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Cited by 209Physical Activity and HealthDiabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and LipoproteinsDiabetes Management and Research

Leisure time physical activity and the risk of type 2 diabetes in men and women from the general population: The MONICA/KORA Augsburg Cohort Study

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Meisinger, C., L�wel, H., Thorand, B., D�ring, A.·2005·Diabetologia
DOI 10.1007/s00125-004-1604-3
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Abstract

Aims/hypothesis The aim of this study was to examine sex-specific associations between leisure time physical activity and incident type 2 diabetes in a representative population sample in Germany.Methods The study was based on 4,069 men and 4,034 women (aged 25 to 74 years) who participated in one of the three MONICA Augsburg surveys between 1984 and 1995. Subjects were free of diabetes at baseline. Incident cases of type 2 diabetes were assessed in 1998 using a follow-up questionnaire. Sex-specific hazard ratios (HRs) were estimated from Cox proportional hazard models.Results A total of 145 cases of incident type 2 diabetes among men and 82 among women were registered during the mean follow-up period of 7.4 years. In both sexes, a high leisure time physical activity level was associated with a reduced risk of incident type 2 diabetes. After adjustment for confounding factors, the HR in highly active men (more than 2 h physical activity per week in summer and winter) was 0.83 (95% CI: 0.50-1.36). In contrast, highly active women had the lowest risk of type 2 diabetes even after multivariable adjustment (HR 0.24; 95% CI: 0.06-0.98). In subgroup analyses, after multivariable adjustment, the protective effect of moderate to high physical activity was significant in women with a BMI below 30 kg/m(2) (HR 0.24; 95% CI: 0.09-0.65) but not in women with a BMI of 30 kg/m(2) or higher (HR 0.97; 95% CI: 0.44-2.11).Conclusions/interpretation Leisure time physical activity is effective in preventing type 2 diabetes, especially in nonobese women, in the general population.

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  • Short sleep duration is associated with impaired glucose tolerance and an increased risk of diabetes.

    “Short sleep duration is associated with impaired glucose tolerance and an increased risk of diabetes.”

    From Sleep Restriction for 1 Week Reduces Insulin Sensitivity in Healthy Men (2010) · cites this paper as [10]

    The Results and Discussion passages (page numbers unavailable) address leisure-time physical activity and diabetes risk, not sleep duration. Searches for short sleep, sleep duration, and sleep deprivation found no passage linking sleep to impaired glucose tolerance or diabetes risk in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.75)

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  • Insufficient sleep duration (quantity) has been associated with an increased risk of obesity, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndrome, and early mortality.

    “Insufficient sleep duration (quantity) has been associated with an increased risk of obesity (3–6,51), type 2 diabetes (7–11), hypertension (12), cardiovascular disease (13,14), metabolic syndrome (a combination of cardiovascular and metabolic dysfunction) (15), and early mortality (14,16,17,19–21,52).”

    From Sleep Restriction for 1 Week Reduces Insulin Sensitivity in Healthy Men (2010) · cites this paper as [10]

    The Discussion and Statistical analysis sections examine leisure-time physical activity and type 2 diabetes, not sleep duration. Searches for insufficient sleep and sleep duration found no passage addressing an association between sleep and diabetes; the other listed outcomes have separate citations in the citing sentence. (LLM, conf=0.78)

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  • Individuals with deficient or disrupted sleep exhibit an increased risk for type 2 diabetes.

    “additional epidemiological studies showing that also individuals with deficient or disrupted sleep exhibit an increased risk for type 2 diabetes [141–143].”

    From Circadian control of glucose metabolism (2014) · cites this paper as [141]

  • Impaired sleep quality, such as difficulty initiating or maintaining sleep, has been associated with increased odds of developing diabetes in multiple studies.

    “Furthermore, impaired sleep quality, such as difficulty initiating or maintaining sleep, has been associated with increased odds of developing diabetes in multiple studies [188–193].”

    From Association between sleep deficiency and cardiometabolic disease: implications for health disparities (2016) · cites this paper as [190]

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Authors
Meisinger, C., L�wel, H., Thorand, B., & D�ring, A.
Affiliations
Helmholtz Munich (DE)
Corresponding author
Meisinger, C.
ORCID
Venue
Diabetologia
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
2004-12-23
Volume
48
Issue
1
Pages
27-34
ISSN
  • 0012-186X (ISSN-L)
  • 1432-0428
DOI
10.1007/s00125-004-1604-3
OpenAlex
W1515035475
Cited by
209
References
35
Citations by year
2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 17 · 2015: 17 · 2014: 19 · 2013: 17 · 2012: 11
FWCI
4.52
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
Locations
  • Diabetologia (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Site cant be reached (submittedVersion)
  • OPUS (Augsburg University) (submittedVersion)
Funders
  • National Research Centre
  • Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Physical Activity and Health
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
Keywords
leisure-time physical activity, type 2 diabetes, diabetes prevention, sex differences, body mass index, non-obese women, incident diabetes risk
MeSH terms
Alcohol Drinking, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Female, Germany, Humans, Leisure Activities, Male, Middle Aged, Obesity, Risk Factors, Sex Characteristics, Smoking, Socioeconomic Factors, Cohort Studies, Incidence

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