“I Know Things They Don’t Know!”: The Role of Need for Uniqueness in Belief in Conspiracy Theories
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Abstract. In the current research, we investigated whether belief in conspiracy theories satisfies people’s need for uniqueness. We found that the tendency to believe in conspiracy theories was associated with the feeling of possessing scarce information about the situations explained by the conspiracy theories (Study 1) and higher need for uniqueness (Study 2). Further two studies using two different manipulations of need for uniqueness (Studies 3 and 4) showed that people in a high need for uniqueness condition displayed higher conspiracy belief than people in a low need for uniqueness condition. This conclusion is strengthened by a small-scale meta-analysis. These studies suggest that conspiracy theories may serve people’s desire to be unique, highlighting a motivational underpinning of conspiracy belief.
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Conspiracy beliefs are higher when people want to feel good about themselves and the groups they belong to.
“conspiracy beliefs are higher when people want to (1) feel good about themselves and the groups they belong to [31,32,21]”
From The dark side of social movements: social identity, non-conformity, and the lure of conspiracy theories (2020) · cites this paper as [32]
Stronger uniqueness needs are linked to stronger conspiracy theory beliefs.
“studies found that stronger uniqueness needs were linked to stronger conspiracy theory beliefs [31,32,36].”
From The dark side of social movements: social identity, non-conformity, and the lure of conspiracy theories (2020) · cites this paper as [32]
All conspiracy theories assert to know of secret information.
“all conspiracy theories assert to know of secret information [32]”
From The dark side of social movements: social identity, non-conformity, and the lure of conspiracy theories (2020) · cites this paper as [32]
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BackgroundAnxious attachment and belief in conspiracy theories
Green, R., & Douglas, K. M. (2018) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2017.12.023 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Imhoff, R., Lamberty, P., & Klein, O. (2018) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167218768779 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Romer, D., & Jamieson, K. H. (2021) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/25215 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
The illusion of explanatory depth and endorsement of conspiracy beliefs
Vitriol, J. A., & Marsh, J. K. (2018) · European Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1002/ejsp.2504 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
The entertainment value of conspiracy theories
van Prooijen, J., Ligthart, J., Rosema, S., & Xu, Y. (2021) · British Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1111/bjop.12522 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
“, societal crisis situations), the present studies expand on a range of recent finding suggesting that conspiracy beliefs sometimes also may have psychological benefits: Belief in conspiracy theories is associatedwith feelingunique and special (Imhoff & Lamberty, 2017; Lantian et al., 2017), an inflated evaluation of…”
BackgroundBeliefs in conspiracy theories following ostracism
Poon, K.-T., Chen, Z., & Wong, W.-Y. (2020) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167219898944 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
“People who tend to believe in conspiracy beliefs reported a higher need for a feeling of uniqueness (Imhoff & Lamberty, 2017; Lantian et al., 2017) and lower self-esteem (e.”
BackgroundKlein, C., Clutton, P., & Dunn, A. (2019) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0225098 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Lantian, A., Müller, D., Nurra, C., Klein, O., Berjot, S., & Pantazi, M. (2018) · European Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1002/ejsp.2498 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
The Conspiracy Mentality Scale
Stojanov, A., & Halberstadt, J. (2019) · Social Psychology · doi:10.1027/1864-9335/a000381 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Individual, intergroup and nation-level influences on belief in conspiracy theories
Hornsey, M., Bierwiaczonek, K., Sassenberg, K., & Douglas, K. M. (2022) · Nature Reviews Psychology · doi:10.1038/s44159-022-00133-0 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Lantian, A., Bagneux, V., Delouvée, S., & Gauvrit, N. (2021) · Applied Cognitive Psychology · doi:10.1002/acp.3790 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Are conspiracy theories harmless?
Douglas, K. M. (2021) · The Spanish Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1017/sjp.2021.10 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
“For example, people who want to feel unique compared to others are more likely to believe in conspiracy theories (Lantian et al., 2017), as are peoplewho feel that a social group towhich they belong is important but underappreciated by others (Cichocka et al., 2016).”
