Topographic organization of convergent projections to the thalamus from the inferior colliculus and spinal cord in the rat
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to identify thalamic areas receiving convergent sensory inputs from acoustic and spinal projection systems in the rat. The topographic distribution of afferents to the thalamus from the inferior colliculus and spinal cord was examined by using WGA-HRP as an anterograde axonal tracer. Following injections in the inferior colliculus, terminal labeling was present in ventral, medial, and dorsal divisions of the medial genicuate body (MGB) and in adjacent areas of the posterior thalamus, including the posterior limitans nucleus, the posterior intralaminar nucleus, the marginal zone, the peripeduncular region, the lateral or parvicellular part of the subparafascicular nucleus, and a region intercalated between the posterior limitans nucleus and the suprageniculate nucleus. In the caudal thalamus spinal projections remained in the reticular formation medial to the collicular terminal field. At intermediate levels of the MG, however, the spinal projection began to overlap the collicular field, terminating in the medial division of the MG and in the posterior intralaminar nucleus, the marginal zone, the lateral subparafascicular nucleus, and the area between the suprageniculate and posterior limitans nuclei. More rostrally, the convergent field expanded to include aspects of the dorsal MG division. The extent to which afferent projections to the thalamus from the inferior colliculus and spinal cord converge is thus graded in the caudorostral plane, with the greatest overlap occurring at the level of the rostral third of the MGB. These observations identify potential areas of acoustic and somesthetic integration and may account for observations of neuronal plasticity in the thalamus in response to the pairing of acoustic and somesthetic inputs.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Tracing studies in rodents have shown that the PIL receives inputs from sensory regions such as the inferior and superior colliculus, auditory cortex, and spinal cord and projects to socially relevant brain regions including the PVH, lateral septum, MPOA, and medial amygdala.
“Tracing studies conducted in rodents have provided anatomical support for this theory, demonstrating that the PIL receives inputs from sensory regions such as the inferior and superior colliculus, auditory cortex, and spinal cord (3, 7-10) and projects to socially relevant brain regions including the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVH), the lateral septum, medial preoptic area (MPOA)”
From Social Interaction Elicits Activity in Glutamatergic Neurons in the Posterior Intralaminar Complex of the Thalamus (2024) · cites this paper as [8]
Cites
The Rat Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates
Paxinos, G., & Watson, C. (1983) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/c2009-0-63235-9 · Cited by 28,585 · see citing works
A stereotaxic atlas of the rat brain
Pellegrino, L. J., & Cushman, A. J. (1967) · Plenum Press eBooks · Cited by 4,688 · see citing works
Mesulam, M. M. (1978) · Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry · doi:10.1177/26.2.24068 · Cited by 4,303 · see citing works
The rat brain: A stereotaxic atlas of the forebrain and lower parts of the brain stem
König, J. F. R., & Klippel, R. (1986) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 4,134 · see citing works
Ledent, C. A., Valverde, O., Cossu, G., Petitet, F., Aubert, J.-F., Beslot, F., Böhme, G. A., Impérato, A., Pedrazzini, T., Roques, B. P., et al. (1999) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.283.5400.401 · Cited by 3,612 · see citing works
A stereotaxic atlas of the rat brain
Brodal, P. (1980) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/0306-4522(80)90013-5 · Cited by 2,799 · see citing works
Emson, P. C., Heffher, R. R., & Pearson, J. M. (1984) · Journal of Neuropathology & Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1097/00005072-198409000-00010 · Cited by 1,650 · see citing works
Biological and biochemical bases of behavior
Harlow, H. F., & Woolsey, C. N. (1958) · University of Wisconsin Press eBooks · Cited by 1,190 · see citing works
Reticular formation of the brain
(1959) · Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1016/0013-4694(59)90072-0 · Cited by 1,124 · see citing works
Handbook of Sensory Physiology
Newell, F. W. (1973) · American Journal of Ophthalmology · doi:10.1016/0002-9394(73)90115-3 · Cited by 986 · see citing works
Jones, E. G., & Leavitt, R. Y. (1974) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.901540402 · Cited by 882 · see citing works
ASCENDING AXON DEGENERATION FOLLOWING ANTEROLATERAL CORDOTOMY. AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY IN THE MONKEY
Mehler, W. R., Feferman, M. E., & Nauta, W. J. H. (1960) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/83.4.718 · Cited by 680 · see citing works
LeDoux, J., Sakaguchi, A., & Reis, D. (1984) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.04-03-00683.1984 · Cited by 532 · see citing works
Self-citationLeDoux, J. E., Ruggiero, D. A., & Reis, D. J. (1985) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.902420204 · Cited by 530 · see citing works
Self-citationSOME NEUROLOGICAL SPECIES DIFFERENCES ‐ A POSTERIORI *
Mehler, W. R. (1969) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1969.tb20460.x · Cited by 492 · see citing works
The diencephalon of the albino rat: studies on the brain of the rat. No. 2
Gurdjian, E. S. (1927) · Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.900430102 · Cited by 439 · see citing works
Jones, E. G., Burton, H., Saper, C. B., & Swanson, L. W. (1976) · Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.901670402 · Cited by 420 · see citing works
Handbook of sensory physiology
Walter, W. G. (1975) · Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery · doi:10.1016/0303-8467(75)90011-6 · Cited by 411 · see citing works
Diencephalic mechanisms of pain sensation
Albe-Fessard, D., Berkley, K. J., Kruger, L., Ralston, H. J., & Willis, W. D. (1985) · Brain Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/0165-0173(85)90013-x · Cited by 407 · see citing works
(1975) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-278656-3.x5001-7 · Cited by 391 · see citing works
THE NEURONAL ARCHITECTURE OF THE MEDIAL GENICULATE BODY OF THE CAT.
