Neural correlates of set-shifting in children with autism
Open accessAbstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is often associated with high levels of inflexible thinking and rigid behavior. The neural correlates of these behaviors have been investigated in adults and older adolescents, but not children. Prior studies utilized set-shifting tasks that engaged multiple levels of shifting, and depended on learning abstract rules and establishing a strong prepotent bias. These additional demands complicate simple interpretations of the results. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to investigate the neural correlates of set-shifting in 20 children (ages 7-14) with ASD and 19 typically developing, matched, control children. Participants completed a set-shifting task that minimized nonshifting task demands through the use of concrete instructions that provide spatial mapping of stimuli-responses. The shift/stay sets were given an equal number of trials to limit the prepotent bias. Both groups showed an equivalent "switch cost," responding less accurately and slower to Switch stimuli than Stay stimuli, although the ASD group was less accurate overall. Both groups showed activation in prefrontal, striatal, parietal, and cerebellum regions known to govern effective set-shifts. Compared to controls, children with ASD demonstrated decreased activation of the right middle temporal gyrus across all trials, but increased activation in the mid-dorsal cingulate cortex/superior frontal gyrus, left middle frontal, and right inferior frontal gyri during the Switch vs. Stay contrast. The successful behavioral switching performance of children with ASD comes at the cost of requiring greater engagement of frontal regions, suggesting less efficiency at this lowest level of shifting.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Yerys and colleagues found that 7- to 14-year-old children with ASD engaged frontal brain regions to a greater extent than typically developing peers during set-shifting.
“Yerys and colleagues found that 7–14 year old children with ASD engaged frontal brain regions to a greater extent than typically developing (TD) peers during set-shifting (44).”
From Brain Mechanisms Supporting Flexible Cognition and Behavior in Adolescents With Autism Spectrum Disorder (2021) · cites this paper as [44]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
1 retracted
Cognitive flexibility in autism spectrum disorder: Explaining the inconsistencies?
Van Eylen, L., Boets, B., Steyaert, J., Evers, K., Wagemans, J., & Noens, I. (2011) · Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.rasd.2011.01.025 · Cited by 183 · see citing works
RetractedAdvances in functional and structural MR image analysis and implementation as FSL
Smith, S. M., Jenkinson, M., Woolrich, M. W., Beckmann, C. F., Behrens, T. E. J., Johansen-Berg, H., Bannister, P. R., De Luca, M., Drobnjak, I., Flitney, D. E., et al. (2004) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2004.07.051 · Cited by 13,630 · see citing works
Control of goal-directed and stimulus-driven attention in the brain
Corbetta, M., & Shulman, G. L. (2002) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn755 · Cited by 12,881 · see citing works
Jenkinson, M., Beckmann, C. F., Behrens, T. E. J., Woolrich, M. W., & Smith, S. M. (2012) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.09.015 · Cited by 11,314 · see citing works
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Text Revision (DSM-IV-TR)
American Psychiatric Association (2000) · doi:10.1176/appi.books.9780890423349 · Cited by 11,069 · see citing works
AFNI: Software for analysis and visualization of functional magnetic resonance neuroimages
Cox, R. W. (1996) · Computers and Biomedical Research · doi:10.1006/cbmr.1996.0014 · Cited by 10,913 · see citing works
Lord, C., Rutter, M., & Le Couteur, A. (1994) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/bf02172145 · Cited by 9,065 · see citing works
Lord, C., Risi, S., Lambrecht, L., Cook, E. H., Leventhal, B. L., DiLavore, P. C., Pickles, A., & Rutter, M. (2000) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1023/a:1005592401947 · Cited by 7,520 · see citing works
Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence
Dumont, R., Willis, J. O., Veizel, K., & Zibulsky, J. (2014) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118660584.ese2519 · Cited by 5,547 · see citing works
Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence
Wechsler, D. (1999) · PsycTESTS Dataset · doi:10.1037/t15170-000 · Cited by 4,681 · see citing works
MacDonald, A. W., Cohen, J. D., Stenger, V. A., & Carter, C. S. (2000) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.288.5472.1835 · Cited by 3,666 · see citing works
Executive functions and developmental psychopathology.
