Cited by 183Attention Deficit Hyperactivity DisorderBehavioral and Psychological StudiesDevelopmental and Educational Neuropsychology

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 190 of the 191 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Non?stimulant medications in the treatment of ADHD

Banaschewski, T., Roessner, V., Dittmann, R.W., Janardhanan Santosh, P., Rothenberger, A.·2004·European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry

DOI 10.1007/s00787-004-1010-x

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Background Stimulants are the first-line medication in the psychopharmacological treatment of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, 10 to 30% of all children and adults with ADHD either do not respond to or do not tolerate treatment with stimulants. Objective To describe alternative treatment approaches with various non-stimulant agents, especially atomoxetine. Method General review of empirically based literature concerning efficacy and safety of the substances. Results A large and still increasing body of data supports the usefulness of atomoxetine, a once daily dosing, and new selective noradrenalin reuptake inhibitor, with few side effects. Atomoxetine has been licensed in the US for use in ADHD across the lifespan, and is currently under consideration in Europe. Other non-stimulant substances, such as tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) and alpha-2-adrenergic agonists, which are used to treat ADHD, are also reviewed. TCAs have been well studied and shown to be efficacious in the treatment of ADHD, but are limited by side effects. The number of studies documenting the efficacy of alpha-2-adrenergic agonists is still limited. Some experimental studies support a potential role of cholinergic drugs such as acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (tacrine, donepezil) as well as novel nicotinic analogues (ABT-418). Conclusion Non-stimulant agents have been shown to be effective in treatment of ADHD. Especially, atomoxetine seems promising and newline drugs are in deve…

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1007/s00787-004-1010-x

Cites

190 of 190 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

A 14-Month Randomized Clinical Trial of Treatment Strategies for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
(1999) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.56.12.1073 · Cited by 3,372
Neuroscience of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: the search for endophenotypes
Castellanos, F. X., & Tannock, R. (2002) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn896 · Cited by 1,827
Comorbidity of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder with conduct, depressive, anxiety, and other disorders
(1991) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.148.5.564 · Cited by 1,738
Atomoxetine Increases Extracellular Levels of Norepinephrine and Dopamine in Prefrontal Cortex of Rat A Potential Mechanism for Efficacy in Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Bymaster, F. (2002) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1016/s0893-133x(02)00346-9 · Cited by 1,123
Does stimulant therapy of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder beget later substance abuse? A meta-analytic review of the literature
Wilens, T. E., Faraone, S. V., Biederman, J., & Gunawardene, S. (2003) · Pediatrics · doi:10.1542/peds.111.1.179 · Cited by 872
Pharmacotherapy of Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder across the Life Cycle
SPENCER, T., BIEDERMAN, J., WILENS, T., HARDING, M., O'DONNELL, D., & GRIFFIN, S. (1996) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-199604000-00008 · Cited by 830
Atomoxetine in adults with ADHD: two randomized, placebo-controlled studies
Michelson, D., Adler, L., Spencer, T., Reimherr, F. W., West, S. A., Allen, A. J., Kelsey, D., Wernicke, J., Dietrich, A., & Milton, D. (2003) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(02)01671-2 · Cited by 790
European clinical guidelines for hyperkinetic disorder ? first upgrade
Taylor, E., D�pfner, M., Sergeant, J., Asherson, P., Banaschewski, T., Buitelaar, J., Coghill, D., Danckaerts, M., Rothenberger, A., Sonuga-Barke, E., et al. (2004) · European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s00787-004-1002-x · Cited by 682
Self-citation
Atomoxetine in the Treatment of Children and Adolescents With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Dose-Response Study
Michelson, D., Faries, D., Wernicke, J., Kelsey, D., Kendrick, K., Sallee, F. R., Spencer, T., & the Atomoxetine ADHD Study Group (2001) · Pediatrics · doi:10.1542/peds.108.5.e83 · Cited by 666
Prozac (fluoxetine, lilly 110140), the first selective serotonin uptake inhibitor and an antidepressant drug: Twenty years since its first publication
Wong, D. T., Bymaster, F. P., & Engleman, E. A. (1995) · Life Sciences · doi:10.1016/0024-3205(95)00209-o · Cited by 643

Show all 191 references

Sorted by citations

a dynamic developmental theory of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (adhd) predominantly hyperactive/impulsive and combined subtypes
sagvolden, T., johansen, E. B., aase, H., & russell, V. A. (2005) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x05000075 · Cited by 1,035
European consensus statement on diagnosis and treatment of adult ADHD: The European Network Adult ADHD
Kooij, S. J., Bejerot, S., Blackwell, A., Caci, H., Casas-Brugué, M., Carpentier, P. J., Edvinsson, D., Fayyad, J., Foeken, K., Fitzgerald, M., et al. (2010) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/1471-244x-10-67 · Cited by 928
“Atomoxetine is usually considered the second line treatment, followed by other non-stimulants like bupropion, guanfacine, modafinil and tricyclic antidepressents, based on efficacy outcomes in controlled studies in different age groups [239,261-264].”
