Differential neural responses evoked by orthonasal versus retronasal odorant perception in humans

Small, Dana M.; Gerber, Johannes C.; Mak, Y. Erica; Hummel, Thomas

doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2005.07.022

Cited by 463Olfactory and Sensory Function StudiesTactile and Sensory InteractionsMultisensory perception and integration

Differential neural responses evoked by orthonasal versus retronasal odorant perception in humans

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Small, Dana M., Gerber, Johannes C., Mak, Y. Erica, Hummel, Thomas·2005·Neuron

DOI 10.1016/j.neuron.2005.07.022

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Abstract

Odors perceived through the mouth (retronasally) as flavor are referred to the oral cavity, whereas odors perceived through the nose (orthonasally) are referred to the external world. We delivered vaporized odorants via the orthonasal and retronasal routes and measured brain response with fMRI. Comparison of retronasal versus orthonasal delivery produced preferential activity in the mouth area at the base of the central sulcus, possibly reflecting olfactory referral to the mouth, associated with retronasal olfaction. Routes of delivery produced differential activation in the insula/operculum, thalamus, hippocampus, amygdala, and caudolateral orbitofrontal cortex in orthonasal > retronasal and in the perigenual cingulate and medial orbitofrontal cortex in retronasal > orthonasal in response to chocolate, but not lavender, butanol, or farnesol, so that an interaction of route and odorant may be inferred. These findings demonstrate differential neural recruitment depending upon the route of odorant administration and suggest that its effect is influenced by whether an odorant represents a food.

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There are differences in neural responses evoked by orthonasal versus retronasal odours, with orthonasal perception leading to preferential activation in the insula, thalamus, hippocampus, amygdala and caudolateral orbitofrontal cortex and retronasal perception leading to preferential activation in the perigenual cingulate and medial orbitofrontal cortex.
“there are di erences in neural responses evoked by orthonasal versus retronasal odours, with orthonasal perception leading to preferential activation in the insula, thalamus, hippocampus, amygdala and caudolateral orbitofrontal cortex and retronasal perception leading to preferential activation in the perigenual cingulate and medial orbitofrontal cortex [150].”
From The Role of Intrinsic and Extrinsic Sensory Factors in Sweetness Perception of Food and Beverages: A Review (2019) · cites this paper as [150]
The different patterns of activation for orthonasal versus retronasal odours were only found in odorants associated with food, such as chocolate compared to lavender.
“Interestingly, these di erent patterns of activation were only found in the odorants associated with food (i.e., chocolate compared to lavender).”
From The Role of Intrinsic and Extrinsic Sensory Factors in Sweetness Perception of Food and Beverages: A Review (2019) · cites this paper as [150]

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Authors: Small, D. M., Gerber, J. C., Mak, Y. E., & Hummel, T.
Affiliations: Yale University (US)
Klinik und Poliklinik für Hals-, Nasen- und Ohrenheilkunde (DE)
John B. Pierce Laboratory (US)
Corresponding author: Small, Dana M.
ORCID: Small, Dana M.
Gerber, Johannes C.
Hummel, Thomas
Venue: Neuron
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2005-08
Volume: 47
Issue: 4
Pages: 593-605
ISSN: 0896-6273 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2005.07.022
OpenAlex: W2099135546
Cited by: 463
References: 86
Citations by year: 2026: 14 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 35 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 32 · 2021: 25 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 32 · 2018: 21 · 2017: 19 · 2016: 18 · 2015: 20 · 2014: 16 · 2013: 18 · 2012: 26
FWCI: 7.40
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/open-access/userlicense/1.0/ (vor, 2943 d)
Locations: Neuron (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
National Institutes of Health (5r03dc006169-03)
National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (R03 DC 006169-01)
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Sensory Systems › Olfactory and Sensory Function Studies
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Tactile and Sensory Interactions
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Multisensory perception and integration
Keywords: retronasal olfaction, orthonasal olfaction, flavor perception, insula, orbitofrontal cortex, thalamus, hippocampus, amygdala, chocolate, food odorants
MeSH terms: Appetite, Brain, Brain Mapping, Cerebral Cortex, Feeding Behavior, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Mouth, Nasal Cavity, Neurons, Odorants, Olfactory Mucosa, Olfactory Pathways, Smell, Taste

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Differential neural responses evoked by orthonasal versus retronasal odorant perception in humans

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