BackgroundConspiracy beliefs and the individual, relational, and collective selves
Biddlestone, M., Green, R., Cichocka, A., Sutton, R. M., & Douglas, K. M. (2021) · Social & Personality Psychology Compass · doi:10.1111/spc3.12639 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Greifeneder, R., Jaffé, M. E., Newman, E. J., & Schwarz, N. (2020) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9780429295379 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
The role of system identity threat in conspiracy theory endorsement
Federico, C. M., Williams, A. L., & Vitriol, J. A. (2018) · European Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1002/ejsp.2495 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Gligorić, V., da Silva, M. M., Eker, S., van Hoek, N., Nieuwenhuijzen, E., Popova, U., & Zeighami, G. (2021) · Applied Cognitive Psychology · doi:10.1002/acp.3844 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
“The absence of the relationship between conspiratorial beliefs and the need for uniqueness is not in line with previous research (Imhoff & Lamberty, 2017; Lantian et al., 2017), though it is noteworthy that such research corroborated”
BackgroundResultJolley, D., Douglas, K. M., Skipper, Y., Thomas, E., & Cookson, D. (2021) · British Journal of Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1111/bjdp.12368 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Lyons, B. A., Mérola, V., & Reifler, J. (2018) · Health Communication · doi:10.1080/10410236.2018.1530526 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Winter, K., Pummerer, L., Hornsey, M., & Sassenberg, K. (2021) · British Journal of Health Psychology · doi:10.1111/bjhp.12550 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Psychological benefits of believing conspiracy theories
van Prooijen, J. (2022) · Current Opinion in Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.copsyc.2022.101352 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Why do narcissists find conspiracy theories so appealing?
Cichocka, A. K., Marchlewska, M., & Biddlestone, M. (2022) · Current Opinion in Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.copsyc.2022.101386 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Ardèvol‐Abreu, A., de Zúñiga, H. G., & Gámez, E. (2020) · British Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1111/bjso.12366 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Kay, C. S. (2021) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2020.110543 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Cookson, D., Jolley, D., Dempsey, R. C., & Povey, R. C. (2021) · Group Processes & Intergroup Relations · doi:10.1177/1368430221993907 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
“…factors such as distrust in authority, higher political cynicism, lower self-esteem, need for uniqueness, and heightened stress (AbalakinaPaap et al., 1999; Imhoff & Lamberty, 2017; Lantian et al., 2017; Swami et al., 2016) have also been shown to predict belief in conspiracy theories.”
BackgroundResultInfluentialConspiracy theories and social movements studies: A research agenda
Bertuzzi, N. (2021) · Sociology Compass · doi:10.1111/soc4.12945 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Biddlestone, M., Green, R., Douglas, K. M., Azevedo, F., Sutton, R. M., & Cichocka, A. K. (2022) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/rxjqc · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Lantian, A., Müller, D., Nurra, C., Klein, O., Berjot, S., & Pantazi, M. (2018) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/bgzt4 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Kay, C. S. (2021) · Journal of Research in Personality · doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2021.104128 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Anticipating and defusing the role of conspiracy beliefs in shaping opposition to wind farms
Winter, K., Hornsey, M. J., Pummerer, L., & Sassenberg, K. (2022) · Nature Energy · doi:10.1038/s41560-022-01164-w · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Papaioannou, K., Pantazi, M., & van Prooijen, J. (2022) · British Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1111/bjop.12602 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Hughes, J. P., Efstratiou, A., Komer, S. R., Baxter, L. A., Vasiljevic, M., & Leite, A. C. (2022) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0263716 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Regulatory Focus and Conspiratorial Perceptions: The Importance of Personal Control
Whitson, J., Kim, J., Wang, C. S., Menon, T., & Webster, B. D. (2018) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167218775070 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
The generic conspiracist beliefs scale – 5: A short-form measure of conspiracist ideation
Kay, C. S., & Slovic, P. (2022) · Journal of Research in Personality · doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2022.104315 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Detection of conspiracy propagators using psycho-linguistic characteristics
Giachanou, A., Ghanem, B., & Rosso, P. (2021) · Journal of Information Science · doi:10.1177/0165551520985486 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Normativity in studying conspiracy theory belief: Seven guidelines
Peels, R., Kindermann, N., & Ranalli, C. (2023) · Philosophical Psychology · doi:10.1080/09515089.2023.2191644 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Revised and short versions of the pseudoscientific belief scale
Fasce, A., Avendaño, D., & Adrián‐Ventura, J. (2021) · Applied Cognitive Psychology · doi:10.1002/acp.3811 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Making an impression: The effects of sharing conspiracy theories
Green, R., Toribio-Flórez, D., Douglas, K. M., Brunkow, J. W., & Sutton, R. M. (2023) · Journal of Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2022.104398 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Group-oriented motivations underlying conspiracy theories
van Prooijen, J. (2024) · Group Processes & Intergroup Relations · doi:10.1177/13684302241240696 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
“Believing conspiracy theories imply that one deviates from the main-stream, emphasizing people’s uniqueness (Imhoff & Lamberty, 2017; Lantian et al., 2017) and thus the distinctiveness of the social identity associated with conspiracist groups.”
