Flavor processing: more than the sum of its parts
Abstract
We used positron emission tomography to evaluate differential processing of olfactory, gustatory and combined olfactory and gustatory (flavor) stimuli as indicated by comparison of evoked cerebral blood flow (CBF) changes during these conditions. We found significant CBF decreases in primary gustatory and secondary gustatory and olfactory cortices during simultaneous presentation compared with independent presentations of identical stimuli, suggesting that flavor processing is not represented by a simple convergence of its component senses. Additionally, CBF increases in the amygdala and basal forebrain were observed in a mismatched flavor condition versus a matched flavor condition, suggesting a role for these structures in processing novel or unpleasant stimuli.
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Increased BOLD response is observed in the orbitofrontal cortex and amygdala when taste and odour stimuli are presented in combination compared to the summed activity of taste and smell when presented alone.
“increased blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) response was observed in the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and amygdala when taste and odour stimuli are presented in combination, compared to the summed activity of taste and smell when pretended alone [149].”
From The Role of Intrinsic and Extrinsic Sensory Factors in Sweetness Perception of Food and Beverages: A Review (2019) · cites this paper as [149]
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- Authors
- Small, D. M., Jones-Gotman, M., Zatorre, R. J., Petrides, M., & Evans, A. C.
- Affiliations
- McGill University (CA)
- Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital (CA)
- Venue
- Neuroreport
- Published
- 1997-12
- Volume
- 8
- Issue
- 18
- Pages
- 3913-3917
- ISSN
- 0959-4965 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1985104716
- Cited by
- 265
- References
- 8
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 14 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 15
- FWCI
- 2.24
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Neuroreport (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Sensory Systems › Olfactory and Sensory Function Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Multisensory perception and integration
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Tactile and Sensory Interactions
- Keywords
- olfaction, taste perception, cerebral blood flow, primary gustatory cortex, olfactory cortex, amygdala, basal forebrain, multisensory integration, novel stimuli, unpleasant stimuli
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Cerebrovascular Circulation, Female, Humans, Male, Reference Values, Smell, Taste, Tomography, Emission-Computed
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