Self‐Compassion Online: A Pilot Study of an Internet‐Based Self‐Compassion Cultivation Program for Psychology Trainees
Abstract
Objective: The current study sought to conduct a preliminary investigation of the effectiveness and feasibility of a novel, self‐guided online self‐compassion training for reducing psychological distress and increasing self‐compassion and happiness among psychology trainees. Method: A 6‐week online self‐compassion cultivation program was developed and delivered to Australian psychology trainees (n = 37), and a pre‐experimental repeated‐measures design was used to collect change data on self‐compassion, happiness, perceived stress, emotion regulation difficulties as well as symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress. Results: Participants reported significant increases in self‐compassion and happiness and significant decreases in depression, stress, and emotion regulation difficulties between pretest and posttest, with the majority of changes maintained at 3‐month follow up. Conclusion: This study provides preliminary evidence supporting the effectiveness and acceptability of online self‐compassion training as a positive, integrated, and meaningful way of reducing distress and promoting self‐compassion and happiness among trainee psychologists.
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The attrition rate in the present study was elevated (11/26; 42%) and falls at the superior end of the range of rates reported for minimally monitored or guided Internet-based online self-compassion interventions in nonclinical samples (17% to 55%).
“The attrition rate in the present study, while elevated (n = 11/26; 42%), falls at the superior end of the range of rates reported for minimally monitored or guided Internet-based online self-compassion interventions in nonclinical samples (17% to 55%; Eriksson et al., 2018; Finlay-Jones et al., 2017; Halamová et al., 2018a; Krieger et al., 2016; Sommers-Spijkerman et al., 2018).”
From Increasing access to pain management: Feasibility of a self-compassion psychoeducational website using a minimally monitored delivery model (2021) · cites this paper as Finlay-Jones et al., 2017
Self-compassion scores continued to increase when assessed three months post-treatment suggesting that participants likely continued to put into practice what they had learned and highlighting the importance of such practice.
“Self-compassion scores continued to increase when assessed three months post-treatment suggesting that participants likely continued to put into practice what they had learned and highlighting the importance of such practice (Finlay-Jones et al., 2017; Krieger et al., 2016).”
From Increasing access to pain management: Feasibility of a self-compassion psychoeducational website using a minimally monitored delivery model (2021) · cites this paper as Finlay-Jones et al., 2017
Online mindfulness-based interventions commonly have lower adherence rates, between 39.5% and 92%, and small effect sizes on mental health.
“Commonly, online MBIs have suffered lower intervention adherence rates, with rates varying between 39.5% and 92%, and small effect sizes on mental health (e.g., Centeno, 2020; Danilewitz et al., 2018; Finlay-Jones et al., 2017; Forbes et al., 2018; Spijkerman et al., 2016).”
From Feasibility of a Brief Online Mindfulness and Compassion-Based Intervention to Promote Mental Health Among University Students During the COVID-19 Pandemic (2021) · cites this paper as Finlay-Jones et al., 2017
The feasibility and adherence results of this study are slightly higher than those usually found in similar mindfulness intervention studies with university students.
“When compared to similar studies of mindfulness interventions delivered to university students, the results of this study regarding feasibility and adherence are slightly higher than those usually found (e.g., Centeno, 2020; Danilewitz et al., 2018; Finlay-Jones et al., 2017; Forbes et al., 2018).”
From Feasibility of a Brief Online Mindfulness and Compassion-Based Intervention to Promote Mental Health Among University Students During the COVID-19 Pandemic (2021) · cites this paper as Finlay-Jones et al., 2017
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Huprich, S. K., & Rudd, M. D. (2003) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/jclp.10233 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Can Compassion Meditation Contribute to the Development of Psychotherapists’ Empathy? A Review
Bibeau, M., Dionne, F., & Leblanc, J. (2016) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-015-0439-y · Cited by 64 · see citing works
The ambiguous nature of clinical training and its impact on the development of student clinicians.
