Cited by 183Attention Deficit Hyperactivity DisorderBehavioral and Psychological StudiesDevelopmental and Educational Neuropsychology

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 190 of the 191 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Non?stimulant medications in the treatment of ADHD

Banaschewski, T., Roessner, V., Dittmann, R.W., Janardhanan Santosh, P., Rothenberger, A.·2004·European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry

DOI 10.1007/s00787-004-1010-x

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Background Stimulants are the first-line medication in the psychopharmacological treatment of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, 10 to 30% of all children and adults with ADHD either do not respond to or do not tolerate treatment with stimulants. Objective To describe alternative treatment approaches with various non-stimulant agents, especially atomoxetine. Method General review of empirically based literature concerning efficacy and safety of the substances. Results A large and still increasing body of data supports the usefulness of atomoxetine, a once daily dosing, and new selective noradrenalin reuptake inhibitor, with few side effects. Atomoxetine has been licensed in the US for use in ADHD across the lifespan, and is currently under consideration in Europe. Other non-stimulant substances, such as tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) and alpha-2-adrenergic agonists, which are used to treat ADHD, are also reviewed. TCAs have been well studied and shown to be efficacious in the treatment of ADHD, but are limited by side effects. The number of studies documenting the efficacy of alpha-2-adrenergic agonists is still limited. Some experimental studies support a potential role of cholinergic drugs such as acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (tacrine, donepezil) as well as novel nicotinic analogues (ABT-418). Conclusion Non-stimulant agents have been shown to be effective in treatment of ADHD. Especially, atomoxetine seems promising and newline drugs are in deve…

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1007/s00787-004-1010-x

Cites

190 of 190 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

A 14-Month Randomized Clinical Trial of Treatment Strategies for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
(1999) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.56.12.1073 · Cited by 3,372
Neuroscience of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: the search for endophenotypes
Castellanos, F. X., & Tannock, R. (2002) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn896 · Cited by 1,827
Comorbidity of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder with conduct, depressive, anxiety, and other disorders
(1991) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.148.5.564 · Cited by 1,738
Atomoxetine Increases Extracellular Levels of Norepinephrine and Dopamine in Prefrontal Cortex of Rat A Potential Mechanism for Efficacy in Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Bymaster, F. (2002) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1016/s0893-133x(02)00346-9 · Cited by 1,123
Does stimulant therapy of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder beget later substance abuse? A meta-analytic review of the literature
Wilens, T. E., Faraone, S. V., Biederman, J., & Gunawardene, S. (2003) · Pediatrics · doi:10.1542/peds.111.1.179 · Cited by 872
Pharmacotherapy of Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder across the Life Cycle
SPENCER, T., BIEDERMAN, J., WILENS, T., HARDING, M., O'DONNELL, D., & GRIFFIN, S. (1996) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-199604000-00008 · Cited by 830
Atomoxetine in adults with ADHD: two randomized, placebo-controlled studies
Michelson, D., Adler, L., Spencer, T., Reimherr, F. W., West, S. A., Allen, A. J., Kelsey, D., Wernicke, J., Dietrich, A., & Milton, D. (2003) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(02)01671-2 · Cited by 790
European clinical guidelines for hyperkinetic disorder ? first upgrade
Taylor, E., D�pfner, M., Sergeant, J., Asherson, P., Banaschewski, T., Buitelaar, J., Coghill, D., Danckaerts, M., Rothenberger, A., Sonuga-Barke, E., et al. (2004) · European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s00787-004-1002-x · Cited by 682
Self-citation
Atomoxetine in the Treatment of Children and Adolescents With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Dose-Response Study
Michelson, D., Faries, D., Wernicke, J., Kelsey, D., Kendrick, K., Sallee, F. R., Spencer, T., & the Atomoxetine ADHD Study Group (2001) · Pediatrics · doi:10.1542/peds.108.5.e83 · Cited by 666
Prozac (fluoxetine, lilly 110140), the first selective serotonin uptake inhibitor and an antidepressant drug: Twenty years since its first publication
Wong, D. T., Bymaster, F. P., & Engleman, E. A. (1995) · Life Sciences · doi:10.1016/0024-3205(95)00209-o · Cited by 643
Once-Daily Atomoxetine Treatment for Children and Adolescents With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Study
Michelson, D., Allen, A. J., Busner, J., Casat, C., Dunn, D., Kratochvil, C., Newcorn, J., Sallee, F. R., Sangal, R. B., Saylor, K., et al. (2002) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.159.11.1896 · Cited by 599
A placebo-controlled study of guanfacine in the treatment of children with tic disorders and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Scahill, L., Chappell, P. B., Kim, Y. S., Schultz, R. T., Katsovich, L., Shepherd, E., Arnsten, A. F. T., Cohen, D. J., & Leckman, J. F. (2001) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.158.7.1067 · Cited by 588
Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and hyperkinetic disorder
Swanson, J. M., Sergeant, J. A., Taylor, E., Sonuga-Barke, E. J. S., Jensen, P. S., & Cantwell, D. P. (2001) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781315054315-2 · Cited by 573
A REVIEW OF STIMULANT DRUG RESEARCH WITH HYPERACTIVE CHILDREN
Barkley, R. A. (1977) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1977.tb00425.x · Cited by 542
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (adhd) as a noradrenergic disorder
Biederman, J., & Spencer, T. J. (1999) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(99)00192-4 · Cited by 515
Treatment of ADHD in children with tics: A randomized controlled trial
The Tourette’s Syndrome Study Group (2002) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.58.4.527 · Cited by 504
Nicotine Dependence in Schizophrenia: Clinical Phenomena and Laboratory Findings
Dalack, G. W., Healy, D. J., & Meador‐Woodruff, J. H. (1998) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.155.11.1490 · Cited by 501
Altered reinforcement mechanisms in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.