Pennington, B. F., & Ozonoff, S. (1996) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1996.tb01380.x · Cited by 3,150 · cited 2× · see citing works
“…in ASD have used classic neuropsychological tasks such as the Wisconsin Card Sorting Task [Hill, 2004; Kenworthy, Yerys, Anthony, & Wallace, 2008; Pennington & Ozonoff, 1996; Russo, Flanagan, Iarocci, Berringer, Zelazo, & Burack, 2007; Sergeant, Geurts, & Oosterlaan, 2002], but these complex…”
MethodDavidson, M. C., Amso, D., Anderson, L. C., & Diamond, A. (2006) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2006.02.006 · Cited by 2,226 · see citing works
Effects of Different Brain Lesions on Card Sorting: The Role of the Frontal Lobes
MILNER, B. (1963) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneur.1963.00460070100010 · Cited by 2,217 · see citing works
Neuroimaging studies of working memory:
Wager, T. D., & Smith, E. E. (2003) · Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3758/cabn.3.4.255 · Cited by 1,889 · see citing works
Brain development in children and adolescents: Insights from anatomical magnetic resonance imaging
Lenroot, R. K., & Giedd, J. N. (2006) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2006.06.001 · Cited by 1,863 · see citing works
Sexual dimorphism of brain developmental trajectories during childhood and adolescence
Lenroot, R. K., Gogtay, N., Greenstein, D. K., Wells, E. M., Wallace, G. L., Clasen, L. S., Blumenthal, J. D., Lerch, J., Zijdenbos, A. P., Evans, A. C., et al. (2007) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2007.03.053 · Cited by 1,309 · see citing works
Action sets and decisions in the medial frontal cortex
RUSHWORTH, M., WALTON, M., KENNERLEY, S., & BANNERMAN, D. (2004) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2004.07.009 · Cited by 1,004 · see citing works
Garavan, H. (2002) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1006/nimg.2002.1326 · Cited by 988 · see citing works
Monchi, O., Petrides, M., Petre, V., Worsley, K., & Dagher, A. (2001) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.21-19-07733.2001 · Cited by 961 · see citing works
Functional MRI : an introduction to methods
Jezzard, P., Matthews, P. M., & Smith, S. M. (2002) · Cited by 885 · see citing works
Evaluating the theory of executive dysfunction in autism
Hill, E. L. (2004) · Developmental Review · doi:10.1016/j.dr.2004.01.001 · Cited by 846 · see citing works
How specific is a deficit of executive functioning for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder?
Sergeant, J. A., Geurts, H., & Oosterlaan, J. (2002) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/s0166-4328(01)00430-2 · Cited by 784 · cited 3× · see citing works
“…is prominent in common neuropsychological measures used in ASD research (e.g., Wisconsin Card Sorting Task, intradimensional/ extradimensional shift task, and Dimensional Change Card Sort; [Hill, 2004; Kenworthy et al., 2008; Pennington & Ozonoff, 1996; Russo et al., 2007; Sergeant et al., 2002]).”
MethodEvidence for executive dysfunction in autism
Hughes, C., Russell, J., & Robbins, T. W. (1994) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/0028-3932(94)90092-2 · Cited by 707 · see citing works
Changes in executive control across the life span: Examination of task-switching performance.
Cepeda, N. J., Kramer, A. F., & Gonzalez de Sather, J. C. M. (2001) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037/0012-1649.37.5.715 · Cited by 657 · see citing works
Neuroimaging studies of shifting attention: a meta-analysis
Wager, T. D., Jonides, J., & Reading, S. (2004) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2004.03.052 · Cited by 654 · see citing works
Rubia, K., Smith, A. B., Woolley, J., Nosarti, C., Heyman, I., Taylor, E., & Brammer, M. (2006) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.20237 · Cited by 632 · see citing works
Lopez, B. R., Lincoln, A. J., Ozonoff, S., & Lai, Z. (2005) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-005-5035-x · Cited by 603 · see citing works
Neuropsychologic functioning in autism: Profile of a complex information processing disorder.