Morest, D. K. (1964) · PubMed · Cited by 335 · see citing works
Lund, R. D., & Webster, K. E. (1967) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.901300404 · Cited by 292 · see citing works
Calford, M. B., & Aitkin, L. (1983) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.03-11-02365.1983 · Cited by 281 · see citing works
Ascending projections of the inferior colliculus in the cat
Moore, R. Y., & Goldberg, J. M. (1963) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.901210109 · Cited by 253 · see citing works
Jones, E. G., & Burton, H. (1974) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.901540404 · Cited by 242 · see citing works
Zemlan, F. P., Leonard, C. M., Kow, L., & Pfaff, D. W. (1978) · Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1016/0014-4886(78)90059-6 · Cited by 235 · see citing works
Calford, M. B. (1983) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.03-11-02350.1983 · Cited by 233 · see citing works
Evidence for two organizational plans within the somatic sensory‐motor cortex of the rat
Donoghue, J. P., Kerman, K. L., & Ebner, F. F. (1979) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.901830312 · Cited by 233 · see citing works
Somatic stimuli exciting spinothalamic projections to thalamic neurons in cat and monkey
Perl, E. R., & Whitlock, D. (1961) · Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1016/0014-4886(61)90016-4 · Cited by 228 · see citing works
Kemplay, S., & Webster, K. E. (1986) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/0306-4522(86)90044-8 · Cited by 210 · see citing works
Ascending projections of the inferior colliculus in the cat: An autoradiographic study
Kudo, M., & Niimi, K. (1980) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.901910403 · Cited by 202 · see citing works
Andersen, R. A., Roth, G., Aitkin, L., & Merzenich, M. M. (1980) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.901940311 · Cited by 193 · see citing works
Heath, C. J., & Jones, E. G. (1971) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.901410402 · Cited by 187 · see citing works
Multimodal sensory activation of cells in the magnocellular medial geniculate nucleus
Wepsic, J. G. (1966) · Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1016/0014-4886(66)90053-7 · Cited by 171 · see citing works
The medial division of the medial geniculate body of the cat: implications for thalamic organization
Winer, J., & Morest, D. K. (1983) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.03-12-02629.1983 · Cited by 169 · see citing works
Morest, D. K. (1965) · PubMed · Cited by 166 · see citing works
Winer, J. A., & Larue, D. T. (1987) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.902570212 · Cited by 161 · see citing works
Medial geniculate body of the cat: responses to tonal stimuli of neurons in medial division.
