Validation of the psychometric properties of the Self-Compassion Scale. testing the factorial validity and factorial invariance of the measure among borderline personality disorder, anxiety disorder, eating disorder and general populations
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BACKGROUND: During the last years, there has been a growing interest in self-compassion. Empirical evidences show that self-compassion is associated with psychological benefits among young adults and it might be considered a buffer factor in several mental disorders. AIMS: The aim of this study was to validate the psychometric properties of the Self-compassion Scale (SCS: Neff, 2003a) after the initial lack of replicating the original six-factor structure. METHOD: Data were collected from the overall database of a research centre (56 men and 305 women; mean age = 25.19) and comprised four groups: borderline personality disorder, anxiety disorder, eating disorder and general population. RESULTS: Confirmatory factor analysis supported a two-factor model (self-compassionate attitude versus self-critical attitude) with good internal consistencies, construct-related validity and external validity. Configural, weak measurement and structural invariance of the two-factor model of SCS were also shown. CONCLUSIONS: Findings support the generalizability of the two-factor model and show that both properties and interpretations of scores on self-compassion are equivalent across these population groups. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. KEY PRACTITIONER MESSAGE: A two-factor structure of SCS with strong psychometric validity was supported in clinical and non-clinical samples. Helping individuals with limited experiences of compassion to develop positive internal processing systems seems to be related with better mental health, self-acceptance and self-nurturing abilities. The non-probabilistic sampling limits the generalization of our conclusions.
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The SCS demonstrated good internal consistency in Chinese and Western population groups, and its Cronbach's alpha in this study was 0.85 overall (0.76 to 0.83 for subscales).
“The SCS demonstrated good internal consistencies in both Chinese (α = 0.84) [54] and Western population groups (α = 0.66 to 0.91) [55,56,57] (Cronbach’s α in this study = 0.85 for the overall SCS, 0.76 to 0.83 for the SCS subscales) [58].”
There is controversy over these constructs and their measurement particularly the combining of negative and positive items as a single measure and construct.
“There is controversy over these constructs and their measurement particularly the combining of negative and positive items as a single measure and construct [15, 74, 81, 90, 101, 120].”
From The development of compassionate engagement and action scales for self and others (2017) · cites this paper as [15]
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- Authors
- Costa, J., Marôco, J., Pinto‐Gouveia, J., Ferreira, C., & Castilho, P.
- Affiliations
- University of Coimbra (PT)
- ISPA - Instituto Universitário (PT)
- Corresponding author
- Costa, Joana
- Venue
- Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2016-09
- Volume
- 23
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 460-468
- ISSN
- 1063-3995 (ISSN-L)
- 1099-0879
- OpenAlex
- W1646428732
- Cited by
- 289
- References
- 45
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 29 · 2024: 25 · 2023: 29 · 2022: 33 · 2021: 29 · 2020: 30 · 2019: 31 · 2018: 23 · 2017: 30 · 2016: 17 · 2015: 2
- FWCI
- 29.76
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- hdl.handle.net
- Locations
- Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Portuguese National Funding Agency for Science, Research and Technology (RCAAP Project by FCT) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Portuguese National Funding Agency for Science, Research and Technology (RCAAP Project by FCT) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (SFRH/BPD/78227/2011)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Keywords
- self-compassion, Self-Compassion Scale, psychometric validation, measurement invariance, two-factor model, borderline personality disorder, anxiety disorders, eating disorders, cross-population generalizability
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Anxiety Disorders, Feeding and Eating Disorders, Borderline Personality Disorder, Empathy, Factor Analysis, Statistical, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Psychometrics, Reproducibility of Results, Young Adult
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