Sagvolden, T., Aase, H., Zeiner, P., & Berger, D. (1998) · PubMed · Cited by 491
Effects of acute subcutaneous nicotine on attention, information processing and short-term memory in alzheimer's disease
Jones, G., Sahakian, B. J., Levy, R., Warburton, D. M., & Gray, J. A. (1992) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/bf02247426 · Cited by 476
The Contribution of α2-Noradrenergic Mechanisms to Prefrontal Cortical Cognitive Function: Potential Significance for Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Arnsten, A. F. T. (1996) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1996.01830050084013 · Cited by 458
Catecholamines in Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Current Perspectives
Pliszka, S. R., McCracken, J. T., & Maas, J. W. (1996) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-199603000-00006 · Cited by 436
Side effects of methylphenidate in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a systemic, placebo-controlled evaluation.
Barkley, R. A., McMurray, M. B., EDELBROCK, C. S., & Robbins, K. (1990) · PubMed · Cited by 433
Nicotine effects on adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Levin, E. D., Conners, C. K., Sparrow, E., Hinton, S. C., Erhardt, D., Meck, W. H., Rose, J. E., & March, J. (1996) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/bf02246281 · Cited by 415
Blockade of the Noradrenaline Carrier Increases Extracellular Dopamine Concentrations in the Prefrontal Cortex: Evidence that Dopamine Is Taken up In Vivo by Noradrenergic Terminals
Carboni, E., Tanda, G., Frau, R., & Chiara, G. D. (1990) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.1990.tb04599.x · Cited by 412
A double-blind, crossover comparison of methylphenidate and placebo in adults with childhood-onset attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder.
Spencer, T. (1995) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1995.03950180020004 · Cited by 402
Long-term prognosis in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.
Mannuzza, S., & Klein, R. (2000) · Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/s1056-4993(18)30114-7 · Cited by 395
Untitled work
(2001) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 393
Maternal Smoking During Pregnancy and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Symptoms in Offspring
Thapar, A., Fowler, T., Rice, F. J., Scourfield, J., van den Bree, M. B. M., Thomas, H. V., Harold, G. T., & Hay, D. F. (2003) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.160.11.1985 · Cited by 389
Bupropion Hydrochloride in Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity
CONNERS, C. K., CASAT, C. D., GUALTIERI, C. T., WELLER, E., READER, M., REISS, A., WELLER, R. A., KHAYRALLAH, M., & ASCHER, J. (1996) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-199610000-00018 · Cited by 342
Effectiveness and Tolerability of Tomoxetine in Adults With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Spencer, T., Biederman, J., Wilens, T. E., Prince, J., Hatch, M., Jones, J. T., CRAWFORD, M. H., Faraone, S. V., & Seidman, L. J. (1998) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.155.5.693 · Cited by 336
Effects of Risperidone on Conduct and Disruptive Behavior Disorders in Children With Subaverage IQs
SNYDER, R., TURGAY, A., AMAN, M., BINDER, C., FISMAN, S., & CARROLL, A. (2002) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-200209000-00002 · Cited by 335
Clonidine Treatment of Gilles de la Tourette's Syndrome
Leckman, J. F. (1991) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1991.01810280040006 · Cited by 334
Results From 2 Proof-of-Concept, Placebo-Controlled Studies of Atomoxetine in Children With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Spencer, T., Heiligenstein, J. H., Biederman, J., Faries, D. E., Kratochvil, C. J., Conners, C. K., & Potter, W. Z. (2002) · The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry · doi:10.4088/jcp.v63n1209 · Cited by 333 · cited 2×
“5 mg/kg/day or 60 mg/day),or placebo (n = 124), found both atomoxetine and methylphenidate to be effective for the treatment of inattentive and hyperactive/impulsive symptoms and well tolerated in children with ADHD [155].”
Background
Elective Mutism: An Analysis of 100 Cases
Steinhausen, H.-C., & JUZI, C. (1996) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-199605000-00015 · Cited by 311
A Double-Blind Placebo Controlled Study of Desipramine in the Treatment of ADD: I. Efficacy
Biederman, J., Baldessarini, R. J., WRIGHT, V., Knee, D., & Harmatz, J. S. (1989) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-198909000-00022 · Cited by 310
An Open Trial of Guanfacine in the Treatment of Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Hunt, R. D., Arnsten, A. F. T., & Asbell, M. D. (1995) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-199501000-00013 · Cited by 308
Effect of Stimulant Medication on Children with Attention Deficit Disorder: A “Review of Reviews”
Swanson, J. M., McBurnett, K., Wigal, T. L., Pfiffner, L. J., Lerner, M., Williams, L., Christian, D. L., Tamm, L., Willcutt, E. G., Crowley, K., et al. (1993) · Exceptional Children · doi:10.1177/001440299306000209 · Cited by 305
A meta-analysis of clonidine for symptoms of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder
CONNOR, D. F., FLETCHER, K. E., & SWANSON, J. M. (1999) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-199912000-00017 · Cited by 297
Cardiovascular Effects of Therapeutic Doses of Tricyclic Antidepressants in Children and Adolescents
Wilens, T. E., Biederman, J., Baldessarini, R. J., Geller, B., Schleifer, D., Spencer, T. J., Birmaher, B. B., & Goldblatt, A. (1996) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-199611000-00018 · Cited by 294
Methylphenidate and dextroamphetamine treatments of hyperactivity: Are there true nonresponders?
Elia, J., Borcherding, B. G., Rapoport, J. L., & Keysor, C. S. (1991) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/0165-1781(91)90126-a · Cited by 294
Effect of Anxiety on Cognition, Behavior, and Stimulant Response in ADHD
PLISZKA, S. R. (1989) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-198911000-00012 · Cited by 293 · cited 1×
“In contrast to earlier studies which reported a worsening of anxiety symptoms in comorbid ADHD with anxiety disorder [53, 121, 161, 165, 172], the recent studies report no adverse impact (Multimodal Treatment Study of Children with ADHD (MTA study), [49]).”