Aitkin, L. (1973) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.1973.36.2.275 · Cited by 161 · see citing works
Some Fiber Pathways Related to the Posterior Thalamic Region in the Cat; pp. 363–378
Graybiel, A. M. (2008) · Brain Behavior and Evolution · doi:10.1159/000123723 · Cited by 159 · see citing works
An analysis of the posterior group of thalamic nuclei on the basis of its afferent connections
Jones, E. G., & Powell, T. P. S. (1971) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.901430204 · Cited by 151 · see citing works
Rinvik, E. (1968) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(68)90045-0 · Cited by 149 · see citing works
Comparative anatomy of the ventromedial mesencephalic tegmentum in the rat, cat, monkey and human
Halliday, G. M., & Törk, I. (1986) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.902520402 · Cited by 147 · see citing works
Ryugo, D. K., & Weinberger, N. M. (1978) · Behavioral Biology · doi:10.1016/s0091-6773(78)92351-9 · Cited by 145 · see citing works
Trigeminal afferents to the diencephalon in the rat
Peschanski, M. (1984) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/0306-4522(84)90066-6 · Cited by 144 · see citing works
Neurological Aspects of Auditory and Vestibular Disorders
Carpenter, M. B. (1965) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.15.7.691 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Ascending projections of the lateral lemniscus in the cat and monkey
Goldberg, J. M., & Moore, R. Y. (1967) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.901290203 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
Oliver, D. L., & Hall, W. C. (1978) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.901820305 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
LeDoux, J. E., Iwata, J., Pearl, D., & Reis, D. J. (1986) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(86)90383-5 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Self-citationProjections of the inferior colliculus in the monkey
Moore, R. Y., & Goldberg, J. M. (1966) · Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1016/0014-4886(66)90127-0 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
An air pressure system for the injection of tracer substances into the brain
Amaral, D. G., & Price, J. L. (1983) · Journal of Neuroscience Methods · doi:10.1016/0165-0270(83)90107-3 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Gabriel, M., Saltwick, S. E., & Miller, J. D. (1975) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1162365 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
The tecto‐thalamic connections in the brain of the rabbit,
Tarlov, E. C., & Moore, R. Y. (1966) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.901260304 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Auditory pathways to the cortex in Tupaia glis
Casseday, J. H., DIAMOND, I. T., & Harting, J. K. (1976) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.901660304 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
The connexions of the inferior colliculus and of the dorsal nucleus of the lateral lemniscus.
Woollard, H. H., & Harpman, J. A. (1940) · PubMed · Cited by 99 · see citing works
The ascending auditory pathway in the brain stem of the monkey
Barnes, W. T., Magoun, H. W., & Ranson, S. W. (1943) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.900790109 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Imig, T. J., & Morel, A. (1984) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.902270405 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Anatomy of the Afferent Auditory Nervous System of Mammals
Harrison, J. M., & Howe, M. E. (1974) · Handbook of sensory physiology · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-65829-7_9 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Interactions between somatic and visual or auditory responses in the thalamus of the cat
Hotta, T., & Kameda, K. (1963) · Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1016/0014-4886(63)90003-7 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Jones, E. G., & Röckel, A. (1971) · Cell and Tissue Research · doi:10.1007/bf00331201 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Rowe, M. J., & Sessle, B. J. (1968) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1968.sp008491 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Acoustic input to single neurons in pulvinar-posterior complex of cat thalamus
Phillips, D. P., & Irvine, D. R. F. (1979) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.1979.42.1.123 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Winer, J. A., Morest, D. K., & DIAMOND, I. T. (1988) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.902740310 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Love, J. A., & Scott, J. W. (1969) · Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology · doi:10.1139/y69-145 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Morest, D. K., & Winer, J. A. (1986) · Advances in anatomy, embryology and cell biology · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-70652-3_1 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Neylon, L., & Haight, J. R. (1983) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.902170402 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Physiological Studies of the Inferior Colliculus and Medial Geniculate Complex
Erulkar, S. D. (1975) · Handbook of sensory physiology · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-65995-9_3 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Functional organization of the medial geniculate body's subdivisions of the awake squirrel monkey
Allon, N., & Yeshurun, Y. (1985) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(85)91222-3 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
LeDoux, J. E. (2000) · Annual Review of Neuroscience · doi:10.1146/annurev.neuro.23.1.155 · Cited by 8,444 · see citing works
Self-citationDifferential contribution of amygdala and hippocampus to cued and contextual fear conditioning.
Phillips, R. G., & LeDoux, J. E. (1992) · Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.1037/0735-7044.106.2.274 · Cited by 3,292 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Amygdaloid Complex: Anatomy and Physiology
SAH, P., FABER, E. S. L., LOPEZ DE ARMENTIA, M., & POWER, J. (2003) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00002.2003 · Cited by 1,745 · see citing works
Cortical pathways to the mammalian amygdala
McDonald, A. J. (1998) · Progress in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/s0301-0082(98)00003-3 · Cited by 1,303 · see citing works
The neuroanatomical and neurochemical basis of conditioned fear
Fendt, M., & Fanselow, M. S. (1999) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/s0149-7634(99)00016-0 · Cited by 1,092 · see citing works
Pape, H.-C., & Pare, D. (2010) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00037.2009 · Cited by 994 · see citing works
The Vertebrate mesolimbic reward system and social behavior network: A comparative synthesis
O'Connell, L. A., & Hofmann, H. A. (2011) · Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.22735 · Cited by 986 · see citing works
New Vistas on Amygdala Networks in Conditioned Fear
Paré, D., Quirk, G. J., & Ledoux, J. E. (2004) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.00153.2004 · Cited by 841 · see citing works
Self-citationConnections of the rat lateral septal complex 1Published on the World Wide Web on 2 June 1997. 1
Risold, P. Y., & Swanson, L. W. (1997) · Brain Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/s0165-0173(97)00009-x · Cited by 671 · see citing works
Wilensky, A. E., Schafe, G. E., Kristensen, M. P., & LeDoux, J. E. (2006) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.4316-06.2006 · Cited by 533 · see citing works
Self-citationSomatosensory and auditory convergence in the lateral nucleus of the amygdala.
