Association of diabetes mellitus and dementia, the Rotterdam study
Open accessAbstract
Dementia and non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) are highly prevalent disorders in the elderly. Diabetes has repeatedly been reported to affect cognition, but its relation with dementia is uncertain. We therefore studied the association between diabetes and dementia in the Rotterdam Study, a large population-based study in the elderly. Of 6330 participants, aged 55 to 99 years old, complete information on diabetes and presence of dementia was available. Diabetes was diagnosed as use of anti-diabetes medication or random or post-load serum glucose over 11 mmol/1. Dementia was diagnosed through a stepped approach, including a sensitive screening of all participants and a comprehensive diagnostic work-up. Diabetes was present in 724 (11.4%) subjects. Of the 265 dementia patients 59 (22.3%) had diabetes. Multiple logistic regression analyses, adjusting for age and sex differences, revealed a positive association between diabetes and dementia (odds ratio: 1.3, 95% confidence interval 1.0-1.9). In particular, strong associations were found between dementia and diabetes treated with insulin (odds ratio: 3.2, 95% confidence interval: 1.4-7.5) The relation was strongest with vascular dementia but was also observed with Alzheimer's disease. These associations were independent of educational attainment, smoking, body mass index, atherosclerosis, blood pressure and antihypertensive drug treatment, and could not be explained by clinical cerebra infarctions. The results suggest that NIDDM is associated with dementia. Alzheimer's disease may be more frequent in elderly diabetic patients treated with insulin.
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Both mild cognitive impairment and Type 2, as well as Type 1, diabetes are recognized as risk factors for dementia.
“both mild cognitive impairment and Type 2, as well as Type 1, diabetes are recognized as risk factors for dementia (Ott et al., 1996; de Leon et al., 2001; Haan, 2006).”
From Central effects of stress hormones in health and disease: understanding the protective and damaging effects of stress and stress mediators (2008) · cites this paper as Ott et al., 1996
Both MCI and type 2, as well as type 1, diabetes are recognized as risk factors for dementia.
“and both MCI and type 2, as well as type 1, diabetes are recognized as risk factors for dementia.117-119”
From Protective and damaging effects of stress mediators: central role of the brain (2006) · cites this paper as [117]
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Strachan, M. W. J., Frier, B. M., & Deary, I. J. (2003) · Diabetic Medicine · doi:10.1046/j.1464-5491.2003.00855.x · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Campos-Peña, V., Toral-Rios, D., Becerril-Pérez, F., Sánchez-Torres, C., Delgado-Namorado, Y., Torres-Ossorio, E., Franco-Bocanegra, D., & Carvajal, K. (2017) · Antioxidants & Redox Signaling · doi:10.1089/ars.2016.6768 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Rhein, V., & Eckert, A. (2007) · Archives of Physiology and Biochemistry · doi:10.1080/13813450701572288 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Roher, A. E., Garami, Z., Alexandrov, A. V., Kokjohn, T. A., Esh, C. L., Kalback, W. M., Vedders, L. J., Wilson, J. R., Sabbagh, M. N., & Beach, T. G. (2006) · Neurological Research · doi:10.1179/016164106x130470 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Diabetes type II: A risk factor for depression-Parkinson–Alzheimer?
Riederer, P., Bartl, J., Laux, G., & Grünblatt, E. (2011) · Neurotoxicity Research · doi:10.1007/s12640-010-9203-1 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Vascular cognitive impairment: prodrome to VaD?
Mayda, A., & DeCarli, C. (2009) · Vascular Cognitive Impairment in Clinical Practice · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511575976.003 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
- Authors
- Ott, A., Stolk, R. P., Hofman, A., van Harskamp, F., Grobbee, D. E., & Breteler, M. M. B.
- Affiliations
- Erasmus MC (NL)
- Venue
- Diabetologia
- Published
- 1996-10-23
- Volume
- 39
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 1392-1397
- ISSN
- 0012-186X (ISSN-L)
- 1432-0428
- OpenAlex
- W2051993731
- Cited by
- 677
- References
- 49
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 19 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 22 · 2021: 21 · 2020: 21 · 2019: 34 · 2018: 27 · 2017: 36 · 2016: 32 · 2015: 29 · 2014: 33 · 2013: 30 · 2012: 15
- FWCI
- 9.30
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Diabetologia (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- RePub (Erasmus University Rotterdam) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Treatment and Management
- Keywords
- diabetes mellitus, dementia, type 2 diabetes, insulin therapy, Alzheimer's disease, vascular dementia, cognitive impairment, older adults, Rotterdam Study
- MeSH terms
- Age Factors, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Alzheimer Disease, Dementia, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Netherlands, Prospective Studies, Sex Factors, Dementia, Vascular, Cohort Studies, Prevalence, Confidence Intervals, Odds Ratio
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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