Pica, M. (1998) · Psychotherapy · doi:10.1037/h0087840 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Stresses reported by UK trainee counselling psychologists
Kumary, A., & Baker, M. C. (2008) · Counselling Psychology Quarterly · doi:10.1080/09515070801895626 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Postpartum counselling after an emergency cesarean
Ryding, E. L., Wijma, K., & Wijma, B. E. (1998) · Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy · doi:10.1002/(sici)1099-0879(199812)5:4 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
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Pakenham, K. I. (2014) · Training and Education in Professional Psychology · doi:10.1037/tep0000074 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Personality style, psychological adaptation and expectations of trainee clinical psychologists
Brooks, J., Holttum, S., & Lavender, A. (2002) · Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy · doi:10.1002/cpp.318 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
(2013) · PsycEXTRA Dataset · doi:10.1037/e553932013-001 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Positive intervention self-selection: Developing models of what works for whom
Silberman, J. (2007) · International Coaching Psychology Review · doi:10.53841/bpsicpr.2007.2.1.70 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Helping colleagues to help themselves
Munsey, C. (2006) · PsycEXTRA Dataset · doi:10.1037/e521142006-021 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
1 of the 111 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
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Lattie, E. G., Adkins, E. C., Winquist, N., Stiles-Shields, C., Wafford, Q. E., & Graham, A. K. (2019) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/12869 · Cited by 843 · see citing works
“Of the 16 nonrandomized studies screened for risk of bias, the majority of studies (n=10 [113-115, 117 , 120, 122-125 122-125,”
Eriksson, T., Germundsjö, L., Åström, E., & Rönnlund, M. (2018) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02340 · Cited by 225 · see citing works
Self-care as a professional imperative: physician burnout, depression, and suicide
Kuhn, C. M., & Flanagan, E. M. (2016) · Canadian Journal of Anesthesia/Journal canadien d anesthésie · doi:10.1007/s12630-016-0781-0 · Cited by 200 · see citing works
“Another preliminary study reported benefits of an internetbased self-compassion cultivation program for psychology trainees, including increased happiness and decreased depression and stress.(57) Both interventions offer the advantage of asynchronous administration, allowing physicians to access and use the modalities…”
BackgroundBennett–Levy, J. (2018) · Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2018.08.004 · Cited by 137 · see citing works
González-García, M., Álvarez, J. C., Pérez, E. Z., Fernandez-Carriba, S., & López, J. G. (2021) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-021-01632-6 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
“When compared to similar studies of mindfulness interventions delivered to university students, the results of this study regarding feasibility and adherence are slightly higher than those usually found (e.g., Centeno, 2020; Danilewitz et al., 2018; Finlay-Jones et al., 2017; Forbes et al., 2018).”
BackgroundResultWasson, R. S., Barratt, C., & O’Brien, W. H. (2020) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-020-01342-5 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Sinclair, S., Kondejewski, J., Raffin‐Bouchal, S., King‐Shier, K. M., & Singh, P. (2017) · Applied Psychology: Health and Well-Being · doi:10.1111/aphw.12086 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Rudaz, M., Twohig, M. P., Ong, C. W., & Levin, M. E. (2017) · Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science · doi:10.1016/j.jcbs.2017.10.001 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Krieger, T., Reber, F., von Glutz, B., Urech, A., Moser, C. T., Schulz, A., & Berger, T. (2018) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.beth.2018.08.003 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
“…symptoms of anxiety (Raes, 2010). cultivating self-compassion Thus, self-compassion has recently been suggested to be an intervention target in an emotion regulation framework across mood and anxiety disorders (Finlay-Jones, 2017), and it seems a promising target for transdiagnostic interventions.”