MINSHEW, N. J., GOLDSTEIN, G., & SIEGEL, D. J. (1997) · Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society · doi:10.1017/s1355617797003032 · Cited by 572 · see citing works
Aron, A. R., Durston, S., Eagle, D. M., Logan, G. D., Stinear, C. M., & Stuphorn, V. (2007) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.3644-07.2007 · Cited by 539 · see citing works
The paradox of cognitive flexibility in autism
Geurts, H. M., Corbett, B., & Solomon, M. (2009) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2008.11.006 · Cited by 538 · see citing works
Understanding Executive Control in Autism Spectrum Disorders in the Lab and in the Real World
Kenworthy, L., Yerys, B. E., Anthony, L. G., & Wallace, G. L. (2008) · Neuropsychology Review · doi:10.1007/s11065-008-9077-7 · Cited by 504 · see citing works
Self-citationProfiles of everyday executive function in acquired and developmental disorders.
Gioia, G. A., Isquith, P. K., Kenworthy, L., & Barton, R. M. (2002) · Child Neuropsychology · doi:10.1076/chin.8.2.121.8727 · Cited by 498 · cited 2× · see citing works
“…of the ASD population likely has cognitive resources that place them in a unique position to perform well on tasks tapping low level shifting, despite struggling with more complex set-shifting impairments in everyday settings [Gioia et al., 2002; Kenworthy et al., 2005; Rosenthal et al., 2013].”
BackgroundSelf-citationLhermitte, F. (1986) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.410190405 · Cited by 487 · see citing works
Meta‐analysis of neuroimaging studies of the Wisconsin Card‐Sorting task and component processes
Buchsbaum, B. R., Greer, S., Chang, W., & Berman, K. F. (2005) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.20128 · Cited by 477 · see citing works
A Brain-Based Account of the Development of Rule Use in Childhood
Bunge, S. A., & Zelazo, P. D. (2006) · Current Directions in Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/j.0963-7214.2006.00419.x · Cited by 433 · see citing works
Adaptive skills and executive function in autism spectrum disorders.
Gilotty, L., Kenworthy, L., Sirian, L., Black, D. O., & Wagner, A. E. (2002) · Child Neuropsychology · doi:10.1076/chin.8.4.241.13504 · Cited by 421 · see citing works
Self-citationOzonoff, S., Cook, I., Coon, H., Dawson, G., Joseph, R. M., Klin, A., McMahon, W. M., Minshew, N., Munson, J. A., Pennington, B. F., et al. (2004) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1023/b:jadd.0000022605.81989.cc · Cited by 391 · see citing works
Clark, C., Prior, M., & Kinsella, G. (2002) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines · doi:10.1111/1469-7610.00084 · Cited by 387 · see citing works
Lainhart, J. E., Bigler, E. D., Bocian, M., Coon, H., Dinh, E., Dawson, G., Deutsch, C. K., Dunn, M., Estes, A., Tager‐Flusberg, H., et al. (2006) · American Journal of Medical Genetics Part A · doi:10.1002/ajmg.a.31465 · Cited by 381 · see citing works
Neural correlates of executive function in Autistic Spectrum Disorders
Schmitz, N., Rubia, K., Daly, E., Smith, A., Williams, S., & Murphy, D. G. M. (2006) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2005.06.007 · Cited by 365 · see citing works
Subtle executive impairment in children with autism and children with ADHD
Goldberg, M. C., Mostofsky, S. H., Cutting, L. E., Mahone, E. M., Astor, B. C., Denckla, M. B., & Landa, R. J. (2005) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-005-3291-4 · Cited by 349 · cited 2× · see citing works
“…tasks in school-age children may be partially explained by differences in task characteristics [D’Cruz et al., 2013; de Vries & Geurts, 2012; Goldberg et al., 2005; Hughes et al., 1994; Landa & Goldberg, 2005; Poljac et al., 2010; Solomon et al., 2008; Van Eylen, Boets, Steyaert, Evers,…”
BackgroundKenworthy, L., Anthony, L. G., Naiman, D. Q., Cannon, L., Wills, M. C., Luong‐Tran, C., Werner, M. A., Alexander, K. C., Strang, J., Bal, E., et al. (2014) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/jcpp.12161 · Cited by 323 · cited 2× · see citing works
“Inflexibility is an important target for treatment in ASD [Kenworthy et al., 2013].”