Result
Atomoxetine and Methylphenidate Treatment in Children With ADHD: A Prospective, Randomized, Open-Label Trial
KRATOCHVIL, C. J., HEILIGENSTEIN, J. H., DITTMANN, R., SPENCER, T. J., BIEDERMAN, J., WERNICKE, J., NEWCORN, J. H., CASAT, C., MILTON, D., & MICHELSON, D. (2002) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-200207000-00008 · Cited by 292
Self-citation
A Controlled Clinical Trial of Bupropion for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Adults
Wilens, T. E., Spencer, T. J., Biederman, J., Girard, K., Doyle, R., Prince, J., Polisner, D., Solhkhah, R., Comeau, S., Monuteaux, M. C., et al. (2001) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.158.2.282 · Cited by 272
Preferential stimulation of ventral tegmental area dopaminergic neurons by nicotine
Mereu, G., Yoon, K.-W. P., Boi, V., Gessa, G. L., Naes, L., & Westfall, T. C. (1987) · European Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/0014-2999(87)90556-5 · Cited by 271
Association of ADHD and conduct disorder – brain electrical evidence for the existence of a distinct subtype
Banaschewski, T., Brandeis, D., Heinrich, H., Albrecht, B., Brunner, E., & Rothenberger, A. (2003) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/1469-7610.00127 · Cited by 265
Self-citation
Adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: psychological test profiles in a clinical population.
Downey, K. K., Stelson, F., Pomerleau, O., & Giordani, B. (1997) · Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease · doi:10.1097/00005053-199701000-00006 · Cited by 262
Bupropion versus Methylphenidate in the Treatment of Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
BARRICKMAN, L. L., PERRY, P. J., ALLEN, A. J., KUPERMAN, S., ARNDT, S. V., HERRMANN, K. J., & SCHUMACHER, E. (1995) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-199505000-00017 · Cited by 254
Guanfacine treatment of comorbid attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and Tourette's syndrome: preliminary clinical experience
CHAPPELL, P. B., RIDDLE, M. A., SCAHILL, L., LYNCH, K. A., SCHULTZ, R., ARNSTEN, A., LECKMAN, J. F., & COHEN, D. J. (1995) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-199509000-00010 · Cited by 250
Imipramine and Methylphenidate Treatments of Hyperactive Boys
Rapoport, J. L. (1974) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1974.01760120049008 · Cited by 243
Controlled Stimulant Treatment of ADHD and Comorbid Tourette's Syndrome: Effects of Stimulant and Dose
Castellanos, F. X., Giedd, J. N., Elia, J., Marsh, W., Ritchie, G. F., Hamburger, S. D., & Rapoport, J. L. (1997) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-199705000-00008 · Cited by 239
Long-term Methylphenidate Therapy in Children With Comorbid Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Chronic Multiple Tic Disorder
Gadow, K. D., Sverd, J., Sprafkin, J. N., Nolan, E. E., & Grossman, S. (1999) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.56.4.330 · Cited by 234
A Pilot Controlled Clinical Trial of ABT-418, a Cholinergic Agonist, in the Treatment of Adults With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Wilens, T. E., Biederman, J., Spencer, T. J., Bostic, J., Prince, J., Monuteaux, M. C., Soriano, J., Fine, C., Abrams, A., Rater, M., et al. (1999) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.156.12.1931 · Cited by 230
Six-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of desipramine for adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
(1996) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.153.9.1147 · Cited by 228
Atomoxetine and methylphenidate treatment in children with ADHD: A prospective, randomized, open-label trial
Dittmann, R., Fouche, D. S., Kratochvil, C. J., Heiligenstein, J. H., Spencer, T. J., & Biederman, J. (2001) · European Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1016/s0924-977x(01)80448-x · Cited by 223
Self-citation
The Treatment of Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Tourette's Syndrome: A Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Study With Clonidine and Desipramine
Singer, H. S., Brown, J., Quaskey, S. A., Rosenberg, L. A., Mellits, E. D., & DENCKLA, M. B. (1995) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.95.1.74 · Cited by 223
Perikaryal and synaptic localization ofα2A-adrenergic receptor-like immunoreactivity
Aoki, C. J., Go, C.-G., Venkatesan, C., & Kurose, H. (1994) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(94)91782-5 · Cited by 221
Regulation of Extracellular Dopamine by the Norepinephrine Transporter
Yamamoto, B. K., & Novotney, S. (1998) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1046/j.1471-4159.1998.71010274.x · Cited by 218
Which boys respond to stimulant medication? A controlled trial of methylphenidate in boys with disruptive behaviour
Taylor, E. A., Schachar, R. J., Thorley, G., Wieselberg, H. M., Everitt, B. J., & Rutter, M. L. (1987) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291700013039 · Cited by 210
Untitled work
(1992) · PubMed · Cited by 207
Time-Response Analysis of the Effect of Stimulant Medication on the Learning Ability of Children Referred for Hyperactivity
Swanson, J., Kinsbourne, M., Roberts, W., & Zucker, K. (1978) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.61.1.21 · Cited by 205
A Pilot Study of Methyiphenidate, Clonidine, or the Combination in ADHD Comorbid with Aggressive Oppositional Defiant or Conduct Disorder
Connor, D. F., Barkley, R. A., & Davis, H. T. (2000) · Clinical Pediatrics · doi:10.1177/000992280003900102 · Cited by 203
A Randomized Controlled Trial of Clonidine Added to Psychostimulant Medication for Hyperactive and Aggressive Children
Hazell, P., & STUART, J. E. (2003) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/01.chi.0000046908.27264.00 · Cited by 200
Comparison of the subjective, physiological, and psychomotor effects of atomoxetine and methylphenidate in light drug users
Heil, S. H., Holmes, H., Bickel, W. K., Higgins, S. T., Badger, G. J., Laws, H. F., & Faries, D. E. (2002) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/s0376-8716(02)00053-4 · Cited by 198
Cardiovascular Effects of Atomoxetine in Children, Adolescents, and Adults
Wernicke, J. F., Faries, D., Girod, D., Brown, J. W., Gao, H., Kelsey, D., Quintana, H., Lipetz, R., Michelson, D., & Heiligenstein, J. (2003) · Drug Safety · doi:10.2165/00002018-200326100-00006 · Cited by 191
Clonidine for Sleep Disturbances Associated with Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Systematic Chart Review of 62 Cases
Prince, J. B., Wilens, T. E., Biederman, J., Spencer, T. J., & Wozniak, J. R. (1996) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-199605000-00014 · Cited by 191
Comparing Guanfacine and Dextroamphetamine for the Treatment of Adult Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Taylor, F. B., & Russo, J. (2001) · Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1097/00004714-200104000-00015 · Cited by 189
Efficacy of Modafinil Compared to Dextroamphetamine for the Treatment of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Adults
TAYLOR, F. B., & Russo, J. E. (2000) · Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1089/cap.2000.10.311 · Cited by 182
The stimulants revisited.