BackgroundDelivery of Compassionate Mental Health Care in a Digital Technology–Driven Age: Scoping Review
Kemp, J., Zhang, T., Inglis, F., Wiljer, D., Sockalingam, S., Crawford, A. S., Lo, B., Charow, R., Munnery, M., Takhar, S. S., et al. (2019) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/16263 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
“Of the 37 articles, 15 [19,24,39,41,42, 45,46,48,51,52,57,58, 64-66] and 22 [20,26,35-38, 40, 43, 44 , 47, 49, 50, 53-56”
MethodNeff, K. D., Tóth‐Király, I., & Colosimo, K. (2018) · European Journal of Personality · doi:10.1002/per.2148 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Self-Compassion and Resilience at Work: A Practice-Oriented Review
Lefebvre, J., Montani, F., & Courcy, F. (2020) · Advances in Developing Human Resources · doi:10.1177/1523422320949145 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
“Although future research is needed to clarify self-compassion’s mechanisms of change and its specific impact, initial findings on clinical and non-clinical samples have shown a positive influence on key personal results like resilience (Beaumont et al., 2016; Finlay-Jones et al., 2017; Kemper et al., 2015; Olson & Kem…”
BackgroundCrego, A., Bernabé, J. R. Y., Riesco-Matías, P., Martínez, M. Á. G., & Vicente-Arruebarrena, A. (2022) · Psychology Research and Behavior Management · doi:10.2147/prbm.s359382 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
“Finlay-Jones et al16 performed pre-post comparisons and also included a 3-month follow-up.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialCompassionate education from preschool to graduate school
Jazaieri, H. (2018) · Journal of Research in Innovative Teaching & Learning · doi:10.1108/jrit-08-2017-0017 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
“A recent study by Finlay-Jones et al. (2017) looked at a novel online six-week self-compassion training program (detailed outlines of the specific components of the six modules are available in the original paper) for Australian psychology trainees (n¼ 37; average age: 32.61 years old, 89 percent…”
BackgroundInfluentialBooth, N. R., McDermott, R. C., Cheng, H., & Borgogna, N. C. (2019) · Journal of Counseling Psychology · doi:10.1037/cou0000350 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Self-Compassion in Clinical Samples: A Systematic Literature Review
Athanasakou, D., Karakasidou, E., Pezirkianidis, C., Lakioti, A., & Stalikas, A. (2020) · Psychology · doi:10.4236/psych.2020.112015 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Bell, C., Roberts, G., Millear, P. M. R., Allen, A., Wood, A. P., Kannis‐Dymand, L., Jona, C. M. H., & Mason, J. (2023) · Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy · doi:10.1002/cpp.2909 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Godara, M., Silveira, S., Matthäus, H., Heim, C., Voelkle, M., Hecht, M., Binder, E. B., & Singer, T. (2021) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0256323 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Goodridge, D. M., Reis, N. A., Neiser, J., Haubrich, T., Westberg, B., Erickson-Lumb, L., Storozinski, J., Gonzales, C., Michael, J., Cammer, A. L., et al. (2021) · JMIR Aging · doi:10.2196/28652 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
“The feasibility and effectiveness of delivering self-compassion programs on the internet has been demonstrated in several studies [32,33], but the proposed investigation is one of the first that we have identified to evaluate a mobile self-compassion program for primary caregivers of persons with dementia.”
Burnout and depression in Australian psychologists: The moderating role of self-compassion
McCade, D., Frewen, A., & Fassnacht, D. (2021) · Australian Psychologist · doi:10.1080/00050067.2021.1890979 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
“Within the psychology domain, a six week online self-compassion training programme significantly reduced symptoms of depression and stress, as well as emotion regulation difficulties among 37 trainee psychologists (Finlay-Jones et al., 2017).”
BackgroundSelf-compassion and the Mitigation of Negative Affect in the Era of Social Distancing
Guan, F., Wu, Y., Ren, W., Zhang, P., Jing, B., Xu, Z., Wu, S.-T., Peng, K.-P., & He, J.-B. (2021) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-021-01674-w · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Self-compassion in undergraduate nursing: an integrative review
Hagerman, L.-A., Manankil‐Rankin, L., & Schwind, J. (2020) · International Journal of Nursing Education Scholarship · doi:10.1515/ijnes-2020-0021 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Beshai, S., Bueno, C., Yu, M., Feeney, J. R., & Pitariu, A. (2020) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2020.103724 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Paucsik, M., Leys, C., Marais, G. A. B., Baeyens, C., & Shankland, R. (2022) · Stress and Health · doi:10.1002/smi.3142 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
“line as recent research showed that online interventions also decrease psychological distress and increase positive emotion sharing, resilience, and the various factors they target such as self‐ compassion or savouring (Brouzos et al., 2021; Finlay‐Jones et al., 2017; Yu et al., 2020).”
