A convergent functional architecture of the insula emerges across imaging modalities
Open accessAbstract
Empirical evidence increasingly supports the hypothesis that patterns of intrinsic functional connectivity (iFC) are sculpted by a history of evoked coactivation within distinct neuronal networks. This, together with evidence of strong correspondence among the networks defined by iFC and those delineated using a variety of other neuroimaging techniques, suggests a fundamental brain architecture detectable across multiple functional and structural imaging modalities. Here, we leverage this insight to examine the functional organization of the human insula. We parcellated the insula on the basis of three distinct neuroimaging modalities - task-evoked coactivation, intrinsic (i.e., task-independent) functional connectivity, and gray matter structural covariance. Clustering of these three different covariance-based measures revealed a convergent elemental organization of the insula that likely reflects a fundamental brain architecture governing both brain structure and function at multiple spatial scales. While not constrained to be hierarchical, our parcellation revealed a pseudo-hierarchical, multiscale organization that was consistent with previous clustering and meta-analytic studies of the insula. Finally, meta-analytic examination of the cognitive and behavioral domains associated with each of the insular clusters obtained elucidated the broad functional dissociations likely underlying the topography observed. To facilitate future investigations of insula function across healthy and pathological states, the insular parcels have been made freely available for download via http://fcon_1000.projects.nitrc.org, along with the analytic scripts used to perform the parcellations.
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The study used a validated three-cluster parcellation scheme to obtain a valid anterior insula mask.
“we used a validated three-cluster parcellation scheme to obtain a valid anterior insula mask76.”
From Randomized clinical trial shows no substantial modulation of empathy-related neural activation by intranasal oxytocin in autism (2021) · cites this paper as [76]
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- Authors
- Kelly, C., Toro, R., Di Martino, A., Cox, C. L., Bellec, P., Castellanos, F. X., & Milham, M. P.
- Affiliations
- NYU Langone Health (US)
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (FR)
- Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal (CA)
- Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research (US)
- Corresponding author
- Kelly, Clare
- Milham, Michael P.
- Venue
- NeuroImage
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2012-07
- Volume
- 61
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 1129-1142
- ISSN
- 1053-8119 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3376229
- OpenAlex
- W2066720008
- Cited by
- 374
- References
- 97
- Citations by year
- 2026: 15 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 23 · 2022: 20 · 2021: 25 · 2020: 34 · 2019: 25 · 2018: 29 · 2017: 38 · 2016: 36 · 2015: 31 · 2014: 36 · 2013: 26 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 16.20
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- europepmc.org
- Locations
- NeuroImage (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- HAL (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (R03DA024775, 2T32DA007254-16A2, R01DA016979)
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH083246, R01MH081218, K23MH087770)
- National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (R01HD065282)
- Leon Levy Foundation
- Autism Speaks
- Stavros Niarchos Foundation
- Alicia Koplowitz Foundation
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Functional Brain Connectivity Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Advanced Neuroimaging Techniques and Applications
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Keywords
- insula, functional parcellation, intrinsic functional connectivity
- MeSH terms
- Cerebral Cortex, Humans, Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted, Neural Pathways, Cluster Analysis, Neuroimaging
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