Adult ADHD and comorbid disorders: clinical implications of a dimensional approach
Katzman, M. A., Bilkey, T. S., Chokka, P. R., Fallu, A., & Klassen, L. J. (2017) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-017-1463-3 · Cited by 732
European clinical guidelines for hyperkinetic disorder ? first upgrade
Taylor, E., D�pfner, M., Sergeant, J., Asherson, P., Banaschewski, T., Buitelaar, J., Coghill, D., Danckaerts, M., Rothenberger, A., Sonuga-Barke, E., et al. (2004) · European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s00787-004-1002-x · Cited by 682
Self-citation
European clinical guidelines for Tourette syndrome and other tic disorders. Part II: pharmacological treatment
the ESSTS Guidelines Group, Roessner, V., Plessen, K. J., Rothenberger, A., Ludolph, A. G., Rizzo, R., Skov, L., Strand, G., Stern, J. S., Termine, C., et al. (2011) · European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s00787-011-0163-7 · Cited by 461
Self-citation
A Review of the Pathophysiology, Etiology, and Treatment of Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
Sharma, A., & Couture, J. (2014) · Annals of Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1177/1060028013510699 · Cited by 516
Evidence-based pharmacological treatment options for ADHD in children and adolescents
Mechler, K., Banaschewski, T., Hohmann, S., & Häge, A. (2022) · Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.107940 · Cited by 293
Self-citation
Adverse Effects of Pharmacotherapies for Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Epidemiology, Prevention and Management
Graham, J., & Coghill, D. (2008) · CNS Drugs · doi:10.2165/00023210-200822030-00003 · Cited by 185
Efficacy and Safety Limitations of Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Pharmacotherapy in Children and Adults
Wigal, S. B. (2009) · CNS Drugs · doi:10.2165/00023210-200923000-00004 · Cited by 166
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children and adolescents
Gillies, D. M., Sinn, J. K. H., Lad, S. S., Leach, M., & Ross, M. J. (2012) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd007986.pub2 · Cited by 173
Meta-analysis of quality of life in children and adolescents with ADHD: By both parent proxy-report and child self-report using PedsQL™
Lee, Y.-C., Yang, H.-J., Chen, V. C.-H., Lee, W.-T., Teng, M.-J., Lin, C.-H., & Gossop, M. (2016) · Research in Developmental Disabilities · doi:10.1016/j.ridd.2015.11.009 · Cited by 153
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, tics and Tourette’s syndrome: the relationship and treatment implications. A commentary
M. Robertson*, M. (2006) · European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s00787-006-0505-z · Cited by 143
Pharmacotherapy of adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): a meta-analysis
Mészáros, Á., Czobor, P., Bálint, S., Komlósi, S., Simon, V., & Bitter, I. (2009) · The International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1017/s1461145709990198 · Cited by 138
Annotation: Tourette syndrome: a relentless drumbeat – driven by misguided brain oscillations
Leckman, J. F., Vaccarino, F. M., Kalanithi, P. S. A., & Rothenberger, A. (2006) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2006.01620.x · Cited by 136
Self-citation
A Review of Pharmacological Management of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Briars, L. A., & Todd, T. J. (2016) · The Journal of Pediatric Pharmacology and Therapeutics · doi:10.5863/1551-6776-21.3.192 · Cited by 136
The Safety of Atomoxetine for the Treatment of Children and Adolescents with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Comprehensive Review of Over a Decade of Research
Reed, V. A., Buitelaar, J. K., Anand, E., Day, K. A., Treuer, T., Upadhyaya, H. P., Coghill, D. R., Kryzhanovskaya, L. A., & Savill, N. C. (2016) · CNS Drugs · doi:10.1007/s40263-016-0349-0 · Cited by 113
Treadmill exercise and methylphenidate ameliorate symptoms of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder through enhancing dopamine synthesis and brain-derived neurotrophic factor expression in spontaneous hypertensive rats
Kim, H. K., Heo, H.-I., Kim, D., Ko, I., Lee, S.-S., Kim, S., Kim, B.-K., Kim, T.-W., Ji, E., Kim, J.-D., et al. (2011) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2011.08.052 · Cited by 110