BackgroundLiu, Q., & Hu, Y. (2020) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-020-01034-2 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
López‐Del‐Hoyo, Y., Fernández‐Martínez, S., Pérez‐Aranda, A., Barceló‐Soler, A., Bani, M., Russo, S., Urcola‐Pardo, F., Strepparava, M. G., & García‐Campayo, J. (2023) · Journal of Clinical Nursing · doi:10.1111/jocn.16634 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Sherman, K. A., Roper, T., & Kilby, C. J. (2019) · Health Psychology and Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1080/21642850.2019.1587298 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
“The proposed mechanism is through emotion regulation, whereby selfcompassion enables an individual to more effectively regulate emotions when facing threats and stressors, in turn reducing their impact (Finlay-Jones et al., 2017).”
BackgroundSelf-compassion: Implications for work-family conflict and balance
Nicklin, J. M., Shockley, K. M., & Dodd, H. (2022) · Journal of Vocational Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.jvb.2022.103785 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Ahmed, A. N., & Raj, S. P. (2022) · Advances in Neurodevelopmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s41252-022-00305-2 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
“For example, online self-compassion interventions have been tested with psychology trainees (Finlay-Jones et al., 2016), mothers of infants (Mitchell et al.”
BackgroundFinlay‐jones, A. L., Parkinson, A., Sirois, F. M., Perry, Y., Boyes, M. E., & Rees, C. S. (2023) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/44016 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
“Given the potential benefits of self-compassion–based interventions for young people with chronic conditions, we sought to test Self-Compassion Online, a web-based, self-guided program designed to improve well-being and reduce distress by increasing self-compassion [48].”
BackgroundSelf-citationEngaging with distress: Training in the compassionate approach
McEwan, K., Minou, L., Moore, H., & Gilbert, P. (2020) · Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing · doi:10.1111/jpm.12630 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Andersson, C., Bergsten, K. L., Lilliengren, P., Norbäck, K., Rask, K., Einhorn, S., & Osika, W. (2020) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/jclp.23092 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Jiménez-Gómez, L., Yela, J. R., Crego, A., Melero-Ventola, A. R., & Gómez-Martínez, M. Á. (2022) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-021-01814-2 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Self-Compassion Mediates the Perfectionism and Depression Link on Chinese Undergraduates
Wei, S., Li, L., Shi, J., Liang, H., & Yang, X. (2021) · Annals of Palliative Medicine · doi:10.21037/apm-20-1582 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
“An Australian group has reported that a 6-week online self-compassion cultivation program can notably improve the self-compassion and happiness, as well as relieving the symptoms of depression, stress, and emotion regulation difficulties (71-73).”
BackgroundWasylkiw, L., Hanson, S., Lynch, L. M., Vaillancourt, E. S., & Wilson, C. S. (2020) · Canadian Journal of Higher Education · doi:10.47678/cjhe.v50i2.188679 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
“, Neff & Germer, 2013) that result in increases in mood, mindfulness, compassion for others, life satisfaction, and happiness, as well as corresponding decreases in anxiety, depression and stress (Finlay-Jones et al., 2017; Neff & Germer, 2013; Shapiro et al., 2005).”
Self-Compassion: Theory and Measurement
Neff, K. D. (2023) · Mindfulness in behavioral health · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-22348-8_1 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Finlay‐jones, A. L., Boyes, M. E., Perry, Y., Sirois, F. M., Lee, R. K., & Rees, C. S. (2020) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-020-8226-7 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Self-citationImproving Women's Self‐Compassion Through an Online Program: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Nadeau, M. M., Caporale-Berkowitz, N. A., & Rochlen, A. B. (2020) · Journal of Counseling & Development · doi:10.1002/jcad.12353 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Kulbaş, E., & Özabacı, N. (2021) · Journal of Happiness Studies · doi:10.1007/s10902-021-00472-4 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Njogu, A. N., Kaburu, F., Njogu, J. N., Barasa, E., Mutisya, A. K., & Luo, Y. (2023) · Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics · doi:10.1007/s10815-023-02771-6 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
“Our main findings indicated that SC-DS and SCV significantly decreased anxiety and depression, which aligns with previous studies on self-compassion [11, 29, 42].”