Using Social Media to Communicate Sustainable Preventive Measures and Curtail Misinformation
Hauer, M. K., & Sood, S. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.568324 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
“Lantian et al. (2017) identified several characteristics of a person that is likely to believe in conspiracy theories including an openness to experience, low agreeability, distrust, and Machiavellianism (Grohol, 2018).”
BackgroundIs it pathological to believe conspiracy theories?
Bortolotti, L. (2023) · Transcultural Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/13634615231187243 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
“What motivation would there be to adopt a conspiracy belief? One powerful motivation is the need for uniqueness which can be described as our desire to be special, different from other people (Lantian et al., 2017).”
Nera, K., Jetten, J., Biddlestone, M., & Klein, O. (2022) · British Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1111/bjso.12536 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Durably reducing conspiracy beliefs through dialogues with AI
Costello, T. H., Pennycook, G., & Rand, D. G. (2024) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/xcwdn · Cited by 28 · see citing works
A call to action for librarians: Countering conspiracy theories in the age of QAnon
Beene, S., & Greer, K. (2021) · The Journal of Academic Librarianship · doi:10.1016/j.acalib.2020.102292 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
The Creativity of Conspiracy Theories
Bonetto, É., & Arciszewski, T. (2021) · The Journal of Creative Behavior · doi:10.1002/jocb.497 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Bertin, P., Delouvée, S., McColl, K., & van Prooijen, J. (2022) · Sport Management Review · doi:10.1080/14413523.2022.2127179 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Awake together: Sociopsychological processes of engagement in conspiracist communities
Wagner‐Egger, P., Bangerter, A., Delouvée, S., & Diéguez, S. (2022) · Current Opinion in Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.copsyc.2022.101417 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Self‐Worth and Politics: The Distinctive Roles of Self‐Esteem and Narcissism
Cichocka, A. K., Marchlewska, M., & Cisłak, A. (2023) · Political Psychology · doi:10.1111/pops.12897 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Loneliness trajectories over three decades are associated with conspiracist worldviews in midlife
Bierwiaczonek, K., Fluit, S., von Soest, T., Hornsey, M., & Kunst, J. (2024) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-024-47113-x · Cited by 22 · see citing works
“These beliefs may even enhance people ’ s self-image by explaining their loneliness with their uniqueness (e.g., I am alone because I understand things others do not understand) 17,25 .”
Engaging with conspiracy theories: Causes and consequences
Sassenberg, K., Bertin, P., Douglas, K. M., & Hornsey, M. J. (2022) · Journal of Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2022.104425 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Iatrogenic effects of Reboot/NoFap on public health: A preregistered survey study
Prause, N., & Binnie, J. (2023) · Sexualities · doi:10.1177/13634607231157070 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
“Narcissists are convinced their unique brilliance leads them to know more than scientists in the relevant fi eld (Bertin et al., 2021; Bowes et al., 2021; Lantian et al., 2017).”
Addressing Covid-19 Vaccination Conspiracy Theories and Vaccination Intentions
Pummerer, L., Winter, K., & Sassenberg, K. (2022) · European Journal of Health Communication · doi:10.47368/ejhc.2022.201 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
“Believing in conspiracy theories is linked to certain personality variables (Abalakina-Paap et al., 1999; Imhoff & Bruder, 2014; Lantian et al., 2017), but situational factors also make it more likely for conspiracy theories to evolve, which include individual or collective threat (Heiss et al.”
BackgroundStall, L. M., & Petrocelli, J. V. (2022) · Applied Cognitive Psychology · doi:10.1002/acp.3998 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Pummerer, L., Ditrich, L., Winter, K., & Sassenberg, K. (2022) · Social Psychology and Personality Science · doi:10.1177/19485506221144150 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
“First, research has repeatedly demonstrated that stronger conspiracy belief is connected to a higher need for uniqueness (Imhoff & Lamberty, 2017; Lantian et al., 2017), which undermines the influence of the majority (Imhoff & Erb, 2009).”
Conspiracy believers claim to be free thinkers but (Under)Use advice like everyone else.
Altay, S., Nera, K., Ejaz, W., Schöpfer, C., & Tomas, F. (2023) · British Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1111/bjso.12655 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Pennycook, G., Binnendyk, J., & Rand, D. G. (2022) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/d5fz2 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Albath, E. A., Greifeneder, R., Douglas, K. M., Cichocka, A. K., Marques, M. D., Wilson, M., Kerr, J. R., Sibley, C. G., & Osborne, D. (2024) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/01461672241292841 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
“…Sutton, 2023) and include psychological motivations (Douglas et al., 2017), personality characteristics (e.g., maladaptive personality facets; Stasielowicz, 2022; Swami et al., 2016), and relatively stable individual needs (e.g., need for uniqueness; Imhoff & Lamberty, 2017; Lantian et al., 2017).”