The Potential of Carnosine in Brain-Related Disorders: A Comprehensive Review of Current Evidence
Schön, M., Mousa, A., Berk, M., Chia, W. L., Ukropec, J., Majid, A., Ukropcová, B., & de Courten, B. V. (2019) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu11061196 · Cited by 107
Comorbidity of tic disorders & ADHD: Conceptual and methodological considerations
Banaschewski, T., Neale, B. M., Rothenberger, A., & Roessner, V. (2007) · European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s00787-007-1002-8 · Cited by 95
Self-citation
The alpha-2A adrenoceptor agonist guanfacine improves sustained attention and reduces overactivity and impulsiveness in an animal model of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
Sagvolden (2006) · Behavioral and Brain Functions · doi:10.1186/1744-9081-2-41 · Cited by 94
A randomized, double-blind and placebo-controlled trial of modafinil in children and adolescents with attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder
Kahbazi, M., Ghoreishi, A., Rahiminejad, F., Mohammadi, M.-R., Kamalipour, A., & Akhondzadeh, S. (2009) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2008.06.024 · Cited by 91
Ginkgo biloba for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in children and adolescents: A double blind, randomized controlled trial
Salehi, B., Imani, R., Mohammadi, M. R., Fallah, J., Mohammadi, M., Ghanizadeh, A., Tasviechi, A. A., Vossoughi, A., Rezazadeh, S.-A., & Akhondzadeh, S. (2010) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2009.09.026 · Cited by 89
Non-pharmacological interventions for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) delivered in school settings: systematic reviews of quantitative and qualitative research
Richardson, M. A., Moore, D. A., Gwernan‐Jones, R., Coon, J. T., Ukoumunne, O. C., Rogers, M., Whear, R., Newlove-Delgado, T. V., Logan, S., Morris, C., et al. (2015) · Health Technology Assessment · doi:10.3310/hta19450 · Cited by 112
Double‐blind controlled trial of venlafaxine for treatment of adults with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Amiri, S., Farhang, S., Ghoreishizadeh, M. A., Malek, A., & Mohammadzadeh, S. (2012) · Human Psychopharmacology Clinical and Experimental · doi:10.1002/hup.1274 · Cited by 86
Modafinil as a treatment for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in children and adolescents: A double blind, randomized clinical trial
Amiri, S., Mohammadi, M.-R., Mohammadi, M., Nouroozinejad, G.-H., Kahbazi, M., & Akhondzadeh, S. (2008) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2007.07.025 · Cited by 82
l-Amphetamine improves poor sustained attention while d-amphetamine reduces overactivity and impulsiveness as well as improves sustained attention in an animal model of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
Sagvolden, T., & Xu, T. (2008) · Behavioral and Brain Functions · doi:10.1186/1744-9081-4-3 · Cited by 81
Cognitive predictors of treatment response to bupropion and cognitive effects of bupropion in patients with major depressive disorder
Herrera-Guzmán, I., Gudayol-Ferré, E., Lira-Mandujano, J., Herrera-Abarca, J., Herrera-Guzmán, D., Montoya-Pérez, K., & Guardia-Olmos, J. (2008) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2007.04.012 · Cited by 78
Comorbid oppositional defiant disorder and the risk of relapse during 9 months of atomoxetine treatment for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Hazell, P., Zhang, S., Wolańczyk, T., Barton, J., Johnson, M., Zuddas, A., Danckaerts, M., Ladikos, A., Benn, D., Yoran‐Hegesh, R., et al. (2006) · European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s00787-006-0506-y · Cited by 73
Neuropsychological and neurophysiological benefits from white noise in children with and without ADHD
Baijot, S., Slama, H., Söderlund, G. B. W., Dan, B., Deltenre, P., Colin, C., & Deconinck, N. (2016) · Behavioral and Brain Functions · doi:10.1186/s12993-016-0095-y · Cited by 73
Treatment-related improvement in neuropsychological functioning in suicidal depressed patients: Paroxetine vs. bupropion
Gorlyn, M., Keilp, J., Burke, A., Oquendo, M., Mann, J. J., & Grunebaum, M. (2015) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2014.12.004 · Cited by 70
“Bupropion has demonstrated efficacy in adult patients with ADHD (Wilens et al., 2005; Banaschewski et al., 2004).”
