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Cited by 415Attention Deficit Hyperactivity DisorderSmoking Behavior and CessationNicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors Study

Nicotine effects on adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Levin, E. D., Conners, C. K., Sparrow, E., Hinton, S. C., Erhardt, D., Meck, W. H., Rose, J. E., March, J.·1996·Psychopharmacology
DOI 10.1007/bf02246281
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Abstract

Several lines of evidence suggest that nicotine may be useful in treating the symptoms of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). The current study was an acute, placebo-controlled double-blind experiment to determine whether nicotine might be useful as an alternative treatment of adults with ADHD symptomatology. Six smokers and 11 nonsmokers who were outpatient referrals for ADHD were diagnosed by DSM-IV criteria. Measures of treatment effect included the Clinical Global Impressions (CGI) scale, Hopkins' symptom check list (SCL-90-R), the Profile of Mood States (POMS), Conners' computerized Continuous Performance Test (CPT), the Stroop test, and an interval-timing task. The smokers underwent overnight deprivation from smoking and were given a 21 mg/day nicotine skin patch for 4.5 h during a morning session. The nonsmokers were given a 7 mg/day nicotine skin patch for 4.5 h during a morning session. Active and placebo patches were given in a counter-balanced order approximately 1 week apart. Nicotine caused a significant overall nicotine-induced improvement on the CGI. This effect was significant when only the nonsmokers were considered, which indicated that it was not due merely to withdrawal relief. Nicotine caused significantly increased vigor as measured by the POMS test. Nicotine caused an overall significant reduction in reaction time (RT) on the CPT, as well as, with the smokers, a significant reduction in another index of inattention, variability in reaction time over trial blocks. Nicotine improved accuracy of time estimation and lowered variability of time-estimation response curves. Because improvements occurred among nonsmokers, the nicotine effect appears not to be merely a relief of withdrawal symptoms. It is concluded that nicotine deserves further clinical trials with ADHD.

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Crossref · 10.1007/bf02246281

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  • Acute nicotine administered via the patch improved attention in adults and young adults with ADHD.

    “Acute nicotine administered via the patch improved attention in adults and young adults with ADHD (Levin et al., 1996; Potter & Newhouse, 2008).”

    From Nicotine addiction and psychiatric disorders (2015) · cites this paper as Levin et al., 1996

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Authors
Levin, E. D., Conners, C. K., Sparrow, E., Hinton, S. C., Erhardt, D., Meck, W. H., Rose, J. E., & March, J.
Affiliations
  • Duke Medical Center (US)
  • Duke University (US)
ORCID
Venue
Psychopharmacology
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
1996-01
Volume
123
Issue
1
Pages
55-63
ISSN
  • 0033-3158 (ISSN-L)
  • 1432-2072
DOI
10.1007/bf02246281
OpenAlex
W2115005692
Cited by
415
References
55
Citations by year
2026: 1 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 19 · 2014: 19 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 22
FWCI
13.48
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
Locations
  • Psychopharmacology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • National Institutes of Health (5k20mh000981-04, 5k05mh001229-04)
  • National Institute of Mental Health (K05MH0122903, K20MH00981-02)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Smoking Behavior and Cessation
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors Study
Keywords
nicotine, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, adult ADHD, nicotine withdrawal, inattention, reaction time, time estimation, sustained attention, mood, ADHD treatment
MeSH terms
Adult, Analysis of Variance, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Humans, Middle Aged, Nicotine, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Surveys and Questionnaires, Reaction Time, Smoking

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