Dunning–Kruger effect and flat-earthers: An exploratory analysis
Barrigüete, J. L. A., Núñez-Mera, C. B., Fernández, J. L., & Nicolás, V. L. D. (2023) · Public Understanding of Science · doi:10.1177/09636625231166255 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Exploring vaccine hesitancy: the twofold role of critical thinking
Cannito, L., Ceccato, I., Bortolotti, A., Crosta, A. D., Malva, P. L., Palumbo, R., Domenico, A. D., & Palumbo, R. (2022) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-022-04165-w · Cited by 12 · see citing works
“First, on a social level, when people feel that their need to maintain a positive self-image (Fairfield et al., 2015; Lantian et al., 2017) or a positive image of their ingroup (Cichocka et al., 2016) is threatened, they are more likely to adopt conspiracy beliefs.”
BackgroundPennycook, G., Binnendyk, J., & Rand, D. G. (2025) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/01461672251338358 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
“For example, research has found that grandiose narcissism and a need for uniqueness may play a role in conspiracy beliefs (Imhoff & Lamberty, 2017; Lantian et al., 2017).”
Stojanov, A., Bering, J. M., & Halberstadt, J. B. (2021) · Psihologija · doi:10.2298/psi201115009s · Cited by 12 · see citing works
“These include the need for uniqueness (Imhoff & Lamberty, 2017; Lantian et al., 2017), the need to see the world as ordered and structured (Whitson & Galinsky, 2008), and, in particular, the need for personal control (van Prooijen & Acker, 2015).”
BackgroundFactors affecting conspiracy theory endorsement in paranoia
Greenburgh, A., Liefgreen, A., Bell, V., & Raihani, N. (2022) · Royal Society Open Science · doi:10.1098/rsos.211555 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Gollwitzer, A., & Oettingen, G. (2019) · Social Psychology · doi:10.1027/1864-9335/a000368 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Morisseau, T., Origgi, G., & Branch, T. Y. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.708751 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Conspiracy Theories and their Believers
Stockemer, D., & Bordeleau, J.-N. (2025) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781009570794 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Verschwörungsmentalität und Antisemitismus
Imhoff, R. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-658-31701-0_4 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Religions and Conspiracy Theories as the Authoritarian “Other” of Democracy?
Hidalgo, O. F. (2022) · Politics and Governance · doi:10.17645/pag.v10i4.5826 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
“Additionally, compared to religions, the ability of conspiracy theories to build communities is rather superficial and provisional, as the need for uniqueness—the claim to know things that others do not—is higher among conspiracy theorists than among religious believers (Lantian et al., 2017).”
BackgroundPoier, S., & Suchanek, M. (2024) · Journal of public health · doi:10.1007/s10389-024-02210-5 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
“During the past few decades, studies concerning conspiracy beliefs focused mainly on attitudes to politics or authorities (Swami and Furnham 2012; Imhoff and Bruder 2014), self-esteem (Cichocka et al. 2016), social dominance orientation (Swami 2012), or the need for uniqueness (Lantian et al. 2017).”
Comprehending Covidiocy Communication
Spitzberg, B. H. (2021) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781119751809.ch2 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Kim, S., Tam, L., & Taylor, M. (2023) · International Journal of Strategic Communication · doi:10.1080/1553118x.2023.2235332 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
“Current literature on psychology has identified factors that cause individuals’ beliefs in conspiracy theories (e.g., Lantian et al., 2017; Swami et al., 2016), such as attitudes toward authority (Imhoff & Bruder, 2014), political cynicism (Swami & Furnham, 2012), anomie, distrust in authority, and…”
BackgroundThe role of personality traits and online behavior in belief in fake news
Peter, E. L., Kwantes, P. J., D’Agata, M. T., & Vallikanthan, J. (2024) · Humanities and Social Sciences Communications · doi:10.1057/s41599-024-03573-6 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
“…susceptible to accepting conspiracy theories (Cichocka et al., 2016; Douglas and Sutton, 2011; Giancola et al., 2023; Hughes and Machan, 2021; Lantian et al., 2017; March and Springer, 2019) because of a general tendency or bias to believe information, thus making them more apt to consider…”
Toribio-Flórez, D., Altenmüller, M., Douglas, K. M., Gollwitzer, M., Adinugroho, I., Alfano, M., Apriliawati, D., Azevedo, F., Betsch, C., Białobrzeska, O., et al. (2025) · European Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1002/ejsp.70008 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
“…beliefs have been associated with psychological motives related to the defence and enhancement of the individual self (Biddlestone et al. 2021), such as narcissistic tendencies (Cichocka et al. 2016), a need for uniqueness (Lantian et al. 2017) and a need for control (van Prooijen and Acker 2015).”