Wilens, T., & Spencer, T. (2000) · Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/s1056-4993(18)30108-1 · Cited by 180
Sudden Death in Children Receiving Norpramin®: A Review of Three Reported Cases and Commentary
Riddle, M. A., Nelson, J. C., Kleinman, C. S., Rasmusson, A. M., Leckman, J. F., King, R. A., & Cohen, D. J. (1991) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-199101000-00016 · Cited by 178
Bupropion Sustained Release in Adolescents With Comorbid Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Depression
Daviss, W. B., BENTIVOGLIO, P., Racusin, R. J., BROWN, K. M., Bostic, J. Q., & WILEY, L. (2001) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-200103000-00010 · Cited by 166
Response of Children with ADHD to Methylphenidate: Interaction with Internalizing Symptoms
DuPaul, G. J., Barkley, R. A., & McMurray, M. B. (1994) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-199407000-00016 · Cited by 164
Compliance with Stimulants for Attention-Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder: Issues and Approaches for Improvement
Swanson, J. (2003) · CNS Drugs · doi:10.2165/00023210-200317020-00004 · Cited by 162
Disposition and Metabolic Fate of Atomoxetine Hydrochloride: The Role of CYP2D6 in Human Disposition and Metabolism
Sauer, J., Ponsler, G. D., Mattiuz, E. L., Long, A. J., Witcher, J. W., Thomasson, H. R., & DESANTE, K. A. (2003) · Drug Metabolism and Disposition · doi:10.1124/dmd.31.1.98 · Cited by 152
Fluoxetine and Methylphenidate in Combination for Treatment of Attention Deficit Disorder and Comorbid Depressive Disorder
Gammon, G. D., & Brown, T. E. (1993) · Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1089/cap.1993.3.1 · Cited by 151
Sudden Death in Children Treated with a Tricyclic Antidepressant
Biederman, J. (1991) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-199105000-00023 · Cited by 148
Treatment of Hyperactive Children With Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors
Zametkin, A. J. (1985) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1985.01790330049006 · Cited by 148
An Open-Label, Dose-Ranging Study of Atomoxetine in Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Spencer, T., Biederman, J., Heiligenstein, J., Wilens, T., Faries, D., Prince, J. B., Faraone, S., Rea, J., Witcher, J., & Zervas, S. (2001) · Journal of child and adolescent psychopharmacology · doi:10.1089/10445460152595577 · Cited by 146
A Double-blind Placebo Controlled Study of Desipramine in the Treatment of ADD: II. Serum Drug Levels and Cardiovascular Findings
Biederman, J., Baldessarini, R. J., WRIGHT, V., Knee, D., Harmatz, J. S., & Goldblatt, A. (1989) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-198911000-00015 · Cited by 139
Questioning inhibitory control as the specific deficit of ADHD ? evidence from brain electrical activity
Banaschewski, T., Brandeis, D., Heinrich, H., Albrecht, B., Brunner, E., & Rothenberger, A. (2004) · Journal of Neural Transmission · doi:10.1007/s00702-003-0040-8 · Cited by 139
Self-citation
Bupropion treatment of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in adults
Wender, P. H., & Reimherr, F. W. (1990) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.147.8.1018 · Cited by 134
Identification of the Human Cytochromes P450 Responsible for Atomoxetine Metabolism
Ring, B. J., Gillespie, J. S., Eckstein, J. A., & Wrighton, S. A. (2002) · Drug Metabolism and Disposition · doi:10.1124/dmd.30.3.319 · Cited by 133
Response to Methylphenidate in Children With ADHD and Comorbid Anxiety
DIAMOND, I. R., TANNOCK, R., & SCHACHAR, R. J. (1999) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-199904000-00012 · Cited by 132
A Double-blind Comparison of Desipramine and Placebo in Children and Adolescents With Chronic Tic Disorder and Comorbid Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Spencer, T. J., Biederman, J., Coffey, B. J., GELLER, D. A., CRAWFORD, M. H., Bearman, S. K., Tarazi, R. A., & Faraone, S. V. (2002) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.59.7.649 · Cited by 129
Safety profile of atomoxetine in the treatment of children and adolescents with ADHD.
Wernicke, J. F., & Kratochvil, C. J. (2002) · PubMed · Cited by 129
Tricyclic Antidepressant and Methylphenidate Treatment of Attention Deficit Disorder in Children
Garfinkel, B. D., Wender, P. H., Sloman, L., & O'NEIL, I. (1983) · Journal of the American Academy of Child Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0002-7138(09)60669-5 · Cited by 129
An Open Trial of Bupropion for ADHD in Adolescents With Substance Use Disorders and Conduct Disorder
Riggs, P., LEON, S. L., Mikulich, S. K., & POTTLE, L. C. (1998) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-199812000-00010 · Cited by 128
Treatment of Hyperactive Children With Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors
Zametkin, A. (1985) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1985.01790330042005 · Cited by 128
Treatment of ADHD with fluoxetine: A preliminary trial
Barrickman, L., Noyes, R., Samuel Kuperman, C., Schumacher, E., & Verda, M. (1991) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0890-8567(10)80011-5 · Cited by 124
Multicenter P300 Brain Mapping of Impaired Attention to Cues in Hyperkinetic Children
Brandeis, D., Banaschewski, T., Baving, L., Georgiewa, P., Blanz, B., Schmidt, M. H., Warnke, A., STEINHAUSEN, H.-C., Rothenberger, A., & Scheuerpflug, P. (2002) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-200208000-00018 · Cited by 118
Self-citation
Guanfacine for Treatment of Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Boys
Horrigan, J. P., & Barnhill, L. J. (1995) · Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1089/cap.1995.5.215 · Cited by 117
Atomoxetine Pharmacokinetics in Children and Adolescents with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Witcher, J. W., Long, A. J., Smith, B. P., Sauer, J., Heilgenstein, J., Wilens, T. E., Spencer, T. J., & Biederman, J. (2003) · Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1089/104454603321666199 · Cited by 116
Antidepressants in the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.