BackgroundSelf-citationRosenthal, M., Wallace, G. L., Lawson, R., Wills, M. C., Dixon, E., Yerys, B. E., & Kenworthy, L. (2013) · Neuropsychology · doi:10.1037/a0031299 · Cited by 312 · see citing works
Self-citationLanguage, social, and executive functions in high functioning Autism: a continuum of performance
Landa, R. J., & Goldberg, M. C. (2005) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-005-0001-1 · Cited by 296 · see citing works
Pugliese, C. E., Anthony, L. G., Strang, J. F., Dudley, K. M., Wallace, G. L., & Kenworthy, L. E. (2014) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-014-2309-1 · Cited by 288 · see citing works
Self-citationReduced behavioral flexibility in autism spectrum disorders.
D'Cruz, A.-M., Ragozzino, M. E., Mosconi, M. W., Shrestha, S., Cook, E. H., & Sweeney, J. A. (2013) · Neuropsychology · doi:10.1037/a0031721 · Cited by 279 · see citing works
The neural substrates of cognitive control deficits in autism spectrum disorders
Solomon, M., Ozonoff, S. J., Ursu, S., Ravizza, S., Cummings, N., Ly, S., & Carter, C. S. (2009) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2009.04.019 · Cited by 263 · see citing works
Components of Switching Intentional Set
Rushworth, M. F. S., Passingham, R. E., & Nobre, A. C. (2002) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/089892902760807159 · Cited by 242 · see citing works
Deconstructing executive deficits among persons with autism: Implications for cognitive neuroscience
Russo, N., Flanagan, T., Iarocci, G., Berringer, D., Zelazo, P. D., & Burack, J. A. (2007) · Brain and Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.bandc.2006.04.007 · Cited by 237 · see citing works
Conceptual problem-solving in highly verbal, nonretarded autistic men
Rumsey, J. M. (1985) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/bf01837896 · Cited by 214 · see citing works
Brain Regions Mediating Flexible Rule Use during Development
Crone, E. A., Donohue, S. E., Honomichl, R. D., Wendelken, C., & Bunge, S. A. (2006) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.2165-06.2006 · Cited by 212 · see citing works
Yerys, B. E., Wallace, G. L., Harrison, B., Celano, M. J., Giedd, J. N., & Kenworthy, L. E. (2009) · Autism · doi:10.1177/1362361309335716 · Cited by 207 · see citing works
Self-citationByars, A. W., Holland, S. K., Strawsburg, R. H., Bommer, W. A., Dunn, R. S., Schmithorst, V. J., & Plante, E. (2002) · Journal of Child Neurology · doi:10.1177/08830738020170122201 · Cited by 206 · see citing works
The Neural Circuitry Mediating Shifts in Behavioral Response and Cognitive Set in Autism
Shafritz, K. M., Dichter, G. S., Baranek, G. T., & Belger, A. (2008) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2007.06.028 · Cited by 206 · see citing works
Durston, S. (2003) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2003.08.004 · Cited by 201 · see citing works
Yerys, B. E., Jankowski, K. F., Shook, D., Rosenberger, L. R., Barnes, K. A., Berl, M. M., Ritzl, E. K., VanMeter, J., Vaidya, C. J., & Gaillard, W. D. (2009) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.20767 · Cited by 169 · see citing works
Self-citationDavid Zelazo, P., Jacques, S., Burack, J. A., & Frye, D. (2002) · Infant and Child Development · doi:10.1002/icd.304 · Cited by 168 · see citing works
Smith, A. B., Taylor, E., Brammer, M., & Rubia, K. (2004) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.20007 · Cited by 152 · see citing works
Components of Attentional Set-switching
Rushworth, M. F. S., Passingham, R. E., & Nobre, A. C. (2005) · Experimental Psychology (formerly Zeitschrift für Experimentelle Psychologie) · doi:10.1027/1618-3169.52.2.83 · Cited by 151 · see citing works
Inner speech impairments in autism
Whitehouse, A. J. O., Maybery, M. T., & Durkin, K. (2006) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2006.01624.x · Cited by 139 · see citing works
Switching between tasks and responses: a developmental study
Crone, E. A., Bunge, S. A., Van Der Molen, M. W., & Ridderinkhof, K. R. (2006) · Developmental Science · doi:10.1111/j.1467-7687.2006.00490.x · Cited by 136 · see citing works
Cognitive control in autism spectrum disorders
Solomon, M., Ozonoff, S. J., Cummings, N., & Carter, C. S. (2008) · International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2007.11.001 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
Morton, J. B., Bosma, R. L., & Ansari, D. (2009) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.01.037 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Representational flexibility and response control in a multistep multilocation search task.