Suganuma, H., Katahira, K., Ohtsuki, H., & Kameda, T. (2025) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2516827122 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Teličák, P., & Haľama, P. (2021) · Studia Psychologica · doi:10.31577/sp.2021.02.820 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Going beyond simplicity: Using machine learning to predict belief in conspiracy theories
Brandenstein, N. (2022) · European Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1002/ejsp.2859 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
`I-know-it-when-I-see-it' - Motivating Examples in the Psychology of Conspiracy Theory Theory
Dentith, M. R. X. (2024) · Routledge Open Research · doi:10.12688/routledgeopenres.17931.2 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Lateral Attitude Change: Stalking the Elusive Displacement Effect
Linne, R., Glaser, T., Pum, K., & Bohner, G. (2020) · Social Cognition · doi:10.1521/soco.2020.38.4.324 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
The culture of flat earth and its consequences
Erlaine, D. M. (2020) · Journal of Science & Popular Culture · doi:10.1386/jspc_00019_1 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Craig, K., & Sadovykh, V. (2022) · Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS) · doi:10.24251/hicss.2022.726 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Conspiracy beliefs and majority influence
Pummerer, L., Fock, L., Winter, K., & Sassenberg, K. (2024) · Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1080/00224545.2024.2397491 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
“Second , conspiracy beliefs are related to a higher need for uniqueness (Imhoff & Lamberty, 2017; Lantian et al., 2017).”
How Belief in Conspiracy Theories Addresses Some Basic Human Needs
Wheeler, E. A. (2020) · Identity in a changing world · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-38270-4_11 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Online Discourse and Social Media
Nilan, P. (2021) · Alternatives and futures · doi:10.1007/978-981-16-1811-6_2 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Ük, B., & Bahçekapılı, H. G. (2022) · Discover Psychology · doi:10.1007/s44202-022-00047-1 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
“As shown in the literature, people who need to be different believe in conspiracy theories and define themselves as ‘seeing and knowing ulterior motives that others do not see’ and feel special [27].”
BackgroundConspiracy Theories in the US: Who Believes in Them?
Stockemer, D. (2023) · The Forum · doi:10.1515/for-2023-2022 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Gordon, D. S., & Birney, M. E. (2025) · Journal of Social Issues · doi:10.1111/josi.12662 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
de Melo, L. W. S., Passos, M. M., & Salvi, R. F. (2020) · Revista Brasileira de Pesquisa em Educação em Ciências · doi:10.28976/1984-2686rbpec2020u275294 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
“…a isso, a questão que propomos discutir está mais alinhada ao entendimento da complexidade cultural e discursiva da crença em conspirações, que pode estar associada a diversos fatores, entre eles, questões motivacionais e de necessidade de exclusividade, remarcadas por Lantian et al. (2017).”
BackgroundConspiracy Theories About the Pandemic of COVID-19 and Their Function on the Greek Internet
Κακάμπουρα, Ρ., & Nounanaki, A.-L. (2022) · Advances in human and social aspects of technology book series · doi:10.4018/978-1-6684-4461-0.ch004 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
- Authors
- Lantian, A., Muller, D., Nurra, C., & Douglas, K. M.
- Affiliations
- Université Paris Nanterre (FR)
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
- Université Grenoble Alpes (FR)
- University of Kent (GB)
- Venue
- Social Psychology
- Publisher
- Hogrefe Publishing Group
- Published
- 2017-07
- Volume
- 48
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 160-173
- ISSN
- 1864-9335 (ISSN-L)
- 2151-2590
- OpenAlex
- W2735482984
- Cited by
- 176
- References
- 96
- Citations by year
- 2026: 15 · 2025: 22 · 2024: 26 · 2023: 21 · 2022: 31 · 2021: 26 · 2020: 18 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 10
- FWCI
- 24.51
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- doi.org
- Locations
- Social Psychology (publishedVersion)
- Kent Academic Repository (University of Kent) (submittedVersion)
- HAL (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- HAL (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Misinformation and Its Impacts
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social and Intergroup Psychology
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Paranormal Experiences and Beliefs
- Keywords
- conspiracy theories, need for uniqueness, conspiracy beliefs
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