ResultSerlachius, A., Schache, K., Boggiss, A., Lim, D., Wallace-Boyd, K., Brenton-Peters, J., Buttenshaw, E., Chadd, S., Cavadino, A., Cao, N., et al. (2020) · JMIR Research Protocols · doi:10.2196/23716 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
“The seven modules and skills included in the app have all previously demonstrated efficacy for young people and as individual eHealth interventions: (1) identifying and rating emotions [20], (2) relaxation [19], (3) self-compassion [29,30], (4) gratitude [31,32], (5) staying connected [33,34], (6) physical care [35,36…”
BackgroundCultivating self-compassion within the supervision relationship
Coaston, S. C. (2018) · The Clinical Supervisor · doi:10.1080/07325223.2018.1525596 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Liu, A.-Y., Xu, B.-Y., Liu, M.-X., Wang, W.-C., & Wu, X.-C. (2023) · Journal of Mental Health · doi:10.1080/09638237.2023.2182411 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Cai, R. Y., Edwards, C., Love, A. M. A., Brown, L., & Gibbs, V. (2024) · Autism · doi:10.1177/13623613241235061 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Embodied and Embedded Mindfulness and Compassion Framework
Khoury, B., Lesage, M., Kasprzyk, A., Sadowski, I., Manova, V., Benchimol-Elkaim, B., Martins, C. D., Rigas, C., & Rej, S. (2025) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-025-02561-4 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Scalora, S. C., Anderson, M. R., Crete, A. A., Mistur, E. J., Chapman, A. L., & Miller, L. (2022) · Mental Health & Prevention · doi:10.1016/j.mhp.2022.200229 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Super, A., Yarker, J., Lewis, R., Keightley, S., Summers, D., & Munir, F. (2024) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph21101346 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Campos, D., Navarro-Gil, M., Herrera-Mercadal, P., Martínez-García, L., Cebolla, A., Borao, L., López-del-Hoyo, Y., Castilla, D., del Río, E., García-Campayo, J., et al. (2019) · JMIR Research Protocols · doi:10.2196/16717 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
“Finlay-Jones et al [26] gathered preliminary data on the feasibility and effectiveness of the Internet-Based Self-Compassion Cultivation Program for Psychology Trainees (N=37) in a pilot study.”
Fiodorova, A., & Farb, N. A. S. (2021) · Anxiety Stress & Coping · doi:10.1080/10615806.2021.1949000 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
“Online, reflective exercises that feature self-compassion practice have been shown to enhance wellbeing in clinical psychology trainees (Finlay-Jones et al., 2017), and as such, may serve as a mechanism for change in undergraduate student samples.”
BackgroundJohansson, M., Marcusson‐Clavertz, D., Gunnarsson, C., Olsson, I., Kaldo, V., & Bratt, A. S. (2022) · Internet Interventions · doi:10.1016/j.invent.2022.100574 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Self-compassion and suicide risk: a moderated mediation model and evidence from Chinese universities
Ge, D. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1165723 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
“The same validates the emotion regulation theory of self-compassion (Finlay-Jones et al., 2017; Liu et al., 2020).”
BackgroundA qualitative exploration of an autism-specific self-compassion program: The ASPAA
Edwards, C., Gibbs, V., Love, A. M. A., Brown, L., & Cai, R. Y. (2024) · Autism · doi:10.1177/13623613241234097 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Vivekananda, K., Parratt, C., Tucker, M., & Leonard, R. J. (2019) · Australian Psychologist · doi:10.1111/ap.12444 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
“The perceived increase in knowledge gained after completing the intervention is consistent with other online health related training interventions intended for university students (Finlay-Jones et al., 2017; Hintz et al., 2015).”