Background
Event-related Potentials (ERP) in Cognitive Neuroscience Research and Applications
Sokhadze, E. M., Casanova, M. F., Casanova, M., Lamina, E. V., Kelly, D. P., & Khachidze, I. (2017) · NeuroRegulation · doi:10.15540/nr.4.1.14 · Cited by 74
Exploring N -Back Cognitive Training for Children With ADHD
Jones, M. R., Katz, B., Buschkuehl, M., Jaeggi, S. M., & Shah, P. (2020) · Journal of Attention Disorders · doi:10.1177/1087054718779230 · Cited by 64
“In addition, they are often associated with side effects such as reduced appetite and sleep disturbances (Banaschewski et al., 2004).”
Background
Social isolation induces deficit of latent learning performance in mice: a putative animal model of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Ouchi, H., Ono, K., Murakami, Y., & Matsumoto, K. (2013) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2012.10.029 · Cited by 64
Evaluation of atomoxetine for first-line treatment of newly diagnosed, treatment-naïve children and adolescents with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Montoya, A., Amaia Hervas, G., Cardo, E., Artigas-Pallarés, J., Mardomingo, M. J., Alda, J. A., Gastaminza, X., García-Polavieja, M. J., Gilaberte, I., & Escobar, R. (2009) · Current Medical Research and Opinion · doi:10.1185/03007990903316152 · Cited by 64
Efficacy and safety of drugs for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children and adolescents: a network meta-analysis
Padilha, S. C., Virtuoso, S., Tonin, F. S., Borba, H. H. L., & Pontarolo, R. (2018) · European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s00787-018-1125-0 · Cited by 64
The Efficacy of Atomoxetine for the Treatment of Children and Adolescents with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Comprehensive Review of Over a Decade of Clinical Research
Savill, N. C., Buitelaar, J. K., Anand, E., Day, K. A., Treuer, T., Upadhyaya, H. P., & Coghill, D. (2015) · CNS Drugs · doi:10.1007/s40263-014-0224-9 · Cited by 59
Randomized, Double-Blind Trial of Guanfacine Extended Release in Children With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Morning or Evening Administration
Newcorn, J. H., Stein, M. A., Childress, A. C., Youcha, S. H., White, C., Enright, G., & Rubin, J. S. (2013) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2013.06.006 · Cited by 55
Drug treatment of depression in the 2000s: an overview of achievements in the last 10 years and future possibilities
Baghai, T. C., Volz, H., & Möller, H. (2006) · The World Journal of Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/15622970601003973 · Cited by 53
Neuropsychological Outcomes Across the Day in Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Treated with Atomoxetine: Results from a Placebo-Controlled Study Using a Computer-Based Continuous Performance Test Combined with an Infra-Red Motion-tracking Device
Wehmeier, P. M., Schacht, A., Wolff, C., Otto, W. R., Dittmann, R., & Banaschewski, T. (2011) · Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1089/cap.2010.0142 · Cited by 53
Self-citation
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children and adolescents
Gillies, D. M., Leach, M., & Algorta, G. P. (2023) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd007986.pub3 · Cited by 56
Recent developments in intranasal drug delivery of nanomedicines for the treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders
Kisku, A., Nishad, A., Agrawal, S., Paliwal, R., Datusalia, A. K., Gupta, G., Singh, S. K., Dua, K., & Sulakhiya, K. (2024) · Frontiers in Medicine · doi:10.3389/fmed.2024.1463976 · Cited by 51
Traditional Chinese Medicine in the Treatment of ADHD
Ni, X., Zhang‐James, Y., Han, X., Lei, S., Sun, J., & Zhou, R. (2014) · Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.chc.2014.05.011 · Cited by 48
Crocus sativus L. Versus Methylphenidate in Treatment of Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Randomized, Double-Blind Pilot Study