Rush, A. J., & Thase, M. E. (1997) · PubMed · Cited by 115
Open-Label Treatment of Comorbid Depression and Attentional Disorders with Co-administration of Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors and Psychostimulants in Children, Adolescents, and Adults: A Case Series
Findling, R. L. (1996) · Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1089/cap.1996.6.165 · Cited by 113
Bupropion SR vs. Methylphenidate vs. Placebo for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Adults
Samuel Kuperman, C., Perry, P. J., Gaffney, G., Lund, B. C., Bever‐Stille, K. A., Arndt, S. V., Holman, T. L., Moser, D. J., & Paulsen, J. S. (2001) · Annals of Clinical Psychiatry · doi:10.1023/a:1012239823148 · Cited by 113
Effects of Imipramine and Dextroamphetamine on Behavior of Neuropsychiatrically Impaired Children
Winsberg, B. G., Bialer, I., Kupietz, S. S., & Tobias, J. (1972) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.128.11.1425 · Cited by 113
Comparing the abuse potential of methylphenidate versus other stimulants: a review of available evidence and relevance to the ADHD patient.
Kollins, S. H. (2003) · PubMed · Cited by 111
Non-Stimulant Treatment of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Pliszka, S. R. (2003) · CNS Spectrums · doi:10.1017/s1092852900018460 · Cited by 111
Untitled work
(2003) · PubMed · Cited by 110
Clonidine in the Treatment of ADHD: Questions about Safety and Efficacy
Swanson, J. M., Flockhart, D. A., Udrea, D., Cantwell, D. P., Connor, D. F., & Williams, L. (1995) · Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1089/cap.1995.5.301 · Cited by 109
Nortriptyline Treatment of Children with Attention-deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Tic Disorder or Tourette's Syndrome
Spencer, T. J., Biederman, J., Wilens, T. E., Steingard, R. J., & Geist, D. E. (1993) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-199301000-00029 · Cited by 109
Case Study: Adverse Response to Clonidine
Cantwell, D. P., Swanson, J. M., & Connor, D. F. (1997) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-199704000-00017 · Cited by 108
IMIPRAMINE AND METHYLPHENIDATE IN HYPERACTIVE CHILDREN
WERRY, J. S., Aman, M. G., & Diamond, E. (1980) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1980.tb00013.x · Cited by 105
Release of dopamine and 5-hydroxytryptamine from rat striatal slices following activation of nicotinic cholinergic receptors
Westfall, T. C., Grant, H., & Perry, H. (1983) · General Pharmacology The Vascular System · doi:10.1016/0306-3623(83)90037-x · Cited by 102
Clonidine for Sleep Disturbances Associated with Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
WILENS, T. E., BIEDERMAN, J., & SPENCER, T. (1994) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-199403000-00018 · Cited by 101 · cited 1×
“Clonidine has often successfully been used in combination with stimulants for the treatment of sleep disturbances [127,187],aggression [40,56],and tics associated with ADHD [99, 169] rather than as monotherapy for ADHD.”
Background
Estimation of the association between desipramine and the risk for sudden death in 5- to 14-year-old children.
Biederman, J., Thisted, R. A., Greenhill, L. L., & Ryan, N. D. (1995) · PubMed · Cited by 99
Combining Methylphenidate and Clonidine: A CLINICALLY SOUND MEDICATION OPTION
Wilens, T. E., & Spencer, T. J. (1999) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-199905000-00025 · Cited by 97
A Controlled Study of Nortriptyline in Children and Adolescents with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Prince, J. B., Wilens, T. E., Biederman, J., Spencer, T. J., Millstein, R., Polisner, D. A., & Bostic, J. Q. (2000) · Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1089/10445460050167304 · Cited by 95
Effect of Potent CYP2D6 Inhibition by Paroxetine on Atomoxetine Pharmacokinetics
Belle, D. J., Ernest, C. S., Sauer, J., Smith, B. P., Thomasson, H. R., & Witcher, J. W. (2002) · The Journal of Clinical Pharmacology · doi:10.1177/009127002762491307 · Cited by 94
Atomoxetine: a selective noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor for the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Kratochvil, C. J., Vaughan, B. S., Harrington, M. J., & Burke, W. J. (2003) · Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1517/14656566.4.7.1165 · Cited by 94
Stimulant drugs
Santosh, P. J., & Taylor, E. (2000) · European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s007870070017 · Cited by 94
Electrocardiographic Changes during Desipramine and Clomipramine Treatment in Children and Adolescents
Leonard, H. L., Meyer, M. C., Swedo, S. E., RICHTER, D., Hamburger, S. D., Allen, A. J., Rapoport, J. L., & Tucker, E. E. (1995) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-199511000-00012 · Cited by 91
Methylphenidate and Desipramine in Hospitalized Children: I. Separate and Combined Effects on Cognitive Function
Rapport, M. D., Carlson, G. A., Kelly, K. L., & Pataki, C. S. (1993) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-199303000-00014 · Cited by 90
A neuroanatomical and biochemical basis for attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity in children: A defect in tonic adrenaline mediated inhibition of locus coeruleus stimulation
Mefford, I. N., & Potter, W. Z. (1989) · Medical Hypotheses · doi:10.1016/0306-9877(89)90164-3 · Cited by 89
Stimulant-like action of nicotine on striatal dopamine transporter in the brain of adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Krause, K.-H., Dresel, S. H., Krause, J., Kung, H. F., Tatsch, K., & Ackenheil, M. (2002) · The International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1017/s1461145702002821 · Cited by 88
Pharmacological Alternatives to Psychostimulants for the Treatment of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Popper, C. W. (2000) · Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/s1056-4993(18)30109-3 · Cited by 87
Efficacy of Atomoxetine Versus Placebo in School-Age Girls With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Biederman, J., Heiligenstein, J. H., Faries, D. E., Galil, N., Dittmann, R., Emslie, G. J., Kratochvil, C. J., Laws, H. F., Schuh, K. J., & Atomoxetine ADHD Study Group (2002) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.110.6.e75 · Cited by 87
Self-citation
Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: The Stimulants
Greenhill, L. L. (1995) · Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/s1056-4993(18)30455-3 · Cited by 86
A controlled trial of deprenyl in children with Tourette's syndrome and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Feigin, A., Kurlan, R., McDermott, M. P., Beach, J., Dimitsopulos, T., Brower, C. A., Chapieski, L., Trinidad, K. S., Como, P. G., & Jankovic, J. J. (1996) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.46.4.965 · Cited by 82
An open trial of venlafaxine in adult patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.