Zelazo, P. D., Reznick, J. S., & Spinazzola, J. (1998) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037//0012-1649.34.2.203 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
An fMRI investigation of a novel analogue to the Trail-Making Test
Jacobson, S. C., Blanchard, M. M., Connolly, C. G., Cannon, M. D., & Garavan, H. (2011) · Brain and Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.bandc.2011.06.001 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Kenworthy, L. E., Black, D. O., Wallace, G. L., Ahluvalia, T., Wagner, A. E., & Sirian, L. M. (2005) · Developmental Neuropsychology · doi:10.1207/s15326942dn2803_4 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Self-citationWilliams, D. M., Bowler, D. M., & Jarrold, C. (2012) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579411000794 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Cognitive Flexibility in ASD; Task Switching with Emotional Faces
de Vries, M., & Geurts, H. M. (2012) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-012-1512-1 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Margulies, D. S., & Petrides, M. (2013) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.2259-13.2013 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Brief Report: Further Evidence for Inner Speech Deficits in Autism Spectrum Disorders
Wallace, G. L., Silvers, J. A., Martin, A., & Kenworthy, L. E. (2009) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-009-0802-8 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Self-citationEzekiel, F., Bosma, R. L., & Morton, J. B. (2012) · Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.dcn.2012.12.001 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Impaired task switching performance in children with dyslexia but not in children with autism
Poljac, E., Simon, S., Ringlever, L., Kalcik, D., Groen, W. B., Buitelaar, J. K., & Harold Bekkering, A. (2009) · Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology · doi:10.1080/17470210902990803 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Functional imaging of developmental and adaptive changes in neurocognition
Berl, M. M., Vaidya, C. J., & Gaillard, W. D. (2005) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2005.10.007 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Self-citationFlexible rule use: Common neural substrates in children and adults
Wendelken, C., Munakata, Y., Baym, C. L., Souza, M., & Bunge, S. A. (2012) · Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.dcn.2012.02.001 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Representational flexibility and response control in a multistep multilocation search task.
Zelazo, P. D., Reznick, J. S., & Spinazzola, J. (1998) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037/0012-1649.34.2.203 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
The execution of arbitrary procedures by children with autism
Bı́ró, S., & Russell, J. A. (2001) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579401001079 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Dissociation of neural systems mediating shifts in behavioral response and cognitive set
Shafritz, K. M., Kartheiser, P., & Belger, A. (2005) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2004.12.054 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Cepeda, N. J., & Munakata, Y. (2007) · Psychonomic Bulletin & Review · doi:10.3758/bf03193091 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Real World Executive Control Impairments in Preschoolers with Autism Spectrum Disorders
Etemad, P., Kenworthy, L. E., Wills, M. C., Jarrett, M. H., Atmore, K., & Yerys, B. E. (2013) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-012-1747-x · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Self-citationFlexibility in young people with autism spectrum disorders on a card sort task
Reed, P., Watts, H., & Truzoli, R. (2013) · Autism · doi:10.1177/1362361311409599 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Faja, S., & Dawson, G. (2013) · Child Neuropsychology · doi:10.1080/09297049.2013.856395 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Williams, D. M., & Jarrold, C. (2013) · Autism Research · doi:10.1002/aur.1311 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
ABAS-II Ratings and Correlates of Adaptive Behavior in Children with HFASDs