Baziar, S., Aqamolaei, A., Khadem, E., Mortazavi, S. H., Naderi, S., Sahebolzamani, E., Mortezaei, A., Jalilevand, S., Mohammadi, M.-R., Shahmirzadi, M., et al. (2019) · Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1089/cap.2018.0146 · Cited by 46
The epidemiology of psychotropic drug use in children and adolescents
Bonati, M. R., & Clavenna, A. (2005) · International Review of Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/09540260500093768 · Cited by 45
Venlafaxine versus methylphenidate in pediatric outpatients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a randomized, double‐blind comparison trial
Zarinara, A., Mohammadi, M., Hazrati, N., Tabrizi, M., Rezazadeh, S., Rezaie, F., & Akhondzadeh, S. (2010) · Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental · doi:10.1002/hup.1148 · Cited by 44
Psychopharmacological Treatment of Oppositional Defiant Disorder
Turgay, A. (2008) · CNS Drugs · doi:10.2165/0023210-200923010-00001 · Cited by 46
Pharmacotherapy of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: nonstimulant medication approaches
Mohammadi, M. R., & Akhondzadeh, S. (2007) · Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics · doi:10.1586/14737175.7.2.195 · Cited by 43
Diagnosis and Treatment of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder During Adolescence in the Primary Care Setting: A Concise Review
Brahmbhatt, K., Hilty, D. M., Hah, M., Han, J., Angkustsiri, K., & Schweitzer, J. B. (2016) · Journal of Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2016.03.025 · Cited by 48
Bupropion versus methylphenidate in the treatment of children with attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder: randomized double‐blind study
Jafarinia, M., Mohammadi, M., Modabbernia, A., Ashrafi, M., Khajavi, D., Tabrizi, M., Yadegari, N., & Akhondzadeh, S. (2012) · Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental · doi:10.1002/hup.2242 · Cited by 42
Swimming exercise alleviates the symptoms of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in spontaneous hypertensive rats
Ko, I., Kim, S., Kim, T.-W., Ji, E., Shin, M., Kim, C., Hong, M., & Bahn, G. H. (2013) · Molecular Medicine Reports · doi:10.3892/mmr.2013.1531 · Cited by 41
Event-Related Potential Study of Attention Regulation During Illusory Figure Categorization Task in ADHD, Autism Spectrum Disorder, and Typical Children
Sokhadze, E. M., Baruth, J. M., Sears, L. L., Sokhadze, G. E., El-Baz, A. S., Williams, E. L., Klapheke, R., & Casanova, M. F. (2012) · Journal of Neurotherapy · doi:10.1080/10874208.2012.650119 · Cited by 46
Metabolic, toxicological, and safety considerations for drugs used to treat ADHD
Duong, S., Chung, K., & Wigal, S. B. (2012) · Expert Opinion on Drug Metabolism & Toxicology · doi:10.1517/17425255.2012.671295 · Cited by 42
Drug therapy of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: Current trends
Sousa, A. D., & Kalra, G. (2012) · Mens Sana monographs · doi:10.4103/0973-1229.87261 · Cited by 46
Treadmill exercise ameliorates symptoms of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder through reducing Purkinje cell loss and astrocytic reaction in spontaneous hypertensive rats
Yun, H.-S., Park, M.-S., Ji, E., Kim, T.-W., Ko, I., Kim, H.-B., & Kim, H. K. (2014) · Journal of Exercise Rehabilitation · doi:10.12965/jer.140092 · Cited by 41
Pharmacological effects and therapeutic potential of natural compounds in neuropsychiatric disorders: An update
Asgharian, P., Quispe, C., Herrera‐Bravo, J., Sabernavaei, M., Hosseini, K., Forouhandeh, H., Ebrahimi, T., Sharafi-Badr, P., Tarhriz, V., Soofiyani, S. R., et al. (2022) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2022.926607 · Cited by 44
Six-Week Open-Label Reboxetine Treatment in Children and Adolescents With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Ratner, S., Laor, N., Bronstein, Y., Weizman, A., & Toren, P. (2005) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/01.chi.0000155327.30017.8c · Cited by 38
Drug and non-drug treatments of children with ADHD and tic disorders