Hedges, D., Reimherr, F. W., Rogers, A., Strong, R. E., & Wender, P. H. (1995) · PubMed · Cited by 81
A Systematic Assessment of Tricyclic Antidepressants in the Treatment of Adult Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Wilens, T. E., Biederman, J., Mick, E. O., & Spencer, T. J. (1995) · The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease · doi:10.1097/00005053-199501000-00010 · Cited by 80
Modafinil in children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder
Rugino, T. A., & SAMSOCK, T. C. (2003) · Pediatric Neurology · doi:10.1016/s0887-8994(03)00148-6 · Cited by 77
Treatment of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Young, S., & Toone, B. (2006) · CRC Press eBooks · doi:10.1201/b13290-26 · Cited by 77
Selegiline in the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children: a double blind and randomized trial
Akhondzadeh, S., Tavakolian, R., Davari-Ashtiani, R., Arabgol, F., & Amini‎, H. (2003) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0278-5846(03)00117-9 · Cited by 75
Role of executive function in ADHD.
Swanson, J. M. (2003) · PubMed · Cited by 75
An Open Trial of Venlafaxine in the Treatment of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Children and Adolescents
Olvera, R. L., Pliszka, S. R., Luh, J. Y., & TATUM, R. (1996) · Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1089/cap.1996.6.241 · Cited by 73
Bupropion Effects in Attention Deficit and Conduct Disorders
SIMEON, J. G., Ferguson, H. B., & Fleet, J. V. W. (1986) · The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/070674378603100617 · Cited by 73
Open-label trial of venlafaxine in adults with attention deficit disorder.
Adler, L. A., Resnick, S., Kunz, M., & Devinsky, O. (1995) · PubMed · Cited by 72
Deprenyl in Attention Deficit Associated With Tourette's Syndrome
Jankovic, J. J. (1993) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneur.1993.00540030052014 · Cited by 71
Nortriptyline in the Treatment of ADHD: A Chart Review of 58 Cases
Wilens, T. E., Biederman, J., Geist, D. E., Steingard, R. J., & Spencer, T. J. (1993) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-199303000-00015 · Cited by 70
Case Study: Bupropion Exacerbates Tics in Children with Attention-deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Tourette's Syndrome
Spencer, T. J., Biederman, J., Steingard, R. J., & Wilens, T. E. (1993) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-199301000-00030 · Cited by 69
Carbamazepine Use in Children and Adolescents with Features of Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Meta-Analysis
Silva, R. R., Munoz, D. M., & Alpert, M. (1996) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-199603000-00017 · Cited by 67
Localization of rat brain binding sites for [3H]tomoxetine, an enantiomerically pure ligand for norepinephrine reuptake sites
Gehlert, D. R., Gackenheimer, S. L., & Robertson, D. W. (1993) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/0304-3940(93)90737-6 · Cited by 66
AMITRIPTYLINE AND METHYLPHENIDATE TREATMENT OF BEHAVIORALLY DISORDERED CHILDREN
Yepes, L. E., Balka, E. B., Winsberg, B. G., & Bialer, I. (1977) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1977.tb00415.x · Cited by 65
Desipramine in the Treatment of Children with Attention Deficit Disorder
Biederman, J., Gastfriend, D. R., & Jellinek, M. S. (1986) · Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1097/00004714-198612000-00007 · Cited by 65
Use of moclobemide in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Trott, G.-E., Hj, F., Menzel, M., & Nissen, G. (1992) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/bf02246258 · Cited by 65
Charting some challenges in the art and science of nursing
Bradshaw, A. (1998) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(97)09044-2 · Cited by 65
Effect of hepatic impairment on the pharmacokinetics of atomoxetine and its metabolites
Chalon, S., Desager, J., DESANTE, K. A., Frye, R. F., Witcher, J. W., Long, A. J., Sauer, J., Golnez, J., Smith, B. P., Thomasson, H. R., et al. (2003) · Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1067/mcp.2003.25 · Cited by 65
A Naturalistic Study of 24-Hour Electrocardiographic Recordings and Echocardiographic Findings in Children and Adolescents Treated with Desipramine
Biederman, J., Baldessarini, R. J., Goldblatt, A., Lapey, K. A., Doyle, A. E., & Hesslein, P. S. (1993) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-199307000-00015 · Cited by 63
Case Study: Maternal Residual Attention Deficit Disorder Associated with Failure to Thrive in a Two-Month-Old Infant
Daly, J. M., & Fritsch, S. L. (1995) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-199501000-00014 · Cited by 61
Changes in Symptoms and Adverse Events After Discontinuation of Atomoxetine in Children and Adults With Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Wernicke, J., Adler, L. A., Spencer, T. J., West, S. A., Allen, A. J., Heiligenstein, J. H., Milton, D. R., Ruff, D. D., Brown, W. J., Kelsey, D. K., et al. (2004) · Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1097/01.jcp.0000104907.75206.c2 · Cited by 61
Desipramine Treatment of Boys with Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Tics: Preliminary Clinical Experience
Riddle, M. A., Hardin, M. T., Cho, S. C., WOOLSTON, J. L., & Leckman, J. F. (1988) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-198811000-00027 · Cited by 61
THE USE OF TRICYCLIC ANTIDEPRESSANTS IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS
Daly, J. M., & Wilens, T. E. (1998) · Pediatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/s0031-3955(05)70065-1 · Cited by 61
Bupropion in children with attention deficit disorder.
