Anhedonia in depression and bipolar disorder
Abstract
Anhedonia is a hallmark feature of depression and is highly prevalent among individuals with mood disorders. The history and neurobiology of anhedonia has been most extensively studied in the context of unipolar Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), with converging lines of evidence indicating that marked anhedonia heralds a more chronic and treatment-refractory illness course. Furthermore, findings from neuroimaging studies suggest that anhedonia in MDD is associated with aberrant reward-related activation in key brain reward regions, particularly blunted reward anticipation-related activation in the ventral striatum. However, the ongoing clinical challenge of treating anhedonia in the context of Bipolar Disorder (BD) also highlights important gaps in our understanding of anhedonia's prevalence, severity, and pathophysiology along the entire mood disorder spectrum. In addition, although current theoretical models posit a key role for reward hyposensitivity in BD depression, unlike studies in MDD, studies in BD do not clearly show evidence for reduced reward-related activation in striatal or other brain regions. Although further research is needed, the evidence to date hints at a divergent pathophysiology for anhedonia in unipolar and bipolar mood disorders, which, if better understood, could lead to significant improvements in the diagnosis and treatment of MDD and BD.
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Anhedonia experienced in bipolar disorder has partially distinct neurophysiology from that in unipolar depression.
“Anhedonia experienced in bipolar disorder has been found to have partially distinct neurophysiology to that in unipolar depression (77).”
From Predictive coding and neurocomputational psychiatry: a mechanistic framework for understanding mental disorders (2026) · cites this paper as [77]
The positive valence system is often hyporesponsive in those with anxiety or depression.
“Hypo-responsivity of the positive valence system characterizes depression(22) and some forms of anxiety(23) (most notably social anxiety disorder(24) and post-traumatic stress disorder(25)) – evidenced by low positive affect,(24) diminished approach motivation and behavior,(26, 27) and reduced activation in mesolimbic circuits during reward processing,(25, 28) including anticipation of social Rewa”
Hypo-responsivity of the positive valence system characterizes depression and some forms of anxiety, evidenced by low positive affect, diminished approach motivation and behavior, and reduced activation in mesolimbic circuits during reward processing, including anticipation of social rewards.
“Hypo-responsivity of the positive valence system characterizes depression(22) and some forms of anxiety(23) (most notably social anxiety disorder(24) and post-traumatic stress disorder(25)) – evidenced by low positive affect,(24) diminished approach motivation and behavior,(26, 27) and reduced activation in mesolimbic circuits during reward processing,(25, 28) including anticipation of social Rewa”
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Anhedonia and Depressive Disorders
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- Authors
- Whitton, A. E., & Pizzagalli, D. A.
- Affiliations
- Black Dog Institute (AU)
- Harvard University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Pizzagalli, Diego A.
- Venue
- Current topics in behavioral neurosciences
- Publisher
- Springer International Publishing
- Published
- 2022
- Volume
- 58
- Pages
- 111-127
- ISSN
- 1866-3370 (ISSN-L)
- 1866-3389
- OpenAlex
- W4223540410
- Cited by
- 80
- References
- 86
- Citations by year
- 2026: 24 · 2025: 29 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 3
- FWCI
- 76.39
- Type
- book chapter
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Current topics in behavioral neurosciences (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (P50MH119467, R01MH095809, R37MH068376)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Bipolar Disorder and Treatment
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Treatment of Major Depression
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Keywords
- anhedonia, major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, reward processing, ventral striatum, reward anticipation, treatment-resistant depression, mood disorders
- MeSH terms
- Bipolar Disorder, Depression, Major Depressive Disorder, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Reward, Anhedonia, Ventral Striatum
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