Poncin, Y., Sukhodolsky, D. G., McGuire, J., & Scahill, L. (2007) · European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s00787-007-1010-8 · Cited by 37
Quantitative electroencephalography and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: Implications for clinical practice
Monastra, V. J. (2008) · Current Psychiatry Reports · doi:10.1007/s11920-008-0069-3 · Cited by 37
Amantadine versus methylphenidate in children and adolescents with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a randomized, double‐blind trial
Mohammadi, M. R., Kazemi, M. R., Zia, E., Rezazadeh, S., Tabrizi, M. H., & Akhondzadeh, S. (2010) · Human Psychopharmacology Clinical and Experimental · doi:10.1002/hup.1154 · Cited by 35
Pharmacology and Pharmacogenetics of Pediatric ADHD with Associated Aggression: A Review
Patel, B., & Barzman, D. H. (2013) · Psychiatric Quarterly · doi:10.1007/s11126-013-9253-7 · Cited by 34
Extent and risks of antidepressant off‐label use in children and adolescents in Germany between 2004 and 2011
Schröder, C., Dörks, M., Kollhorst, B., Blenk, T., Dittmann, R., Garbe, E., & Riedel, O. (2017) · Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety · doi:10.1002/pds.4289 · Cited by 34
Self-citation
ADHD: strategies to unravel its genetic architecture
Buitelaar, J. K. (2006) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/3-211-31222-6_1 · Cited by 34
Epitope-tagged Receptor Knock-in Mice Reveal That Differential Desensitization of α2-Adrenergic Responses Is because of Ligand-selective Internalization
Lu, R., Li, Y., Zhang, Y., Chen, Y., Shields, A. D., Winder, D. G., Angelotti, T. P., Jiao, K., Limbird, L. E., Zhou, Y., et al. (2009) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m807535200 · Cited by 34
Acetyl-L-Carnitine as an Adjunctive Therapy in the Treatment of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Children and Adolescents: A Placebo-Controlled Trial
Abbasi, S.-H., Heidari, S., Mohammadi, M.-R., Tabrizi, M., Ghaleiha, A., & Akhondzadeh, S. (2011) · Child Psychiatry & Human Development · doi:10.1007/s10578-011-0220-y · Cited by 34
Reboxetine versus methylphenidate in treatment of children and adolescents with attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder
Arabgol, F., Panaghi, L., & Hebrani, P. (2009) · European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s00787-008-0705-9 · Cited by 33
Osmotic, controlled-release methylphenidate for the treatment of ADHD
Coghill, D., & Seth, S. (2006) · Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1517/14656566.7.15.2119 · Cited by 33
Emotional well-being in children and adolescents treated with atomoxetine for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: Findings from a patient, parent and physician perspective using items from the pediatric adverse event rating scale (PAERS)
Wehmeier, P. M., Schacht, A., Lehmann, M., Dittmann, R., Silva, S. G., & March, J. S. (2008) · Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health · doi:10.1186/1753-2000-2-11 · Cited by 34
Self-citation
Global impression of perceived difficulties in children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: Reliability and validity of a new instrument assessing perceived difficulties from a patient, parent and physician perspective over the day
Wehmeier, P. M., Schacht, A., Dittmann, R., & Döpfner, M. (2008) · Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health · doi:10.1186/1753-2000-2-10 · Cited by 31
Self-citation
Estudo da interação do Hormônio Tireoideano com o sistema α2 adrenérgico no crescimento ósseo endocondral: uma avaliação em cultura de órgão. [Tese (Doutorado em Ciências Morfofuncionais) ]. São Paulo: Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo; 2017.
Rodrigues, M. M. (2019) · Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (Universidade de São Paulo) · doi:10.11606/t.42.2019.tde-12042018-141555 · Cited by 30
Psychostimulants As Cognitive Enhancers in Adolescents: More Risk than Reward?