Casat, C. D., Pleasants, D. Z., Schroeder, D. H., & Parler, D. W. (1989) · PubMed · Cited by 61
Localization and quantification of the dopamine transporter: comparison of [3H]WIN 35,428 and [125I]RTI-55
Coulter, C. L., Happe, H. K., Bergman, D. A., & Murrin, L. C. (1995) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(95)00614-v · Cited by 59
Adjunctive Donepezil in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Youth: Case Series
Wilens, T. E., Biederman, J., Wong, J., Spencer, T. J., & Prince, J. B. (2000) · Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1089/10445460050167322 · Cited by 58
A Double-blind Placebo Controlled Study of Desipramine in the Treatment of ADD: III. Lack of Impact of Comorbidity and Family History Factors on Clinical Response
Biederman, J., Baldessarini, R. J., WRIGHT, V., Keenan, K. E., & Faraone, S. V. (1993) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-199301000-00028 · Cited by 57
Venlafaxine in children and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Mukaddes, N. M., & Abalı, O. (2003) · Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences · doi:10.1111/j.1440-1819.2004.01199.x · Cited by 56
Side-effects of Antidepressants
Cookson, J. (1993) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/s0007125000292325 · Cited by 56
A Pilot Controlled Trial of Transdermal Nicotine in the Treatment of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Shytle, R. D., Silver, A. A., Wilkinson, B. J., & Sanberg, P. R. (2002) · The World Journal of Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.3109/15622970209150616 · Cited by 55
An Open-Label Trial of Tomoxetine in Pediatric Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Kratochvil, C. J., Bohac, D. L., Harrington, M., Baker, N., MAY, D. E., & Burke, W. J. (2001) · Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1089/104454601750284072 · Cited by 53
Combining Methylphenidate and Clonidine: The Role of Post-Marketing Surveillance
Fenichel, R. R. (1995) · Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1089/cap.1995.5.155 · Cited by 51
An early phase II clinical trial of tomoxetine (LY139603) in the treatment of newly admitted depressed patients
Chouinard, G., Annable, L., & Bradwejn, J. (1984) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/bf00427436 · Cited by 50
Glutamatergic Changes with Treatment in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Preliminary Case Series
Carrey, N., MacMaster, F. P., Sparkes, S. J., Khan, S. C., & Kusumakar, V. (2002) · Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1089/104454602762599871 · Cited by 49
The Personality Inventory for Children and Response to Methylphenidate: Preliminary Evidence for Predictive Utility
Voelker, S. L., Lachar, D., & Gdowski, C. L. (1983) · Journal of Pediatric Psychology · doi:10.1093/jpepsy/8.2.161 · Cited by 47
Emergence of tics in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder treated with stimulant medications
Varley, C. K., Vincent, J., Varley, P., & Calderon, R. (2001) · Comprehensive Psychiatry · doi:10.1053/comp.2001.23145 · Cited by 46
An Open Clinical Trial of Buspirone in Children With Attention‐Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Malhotra, S., & Santosh, P. (1998) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-199804000-00013 · Cited by 46
Dopaminergic and Noradrenergic Influences on Cognitive Functions Mediated by Prefrontal Cortex
Arnsten, A. F. T. (2000) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780195133714.003.0008 · Cited by 46
The clinical effectiveness and cost effectiveness of methylphenidate for hyperactivity in childhood
Lord, J. L., & Paisley, S. (2000) · Brunel University Research Archive (BURA) (Brunel University London) · Cited by 44
Effects of Desipramine on Autonomic Control of the Heart
Walsh, B. T., Giardina, E. V., Sloan, R. P., GREENHILL, L. L., & Goldfein, J. A. (1994) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-199402000-00006 · Cited by 42
Venlafaxine versus stimulant therapy in patients with dual diagnosis ADD and depression
Hornig, M., & Amsterdam, J. D. (2002) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0278-5846(01)00312-8 · Cited by 41
Risk Factors for Severe Bradycardia During Oral Clonidine Therapy for Hypertension
Byrd, B. F. (1988) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.148.3.729 · Cited by 41
The use of imipramine in children's behavior disorders.
Hr, H., & Al, W. (1970) · PubMed · Cited by 41
A case of Tourette's syndrome with symptoms of attention deficit disorder treated with desipramine.
Hoge, S. K., & Biederman, J. (1986) · PubMed · Cited by 39
Non-stimulant treatments for ADHD
Biederman, J., & Spencer, T. (2009) · European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s007870070019 · Cited by 38
Motor Performance in Hyperactive Children Treated with Imipramine
Gualtieri, C. T., & Evans, R. W. (1988) · Perceptual and Motor Skills · doi:10.2466/pms.1988.66.3.763 · Cited by 38
Alterations in the vigilance performance of children receiving amitriptyline and methylphenidate pharmacotherapy
Kupietz, S. S., & Balka, E. B. (1976) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/bf00634150 · Cited by 38
Clinical Effects of Imipramine and Methylphenidate in Hyperactive Children
Greenberg, L. M., Yellin, A. M., Spring, C., & Metcalf, M. (1975) · International Journal of Mental Health · doi:10.1080/00207411.1975.11448680 · Cited by 38
Childhood behavior and learning problems treated with imipramine.
Rapoport, J. (1965) · PubMed · Cited by 38
ALTERNATIVE (NONSTIMULANT) MEDICATIONS IN THE TREATMENT OF ATTENTION-DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER IN CHILDREN
Silver, L. B. (1999) · Pediatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/s0031-3955(05)70166-8 · Cited by 37
Effect of Clonidine on Atrioventricular Conduction
Kibler, L. E. (1977) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1977.03280190032022 · Cited by 37
Interpretations of cytochrome P450 mechanisms from kinetic studies
Guengerich, F. P., Bell, L. C., & Okazaki, O. (1995) · Biochimie · doi:10.1016/0300-9084(96)88173-9 · Cited by 35
Four-year follow-up of children with low intelligence and ADHD: a replication
Aman, M. G., Armstrong, S. C., Buican, B., & Sillick, T. (2002) · Research in Developmental Disabilities · doi:10.1016/s0891-4222(02)00090-2 · Cited by 33
Pharmacotherapy of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Adults
Wilens, T., Biederman, J., & Spencer, T. (1998) · CNS Drugs · doi:10.2165/00023210-199809050-00002 · Cited by 31
The Use of Antidepressants to Treat Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Adults
Maidment, I. D. (2003) · Journal of Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1177/02698811030173016 · Cited by 30
GW320659 for the Treatment of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Children
DeVeaugh-Geiss, J., Conners, C. K., Sarkis, E. H., Winner, P. K., Ginsberg, L. D., Hemphill, J. M., Laurenza, A., BARROWS, C. F., WEBSTER, C. J., STOTKA, C. J., et al. (2002) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-200208000-00009 · Cited by 28
Imipramine in the Treatment of Minimal Brain Dysfunction in Children
Gross, M. D. (1973) · Psychosomatics · doi:10.1016/s0033-3182(73)71321-9 · Cited by 27
Nicotine dependence: the role for antidepressants and anxiolytics.