Romanski, L. M., Clugnet, M.-C., Bordi, F., & LeDoux, J. E. (1993) · Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.1037/0735-7044.107.3.444 · Cited by 446 · see citing works
Self-citationThe birth, death and resurrection of avoidance: a reconceptualization of a troubled paradigm
LeDoux, J. E., Moscarello, J., Sears, R., & Campese, V (2017) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/mp.2016.166 · Cited by 348 · see citing works
Self-citationCoolen, L. M., Peters, H. J. P. W., & Veening, J. G. (1996) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(96)00763-9 · Cited by 272 · see citing works
Neural activation following sexual behavior in the male and female rat brain
Veening, J. G., & Coolen, L. M. (1998) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/s0166-4328(97)00190-3 · Cited by 200 · see citing works
Anatomical study of the connections of the primary auditory area in the rat
Roger, M., & Arnault, P. (1989) · Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.902870306 · Cited by 181 · see citing works
Thalamic modulation of high-frequency oscillating potentials in auditory cortex
Barth, D. S., & MacDonald, K. D. (1996) · Nature · doi:10.1038/383078a0 · Cited by 174 · see citing works
Coolen, L. M., Peters, H. J. P. W., & Veening, J. G. (1997) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/s0306-4522(96)00542-8 · Cited by 166 · see citing works
The Physiology of Fear: Reconceptualizing the Role of the Central Amygdala in Fear Learning
Keifer, O. P., Hurt, R. C., Ressler, K. J., & Marvar, P. J. (2015) · Physiology · doi:10.1152/physiol.00058.2014 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
Linke, R. (1999) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1046/j.1460-9568.1999.00422.x · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Cservenák, M., Bodnár, I., Usdin, T. B., Palkovits, M., Nagy, G. M., & Dobolyi, A. (2010) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/en.2010-0767 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
A thalamo-preoptic pathway promotes social grooming in rodents
Keller, D., Láng, T., Cservenák, M., Puska, G., Barna, J., Csillag, V., Farkas, I., Zelena, D., Dóra, F., Küppers, S., et al. (2022) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2022.08.062 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Szabo, F. K., Snyder, N., Usdin, T. B., & Hoffman, G. E. (2010) · Endocrine · doi:10.1007/s12020-009-9266-z · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Manohar, S., Adler, H. J., Radziwon, K., & Salvi, R. (2020) · Hearing Research · doi:10.1016/j.heares.2020.108012 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Leithead, A. B., Godino, A., Barbier, M., & Harony-Nicolas, H. (2024) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2023.05.016 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Hearing, touching, and multisensory integration during mate choice
Lenschow, C., Mendes, A. R. P., & Lima, S. Q. (2022) · Frontiers in Neural Circuits · doi:10.3389/fncir.2022.943888 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
- Authors
- Ledoux, J. E., Ruggiero, D. A., Forest, R., Stornetta, R., & Reis, D. J.
- Affiliations
- Cornell University (US)
- Venue
- Journal of Comparative Neurology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 1987-10
- Volume
- 264
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 123-146
- ISSN
- 0021-9967 (ISSN-L)
- 1096-9861
- OpenAlex
- W2012943765
- Cited by
- 373
- References
- 67
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 13 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 10.05
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The Journal of Comparative Neurology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (HL-18974)
- National Institute of Mental Health (MH38774)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Multisensory perception and integration
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Tactile and Sensory Interactions
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Music Perception
- Keywords
- thalamus, inferior colliculus, spinal cord, thalamic afferents, topographic organization, medial geniculate body, suprageniculate nucleus, reticular formation, neuroplasticity, rats
- MeSH terms
- Afferent Pathways, Animals, Auditory Pathways, Brain Mapping, Geniculate Bodies, Horseradish Peroxidase, Inferior Colliculi, Male, Rats, Inbred Strains, Spinothalamic Tracts, Thalamus, Wheat Germ Agglutinins, Wheat Germ Agglutinin-Horseradish Peroxidase Conjugate, Rats
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review