Urban, K. R., & Gao, W. (2017) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2017.00260 · Cited by 30
Risk of Suicidal Events With Atomoxetine Compared to Stimulant Treatment: A Cohort Study
Linden, S., Bussing, R., Kubilis, P. S., Gerhard, T., Segal, R., Shuster, J. J., & Winterstein, A. G. (2016) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.2015-3199 · Cited by 30
l -Carnosine as Adjunctive Therapy in Children and Adolescents with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial
Ghajar, A., Aghajan-Nashtaei, F., Afarideh, M., Mohammadi, M.-R., & Akhondzadeh, S. (2018) · Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1089/cap.2017.0157 · Cited by 27
Atomoxetine Reestablishes Long Term Potentiation in a Mouse Model of Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Piña, R., Rozas, C., Contreras, D., Hardy, P., Ugarte, G., Zeise, M. L., Rojas, P., & Morales, B. (2019) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.10.040 · Cited by 30
Morning and evening behavior in children and adolescents treated with atomoxetine once daily for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): Findings from two 24-week, open-label studies
Wehmeier, P. M., Dittmann, R., Schacht, A., Helsberg, K., & Lehmkuhl, G. (2009) · Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health · doi:10.1186/1753-2000-3-5 · Cited by 26
Self-citation
Nonstimulant Treatments for ADHD
Newcorn, J. H., Krone, B., & Dittmann, R. W. (2022) · Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.chc.2022.03.005 · Cited by 29
Self-citation
Concomitant Use of Psychotropic Medication With Stimulants for the Treatment of ADHD in Children and Adolescents: A Retrospective Insurance Claims Study in the United States
Zhou, Z., Betts, K. A., Bocharova, I., Kinrich, D., & Spalding, W. M. (2018) · Journal of Attention Disorders · doi:10.1177/1087054718784668 · Cited by 25
Probiotic supplement as an adjunctive therapy with Ritalin for treatment of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms in children: a double-blind placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial
Ghanaatgar, M., Taherzadeh, S., Ariyanfar, S., Jahromi, S. R., Martami, F., Gharaei, J. M., Teimourpour, A., & Shahrivar, Z. (2022) · Nutrition & Food Science · doi:10.1108/nfs-12-2021-0388 · Cited by 25
A modelled economic evaluation comparing atomoxetine with methylphenidate in the treatment of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in Spain
Hong, J., Dilla, T., & Arellano, J. (2009) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/1471-244x-9-15 · Cited by 25
Development of Tics in a Thirteen-Year-Old Male Following Atomoxetine Use
Sears, J., & Patel, N. C. (2008) · CNS Spectrums · doi:10.1017/s1092852900016412 · Cited by 25
Impulsiveness, overactivity, and poorer sustained attention improve by chronic treatment with low doses of l-amphetamine in an animal model of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
Sagvolden, T. (2011) · Behavioral and Brain Functions · doi:10.1186/1744-9081-7-6 · Cited by 25
Literature Review: Beyond Methylphenidate
Wood, J. G., Crager, J. L., Delap, C. M., & Heiskell, K. D. (2007) · Journal of Attention Disorders · doi:10.1177/1087054707305968 · Cited by 23
Memantine versus Methylphenidate in Children and Adolescents with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Double-Blind, Randomized Clinical Trial.
Mohammadi, M. R., Mohammadzadeh, S., & Akhondzadeh, S. (2015) · PubMed · Cited by 24
Atomoxetine treatment and ADHD-related difficulties as assessed by adolescent patients, their parents and physicians
Dittmann, R., Wehmeier, P. M., Schacht, A., Minarzyk, A., Lehmann, M., Sevecke, K., & Lehmkuhl, G. (2009) · Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health · doi:10.1186/1753-2000-3-21 · Cited by 23
Self-citation
Working memory training restores aberrant brain activity in adult attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder
Salmi, J., Soveri, A., Salmela, V. R., Alho, K., Leppämäki, S., Tani, P., Koski, A., Jaeggi, S. M., & Laine, M. (2020) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.25164 · Cited by 24
Quality of Life and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Core Symptoms
Escobar, R., Schacht, A., Wehmeier, P. M., & Wagner, T. (2010) · Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1097/jcp.0b013e3181d21763 · Cited by 21
An Open-Label Trial of Reboxetine in Children and Adolescents with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Tehrani‐Doost, M., Moallemi, S., & Shahrivar, Z. (2008) · Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1089/cap.2006.0034 · Cited by 20
Efficacy and safety of tipepidine as adjunctive therapy in children with attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder: Randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled clinical trial
Dehbozorgi, S., Bagheri, S., Moradi, K., Shokraee, K., Mohammadi, M. R., & Akhondzadeh, S. (2019) · Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences · doi:10.1111/pcn.12913 · Cited by 19
The 5-HT1A/1B-receptor agonist eltoprazine increases both catecholamine release in the prefrontal cortex and dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens and decreases motivation for reward and “waiting” impulsivity, but increases “stopping” impulsivity