Sullivan, M. A., & Covey, L. S. (2002) · PubMed · Cited by 27
The use of imipramine in Tourette's syndrome and attention deficit disorder: case report.
Dillon, D. C., Salzman, I. J., & Schulsinger, D. A. (1985) · PubMed · Cited by 24
An indication for use of imipramine in attention deficit disorder
Cox, W. H. (1982) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.139.8.1059 · Cited by 24
A Naturalistic Assessment of Protriptyline for Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Wilens, T. E., Biederman, J., Abrantes, A. M., & Spencer, T. J. (1996) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-199611000-00017 · Cited by 22
Appropriateness of Psychostimulant Prescription to Children: Theoretical and Empirical Perspectives
Miller, A. R. (1999) · The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/070674379904401008 · Cited by 18
Age- and gender-related growth hormone responses to intravenous clonidine in healthy adults
Kimber, J., Sivenandan, M., Watson, L. P. E., & Mathias, C. J. (2001) · Growth Hormone & IGF Research · doi:10.1054/ghir.2001.0199 · Cited by 16
[Administration of moclobemide++ in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder ].
Antkowiak, R., & Rajewski, A. (1998) · PubMed · Cited by 14
Propafenone for Cardiac Arrhythmias
Birgersdotter-Green, U. M., Bluhm, R. E., Johnston, P. E., & Morrow, J. D. (1992) · The American Journal of the Medical Sciences · doi:10.1097/00000441-199202000-00014 · Cited by 10
Nonstimulant Drugs in the Treatment Of Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Green, W. H. (1992) · Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/s1056-4993(18)30597-2 · Cited by 9
Modification of hyperkinetic behavior by nortriptyline.
Watter, N., & Fe, D. (1973) · PubMed · Cited by 9
P.6.072 Placebo-controlled study of once-daily atomoxetine in the school setting
Weiss, M. D., Tannock, R., Kratochvil, C. J., Dunn, D., Vélez-Borrás, J., Thomason, C., Lambrecht, L., Tamura, R., Kelsey, D. K., & Allen, A. J. (2003) · European Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1016/s0924-977x(03)92370-4 · Cited by 6
P.6.068 Once-daily atomoxetine in childhood ADHD: Continuous symptom relief
Allen, A. J., Kelsey, D. K., Sumner, C. R., Sutton, V. K., Gonzales, J. S., Malcolm, S. K., Schuh, K. J., & Michelson, D. (2003) · European Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1016/s0924-977x(03)92366-2 · Cited by 6
Efficacy Review of Antipsychotics
Krausz, M. R. (2002) · Current Medical Research and Opinion · doi:10.1185/030079902125001065 · Cited by 6
Atomoxetin zur Behandlung der Aufmerksamkeitsdefizit-/Hyperaktivitätsstörungen (ADHS)
Becker, K., & Wehmeier, P. M. (2003) · psychoneuro · doi:10.1055/s-2003-43532 · Cited by 3

Sorted by citations

a dynamic developmental theory of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (adhd) predominantly hyperactive/impulsive and combined subtypes
sagvolden, T., johansen, E. B., aase, H., & russell, V. A. (2005) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x05000075 · Cited by 1,035
European consensus statement on diagnosis and treatment of adult ADHD: The European Network Adult ADHD
Kooij, S. J., Bejerot, S., Blackwell, A., Caci, H., Casas-Brugué, M., Carpentier, P. J., Edvinsson, D., Fayyad, J., Foeken, K., Fitzgerald, M., et al. (2010) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/1471-244x-10-67 · Cited by 928
“Atomoxetine is usually considered the second line treatment, followed by other non-stimulants like bupropion, guanfacine, modafinil and tricyclic antidepressents, based on efficacy outcomes in controlled studies in different age groups [239,261-264].”
Adult ADHD and comorbid disorders: clinical implications of a dimensional approach
Katzman, M. A., Bilkey, T. S., Chokka, P. R., Fallu, A., & Klassen, L. J. (2017) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-017-1463-3 · Cited by 732
European clinical guidelines for hyperkinetic disorder ? first upgrade
Taylor, E., D�pfner, M., Sergeant, J., Asherson, P., Banaschewski, T., Buitelaar, J., Coghill, D., Danckaerts, M., Rothenberger, A., Sonuga-Barke, E., et al. (2004) · European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s00787-004-1002-x · Cited by 682
Self-citation
European clinical guidelines for Tourette syndrome and other tic disorders. Part II: pharmacological treatment
the ESSTS Guidelines Group, Roessner, V., Plessen, K. J., Rothenberger, A., Ludolph, A. G., Rizzo, R., Skov, L., Strand, G., Stern, J. S., Termine, C., et al. (2011) · European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s00787-011-0163-7 · Cited by 461
Self-citation

See all 183

Authors: Banaschewski, T., Roessner, V., Dittmann, R. W., Janardhanan Santosh, P., & Rothenberger, A.
Affiliations: University of Göttingen (DE)
Universität Hamburg (DE)
ORCID: Banaschewski, T.
Roessner, V.
Rothenberger, A.
Venue: European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2004-07
Volume: 13
Issue: S1
Pages: I102-16
ISSN: 1018-8827 (ISSN-L)
1435-165X
DOI: 10.1007/s00787-004-1010-x
OpenAlex: W1999326093
Cited by: 183
References: 191
Citations by year: 2026: 1 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 12
FWCI: 6.18
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
Locations: European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
GRO (submittedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Behavioral and Psychological Studies
Social Sciences › Psychology › Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology › Developmental and Educational Neuropsychology
Keywords: attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, non-stimulant medication, atomoxetine, norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, tricyclic antidepressants, alpha-2 adrenergic agonists, acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, nicotinic agonists, drug safety and efficacy
MeSH terms: Atomoxetine Hydrochloride, Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Child, Drug Interactions, Drug Tolerance, Humans, Norepinephrine, Propylamines

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Non?stimulant medications in the treatment of ADHD

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks