- Ronningstam, Elsa
- Venue
- Psychiatric Annals
- Publisher
- SLACK, Inc.
- Published
- 2009-03
- Volume
- 39
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 111-121
- ISSN
- 0048-5713 (ISSN-L)
- 1938-2456
- OpenAlex
- W2037689350
- Cited by
- 226
- References
- 101
- Citations by year
- 2026: 13 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 20 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 17 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 16 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 15
- FWCI
- 15.19
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Psychiatric Annals (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Disorders and Psychopathology
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Traits and Psychology
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychoanalysis and Psychopathology Research
- Keywords
- narcissistic personality disorder, DSM-5, personality disorders, diagnostic criteria, personality disorder classification
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