ResultDiggory, K., & Reeves, A. (2021) · Progress in Palliative Care · doi:10.1080/09699260.2021.1972722 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Enhancement of self compassion in psychotherapy: The role of therapists’ interventions
Galili-Weinstock, L., Chen, R., Atzil-Slonim, D., Rafaeli, E., & Peri, T. (2019) · Psychotherapy Research · doi:10.1080/10503307.2019.1650979 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
“Preliminary evidence suggests that, following these interventions, participants show an increase in SC levels (Finlay-Jones et al., 2017; Neff & Germer, 2013a), reduced levels of self-criticism and shame, and increased ability for self-soothing and self-reassurance (Gilbert & Procter, 2006; Lucre &…”
BackgroundOnline Self-Compassion Interventions and Wellbeing Outcomes: A Systematic Review of RCTs
Randhawa, A. K., & Vella‐Brodrick, D. (2025) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-025-02606-8 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Austin, J., Schroevers, M. J., van Dijk, J., Sanderman, R., Børøsund, E., Wymenga, A., Bohlmeijer, E. T., & Drossaert, C. H. C. (2023) · Digital Health · doi:10.1177/20552076231205272 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
“The handful of compassion-based eHealth interventions found in literature are directed at non-clinical populations and are mostly offered in a web-based, pdf or e-mail format, 22 – 25 with the exception of a mobile intervention for adolescents that offers exercises via push noti fi cations.”
BackgroundSelf-compassion training within a workplace physical activity program: A pilot study
Biber, D., Rice, K. G., & Ellis, R. (2021) · Work · doi:10.3233/wor-213436 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
“Futureimplementa-tion should consider tailoring the SC training to PA behavior, which may improve the effectiveness of and adherence to the intervention, potentially increasing SC [38].”
López-del-Hoyo, Y., Fernández-Martínez, S., Perez-Aranda, A., Monreal-Bartolomé, A., Barceló-Soler, A., Camarero-Grados, L., Armas-Landaeta, C., Guzmán-Parra, J., Carbonell, V., Campos, D., et al. (2025) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/59653 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
“Previous studies reported similar findings [64,66], but methodologically sound studies are required to ensure the long-term benefits of self-guided web-based programs in this population.”
Salafi, K. A., Widianti, E., & Praptiwi, A. (2023) · Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem · doi:10.1590/0034-7167-2022-0585 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
“Activities such as letter writing, reflection, meditation practice, and self-care activities to support meditation and selfcompassion has shown an amplifying effect on self-compassion and compassion for others by impacting education awareness and mindfulness(45).”
BackgroundCreatively Increasing Empathy: The Impacts of an Online Empathy Workshop
Kuhnley, A., Nguyen, T. H., Gantt‐Howrey, A., & Hinkley, P. (2021) · Journal of Creativity in Mental Health · doi:10.1080/15401383.2021.1936328 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Emotion-Focused Mobile App for Promoting Self-Compassion, Self-Protection, and Self-Criticism
Halamová, J., Mihaľo, J., & Bakoš, L. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph192113759 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
“[29] investigated the effectiveness of self-guided online self-compassion training among psychology trainees.”
BackgroundResultValluri, J., Gorton, K. L., & Schmer, C. (2023) · Holistic Nursing Practice · doi:10.1097/hnp.0000000000000626 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
“23,30 Well-trained teachers, who guide PNEIMED, Sufi, and TM meditations, have to go through a probationary period where they are observed, guided, and taught by master teachers.”