Korte, S. M., Prins, J., van den Bergh, F. S., Oosting, R. S., Dupree, R., Korte-Bouws, G. A. H., Westphal, K. G. C., Olivier, B., Denys, D. A. J. P., Garland, A., et al. (2016) · European Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.11.024 · Cited by 19
The Conceptual Adequacy of the Drug Attitude Inventory for Measuring Youth Attitudes Toward Psychotropic Medications: A Mixed Methods Evaluation
Townsend, L. D., Floersch, J. E., & Findling, R. L. (2009) · Journal of Mixed Methods Research · doi:10.1177/1558689809352469 · Cited by 18
Diagnosis and treatment of intractable idiopathic orofacial pain with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Kasahara, S., Takahashi, K., Matsudaira, K., Sato, N. S., Fukuda, K., Toyofuku, A., Yoshikawa, T., Kato, Y., Niwa, S., & Uchida, K. (2023) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-023-28931-3 · Cited by 19
Wirksamkeit von Atomoxetin bei Kindern, Jugendlichen und Erwachsenen mit ADHS
Sevecke, K., Battel, S., Dittmann, R., Lehmkuhl, G., & Döpfner, M. (2005) · Der Nervenarzt · doi:10.1007/s00115-005-1970-1 · Cited by 19
Self-citation
The safety of non-stimulant agents for the treatment of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder
Himpel, S., Banaschewski, T., Heise, C. A., & Rothenberger, A. (2005) · Expert Opinion on Drug Safety · doi:10.1517/14740338.4.2.311 · Cited by 19
Self-citation
On-Chip Electromembrane Surrounded Solid Phase Microextraction for Determination of Tricyclic Antidepressants from Biological Fluids Using Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)—Graphene Oxide Nanocomposite as a Fiber Coating
Zamani, R., & Yamini, Y. (2023) · Biosensors · doi:10.3390/bios13010139 · Cited by 18
Recognizing and Treating Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in College Students
Prevatt, F. F., & Young, J. (2014) · Journal of College Student Psychotherapy · doi:10.1080/87568225.2014.914825 · Cited by 22
Self-esteem in adolescent patients with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder during open-label atomoxetine treatment: psychometric evaluation of the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale and clinical findings
Dittmann, R., Wehmeier, P. M., Schacht, A., Lehmann, M., & Lehmkuhl, G. (2009) · ADHD Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders · doi:10.1007/s12402-009-0011-5 · Cited by 18
Self-citation
Advances and considerations in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder pharmacotherapy.
Mohammadi, M. R., & Akhondzadeh, S. (2011) · PubMed · Cited by 17
Serotonin dysfunction in ADHD
Jackson, E. F., Riley, T. B., & Overton, P. G. (2025) · Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders · doi:10.1186/s11689-025-09610-y · Cited by 20
Efficacy of Guanfacine Extended Release Assessed During the Morning, Afternoon, and Evening Using a Modified Conners' Parent Rating Scale–Revised: Short Form
Young, J. L., Rugino, T. A., Dammerman, R. S., Lyne, A., & Newcorn, J. H. (2014) · Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1089/cap.2013.0134 · Cited by 16
Efficacy and safety of saffron as adjunctive therapy in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial
Pazoki, B., Zandi, N., Assaf, Z., Moghaddam, H. S., Zeinoddini, A., Mohammadi, M. R., & Akhondzadeh, S. (2022) · Advances in Integrative Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.aimed.2022.01.002 · Cited by 16
Is adjunctive pharmacotherapy in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder cost-effective in Canada: a cost-effectiveness assessment of guanfacine extended-release as an adjunctive therapy to a long-acting stimulant for the treatment of ADHD
Lachaîne, J., Sikirica, V., & Mathurin, K. (2016) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-016-0708-x · Cited by 16

Authors: Banaschewski, T., Roessner, V., Dittmann, R. W., Janardhanan Santosh, P., & Rothenberger, A.
Affiliations: University of Göttingen (DE)
Universität Hamburg (DE)
ORCID: Banaschewski, T.
Roessner, V.
Rothenberger, A.
Venue: European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2004-07
Volume: 13
Issue: S1
Pages: I102-16
ISSN: 1018-8827 (ISSN-L)
1435-165X
DOI: 10.1007/s00787-004-1010-x
OpenAlex: W1999326093
Cited by: 183
References: 191
Citations by year: 2026: 1 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 12
FWCI: 6.18
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
Locations: European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
GRO (submittedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Behavioral and Psychological Studies
Social Sciences › Psychology › Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology › Developmental and Educational Neuropsychology
Keywords: attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, non-stimulant medication, atomoxetine, norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, tricyclic antidepressants, alpha-2 adrenergic agonists, acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, nicotinic agonists, drug safety and efficacy
MeSH terms: Atomoxetine Hydrochloride, Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Child, Drug Interactions, Drug Tolerance, Humans, Norepinephrine, Propylamines

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Non?stimulant medications in the treatment of ADHD

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks