CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 204Physical Activity and HealthCardiovascular and exercise physiologyDiabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 42 of the 43 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

‘Exercise snacks’ before meals: a novel strategy to improve glycaemic control in individuals with insulin resistance

Francois, Monique E., Baldi, James C., Manning, Patrick J., Lucas, Samuel J. E., Hawley, John A., Williams, Michael J. A., Cotter, James D.·2014·Diabetologia
DOI 10.1007/s00125-014-3244-6
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Aims/hypothesis The aim of this study was to investigate whether small doses of intense exercise before each main meal ('exercise snacks') would result in better blood glucose control than a single bout of prolonged, continuous, moderate-intensity exercise in individuals with insulin resistance.Methods Nine individuals completed three exercise interventions in randomised order. Measures were recorded across 3 days with exercise performed on the middle day, as either: (1) traditional continuous exercise (CONT), comprising 30 min moderate-intensity (60% of maximal heart rate [HRmax]) incline walking before dinner; (2) exercise snacking (ES), consisting of 6 × 1 min intense (90% HRmax) incline walking intervals 30 min before each meal; or (3) composite exercise snacking (CES), encompassing 6 × 1 min intervals alternating between walking and resistance-based exercise, 30 min before meals. Meal timing and composition were controlled within participants for exercise interventions.Results ES attenuated mean 3 h postprandial glucose concentration following breakfast (by 1.4 ± 1.5 mmol/l, p = 0.02) but not lunch (0.4 ± 1.0 mmol/l, p = 0.22), and was more effective than CONT following dinner (0.7 ± 1.5 mmol/l below CONT; p = 0.04). ES also reduced 24 h mean glucose concentration by 0.7 ± 0.6 mmol/l (p = 0.01) and this reduction persisted for the subsequent 24 h (lower by 0.6 ± 0.4 mmol/l vs CONT, relative to their baselines; p = 0.01). CES was just as effective as ES (p > 0.05 for all glycaemic variables) at improving glycaemic control.Conclusions/interpretation Dosing exercise as brief, intense 'exercise snacks' before main meals is a time-efficient and effective approach to improve glycaemic control in individuals with insulin resistance.

Overview

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1007/s00125-014-3244-6

Cites

42 of 42 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Verification

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Citations

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

1 of the 43 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.

Research works printed but not linked: 1

  1. World Health Organization (2010) Global recommendations on physical activity for health. World Health Organization, Geneva

Cited by

Sorted by citations

See all 204

Related

See all

Metadata

Authors
Francois, M. E., Baldi, J. C., Manning, P. J., Lucas, S. J. E., Hawley, J. A., Williams, M. J. A., & Cotter, J. D.
Affiliations
  • University of Otago (NZ)
  • University of Birmingham (GB)
  • Liverpool John Moores University (GB)
Corresponding author
Cotter, James D.
ORCID
Venue
Diabetologia
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
2014-05-10
Volume
57
Issue
7
Pages
1437-1445
ISSN
  • 0012-186X (ISSN-L)
  • 1432-0428
DOI
10.1007/s00125-014-3244-6
OpenAlex
W2140601370
Cited by
204
References
43
Citations by year
2026: 34 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 18 · 2015: 16 · 2014: 6
FWCI
11.97
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
Locations
  • Diabetologia (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Research Bank (Australian Catholic University) (submittedVersion)
  • Research Online (University of Wollongong) (submittedVersion)
  • University of Birmingham Research Portal (University of Birmingham) (submittedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Physical Activity and Health
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
Keywords
exercise snacks, insulin resistance, glycemic control, postprandial blood glucose, high-intensity interval exercise, resistance training, meal timing, blood glucose
MeSH terms
Adult, Blood Glucose, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Female, Humans, Insulin, Insulin Resistance, Male, Middle Aged, Exercise, Cross-Over Studies, Meals

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review