BackgroundInfluentialAn Exploration of Self-Compassion in Incarcerated Women
Ptacek, J. T., & Daubman, K. A. (2018) · Journal of Police and Criminal Psychology · doi:10.1007/s11896-018-9304-y · Cited by 7 · see citing works
ÖZ ŞEFKAT KAVRAMI VE ÖRGÜTSEL YANSIMALARI
Özpeyni̇rci̇, R., & KIRMIZI, C. (2020) · Business And Management Studies An International Journal · doi:10.15295/bmij.v8i3.1559 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Online self-compassion training vs. expressive writing: A randomized controlled trial
Linford, L. B., & Warren, J. S. (2024) · Journal of Positive Psychology · doi:10.1080/17439760.2024.2362431 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Knox, M. C., & Long, P. (2022) · Psychology Health & Medicine · doi:10.1080/13548506.2022.2094428 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
“…taught in person (Bluth et al., 2021; Delaney, 2018; Neff et al., 2020), a number of studies have found that self-guided (Eriksson et al., 2018; Finlay-Jones et al., 2016) and app-based (Wylde et al., 2017) self-compassion programs offered through computer-mediated platforms improve HCPs’…”
BackgroundMalik, L. (2024) · Journal of Applied Consciousness Studies · doi:10.4103/jacs.jacs_139_23 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Basque, D., Talbot, F., & French, D. J. (2021) · Internet Interventions · doi:10.1016/j.invent.2021.100458 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
de Souza, L. K., Reppold, C. T., Tavares, I., & Hutz, C. S. (2020) · Psico · doi:10.15448/1980-8623.2020.2.32939 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Caring for the Carer – Self-Compassion in the Health Professions
Pavlova, A., & Consedine, N. S. (2023) · Mindfulness in behavioral health · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-22348-8_14 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Experiences of Users with an Online Self-Guided Mental Health Training Program Using Gamification
van der Lubbe, L. M., Gerritsen, C., Klein, M. C. A., Rodgers, R. F., & Hindriks, K. V. (2023) · Journal of Healthcare Informatics Research · doi:10.1007/s41666-022-00124-z · Cited by 5 · see citing works
A pilot study of an online self-compassion intervention for adults who stutter
Croft, R. L., & Byrd, C. T. (2023) · International Journal of Speech-Language Pathology · doi:10.1080/17549507.2023.2236813 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Kang, S., Gu, Q., Qin, W., Liu, S., Xue, Y., Zheng, Q.-S., Gu, C.-H., & Cao, Y. (2025) · Behavioral Science · doi:10.3390/bs15070849 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
“Empirical studies have shown that these interventions can effectively enhance individuals’ levels of self-compassion (Finlay-Jones et al., 2017; Galla, 2016; Toole & Craighead, 2016).”
Demir, V., & GEN, K. K. (2023) · KADEM Kadın Araştırmaları Dergisi · doi:10.21798/kadem.2023.140 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Dreisoerner, A., Ferrandina, C., Schulz, P., Nater, U. M., & Junker, N. M. (2023) · Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science · doi:10.1016/j.jcbs.2023.08.001 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
The Effectiveness of Compassionate Mind Training (CMT) for Undergraduate Students
Póka, T., & Barta, A. (2024) · Journal of Evidence-Based Psychotherapies · doi:10.24193/jebp.2024.2.12 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Gutiérrez-Hernández, M. E., Fanjul, L. F., Díaz, A., Oyanadel, C., & Castro, W. P. (2023) · European Journal of Investigation in Health Psychology and Education · doi:10.3390/ejihpe13040058 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
“These results were also observed with an online internet program [21].”
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Yates, J. (2025) · International Journal for Educational and Vocational Guidance · doi:10.1007/s10775-025-09726-6 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
A pilot study on the efficacy of an online mindfulness intervention for Canadian police officers
Fleischmann, M. H., Boudreau, A., Vincent, M., Charman, M., Collie, E., Johnston, R., & Khoury, B. (2024) · Journal of Community Safety and Well-Being · doi:10.35502/jcswb.364 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
A tripartite perspective on self-evaluation: Three forms of self-regard and their social basis
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How Strength-based Counseling effects on Self-Compassion and Future Time Perspective in adolescents?
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“Based on recent studies, self-compassion can help adolescents succeed in controlling stress [8].”
Halamová, J., Mihalo, J., & Bakoš, L. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1047022 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
“Like previous studies (Finlay-Jones et al., 2016; Eriksson et al., 2018; Mak et al., 2018; Linardon et al., 2019) we found that it is possible to increase self-compassion and reduce self-criticism by offering short online mobile apps or online-based apps.”