Lopata, C. J., Fox, J. D., Thomeer, M. L., Smith, R. A., Volker, M. A., Kessel, C. M., McDonald, C. A., & Lee, G. K. (2012) · Journal of Developmental and Physical Disabilities · doi:10.1007/s10882-012-9277-1 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Yerys, B. E., Wolff, B. C., Moody, E., Pennington, B. F., & Hepburn, S. L. (2012) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-012-1443-x · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Self-citationWhy won’t you do what I want? The informative failures of children and models
Chatham, C. H., Yerys, B. E., & Munakata, Y. (2012) · Cognitive Development · doi:10.1016/j.cogdev.2012.07.003 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Self-citationPauli, A., Prata, D. P., Mechelli, A., Picchioni, M., Fu, C. H. Y., Chaddock, C. A., Kane, F., Kalidindi, S., McDonald, C., Kravariti, E., et al. (2012) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.22061 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Xiong (1999) · doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-0193(1999)8:2/3
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 3
- Gadow KD Sprafkin J Childhood Symptom Inventory - Fourth Edition 2000 Checkmate Plus Stony Brook, NY
- Gadow KD Sprafkin J Child & Adolescent Symptom Inventory - Fourth Edition Revised 2010 Checkmate Plus Stony Brook, NY
- Wechsler D Wechsler Scales of Intelligence - Fourth Edition 2003 Psychological Corporation San Antonio, TX
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Demystifying cognitive flexibility: Implications for clinical and developmental neuroscience
Dajani, D. R., & Uddin, L. Q. (2015) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/j.tins.2015.07.003 · Cited by 1,046 · see citing works
Lukito, S., Norman, L., Carlisi, C., Radua, J., Hart, H., Simonoff, E., & Rubia, K. (2020) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291720000574 · Cited by 248 · see citing works
Uddin, L. Q. (2021) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2020.05.010 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Uljarević, M., Hedley, D., Alvares, G. A., Varcin, K. J., & Whitehouse, A. J. O. (2017) · Autism Research · doi:10.1002/aur.1763 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Demetriou, E. A., Song, C. Y., Park, S. H., Pepper, K. L., Naismith, S. L., Hermens, D. F., Hickie, I. B., Thomas, E. E., Norton, A., White, D., et al. (2018) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41398-018-0193-8 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
An update on the neurobiology of repetitive behaviors in autism
Yerys, B. E. (2015) · International review of research in developmental disabilities · doi:10.1016/bs.irrdd.2015.06.006 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Self-citationCamia, M., Sacco, R., Boncoddo, M., Bellomo, F., Cucinotta, F., Ricciardello, A., Turriziani, L., Tomaiuolo, P., Costantini, R. C., D'Amico, R., et al. (2024) · Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.rasd.2024.102457 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
- Authors
- Yerys, B. E., Antezana, L., Weinblatt, R., Jankowski, K. F., Strang, J., Vaidya, C. J., Schultz, R. T., Gaillard, W. D., & Kenworthy, L.
- Affiliations
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (US)
- Children's National (US)
- Corresponding author
- Yerys, Benjamin E.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Autism Research
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2015-01-20
- Volume
- 8
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 386-397
- ISSN
- 1939-3792 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-3806
- PMC
- PMC4508240
- OpenAlex
- W2115610096
- Cited by
- 71
- References
- 89
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 3
- FWCI
- 3.21
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Autism Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (K23MH086111, R21MH092615, U54MH066417)
- National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (P30HD02679, P30HD40677)
- National Center for Research Resources (M01RR020359)
- Frederick and Elizabeth Singer Foundation
- Isadore and Bertha Gudelsky Foundation
- The Philadelphia Foundation
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetics and Neurodevelopmental Disorders
- Keywords
- autism spectrum disorder, set-shifting, cognitive flexibility, children, neural correlates, prefrontal cortex, switch costs, middle temporal gyrus, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, executive function
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Attention, Autistic Disorder, Brain, Brain Mapping, Child, Female, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Set, Psychology, Executive Function
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