BackgroundNoei, F. R., Atashi, V., & Ashouri, E. (2023) · The Journal of Mental Health Training Education and Practice · doi:10.1108/jmhtep-08-2022-0068 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
"Өөртөө энэрэнгүй хандах байдлыг хэмжих" асуулгын психометрик чанарыг судалсан нь
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Does a Brief Mindfulness Training Enhance Heartfulness in Students? Results of a Pilot Study
Rudaz, M., Ledermann, T., Twohig, M. P., & Levin, M. E. (2019) · OBM Integrative and Complementary Medicine · doi:10.21926/obm.icm.1904059 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
“This is in line with other studies that demonstrated positive effects on people’s mindfulness and self-compassion after a mindfulness-based and compassion-based training [7, 14, 25].”
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Self-Compassion Versus Self-Esteem for an Experience of Ostracism
Anderson, R. S. (2019) · Digital Commons - DU (University of Denver) · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Mersin, S., Kuş, İ., & Mercan, N. (2025) · Perspectives In Psychiatric Care · doi:10.1155/ppc/8533257 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
“Additionally, the study conducted by Finlay-Jones et al. [17] revealed that interventions based on the development of self-compassion have positive efects on individuals’ coping with stress, thereby reducing potential physical health problems.”
Heng, H., Zheng, Y., Zheng, F., Su, H., Tang, L., Zhao, Y., He, Y., & Yang, G. (2025) · BMC Psychology · doi:10.1186/s40359-025-03120-1 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
“Finlay-Jones [67] found that self-compassion was effective in improving psychologists’ well-being and reducing depression, stress, and difficulty regulating emotions, and that the intervention effect remained unchanged at 3 months of follow-up.”
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Dong, D., Mu, T., Xu, J.-Y., Dai, J.-N., Zhou, Z.-N., Zhang, Q.-Z., & Shen, C. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.931802 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
“The intervention time is also getting shorter [6 weeks (Finlay-Jones et al., 2017; Rodgers et al., 2018; Andersson et al., 2020), 4 weeks (Mak et al.”
BackgroundThe Story of Compassion: From Ancient Texts to Modern Practice
Maurya, R. K., & DeDiego, A. C. (2024) · Journal of Humanistic Psychology · doi:10.1177/00221678241233786 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Owen, J., Biggart, L., Fisher, P., Figueredo, A., Al-Rousi, S., Colvin-Jarvis, J., Williamson, E., & Sanderson, K. A. (2024) · The Journal of Mental Health Training Education and Practice · doi:10.1108/jmhtep-01-2024-0009 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Mapping workplace compassion research across the social sciences: A bibliometric review
Kunst, H., Byington, E. K., Johnson, A. M., & Nguyen, H. (2025) · Australian Journal of Management · doi:10.1177/03128962251358615 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Using Topic Modelling to Personalise a Digital Self-compassion Training
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“However, online alternatives also exist [4,10].”
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Teacher Candidates' Perspectives on Self-Care: Lessons from the COVID-19 Pandemic
Thomas, M. S., & Howell, P. B. (2021) · Kentucky Teacher Education Journal The Journal of the Teacher Education Division of the Kentucky Council for Exceptional Children · doi:10.61611/2995-5904.1032 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
- Authors
- Finlay‐Jones, A., Kane, R., & Rees, C.
- Affiliations
- Curtin University (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Finlay‐Jones, Amy
- Venue
- Journal of Clinical Psychology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2016-10-27
- Volume
- 73
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 797-816
- ISSN
- 0021-9762 (ISSN-L)
- 1097-4679
- OpenAlex
- W2542835748
- Cited by
- 139
- References
- 111
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 18 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 23 · 2022: 18 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 18 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 1
- FWCI
- 9.83
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Clinical Psychology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- eSpace (Curtin University) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Digital Mental Health Interventions
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Psychological Well-being and Life Satisfaction
- Keywords
- self-compassion, online intervention, trainee psychologists, psychological distress, happiness, depression, anxiety, stress, emotion regulation, self-guided training, feasibility
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Depression, Empathy, Female, Health Promotion, Humans, Male, Mental Health, Pilot Projects, Psychology, Self Concept, Stress, Psychological, Students, Health Occupations, Internet, Self Report
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