The effects of ozone on human health
Abstract
Ozone is a highly reactive, oxidative gas associated with adverse health outcome, including mortality and morbidity. Data from monitoring sites worldwide show levels of ozone often exceeding EU legislation threshold and the more restrictive WHO guidelines for the protection of human health. Well-established evidence has been produced for short-term effects, especially on respiratory and cardiovascular systems, associated to ozone exposure. Less conclusive is the evidence for long-term effects, reporting suggestive associations with respiratory mortality, new-onset asthma in children and increased respiratory symptom effects in asthmatics. The growing epidemiological evidence and the increasing availability of routinely collected data on air pollutant concentrations and health statistics allow to produce robust estimates in health impact assessment routine. Most recent estimates indicate that in 2013 in EU-28, 16,000 premature deaths, equivalent to 192,000 years of life lost, are attributable to ozone exposure. Italy shows very high health impact estimates among EU countries, reporting 3380 premature deaths and 61 years of life lost (per 100,000 inhabitants) attributable to ozone exposure.
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Ozone can cause adverse respiratory effects such as difficulty of breathing and inflammation of the airways in the general population.
“Ozone can cause adverse respiratory effects such as difficulty of breathing (e.g., shortness of breath and pain when taking a deep breath) and inflammation of the airways in the general population.”
From Ozone pollution: A Major health hazard worldwide (2019) · cites this paper as [25]
Ozone exposure is likely to cause premature deaths, and the evidence is stronger for mortality due to respiratory illnesses than for that due to other diseases.
“Ozone exposure is likely to cause premature deaths, and the evidence is stronger for mortality due to respiratory illnesses than for that due to other diseases.”
From Ozone pollution: A Major health hazard worldwide (2019) · cites this paper as [25]
Children are at increased risk from ozone exposure, as children have a relatively higher dose per body mass and children's lung is still developing.
“Children are at increased risk from ozone exposure, as children have a relatively higher dose per body mass and children's lung is still developing.”
From Ozone pollution: A Major health hazard worldwide (2019) · cites this paper as [25]
Long-term exposure to ozone is likely to be one of many causes of asthma development.
“Long-term exposure to ozone is likely to be one of many causes of asthma development.”
From Ozone pollution: A Major health hazard worldwide (2019) · cites this paper as [25]
These respiratory effects can aggravate lung diseases such as asthma, emphysema, and chronic bronchitis (COPD).
“These effects can aggravate lung diseases such as asthma, emphysema, and chronic bronchitis [chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)].”
From Ozone pollution: A Major health hazard worldwide (2019) · cites this paper as [25]
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Ozone pollution: A Major health hazard worldwide
Zhang, J. (., Wei, Y., & Fang, Z. (2019) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2019.02518 · Cited by 828 · see citing works
Wilson, S. R., Madronich, S., Longstreth, J. D., & Solomon, K. R. (2019) · Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences · doi:10.1039/c8pp90064g · Cited by 68 · see citing works
- Authors
- Nuvolone, D., Petri, D., & Voller, F.
- Affiliations
- Agenzia Regionale di Sanità della Toscana (IT)
- Corresponding author
- Nuvolone, Daniela
- Venue
- Environmental Science and Pollution Research
- Published
- 2017-05-25
- Volume
- 25
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 8074-8088
- ISSN
- 0944-1344 (ISSN-L)
- 1614-7499
- OpenAlex
- W2617831508
- Cited by
- 619
- References
- 79
- Citations by year
- 2026: 60 · 2025: 101 · 2024: 115 · 2023: 90 · 2022: 90 · 2021: 81 · 2020: 46 · 2019: 28 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 1
- FWCI
- 12.10
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Environmental Science and Pollution Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Air Quality and Health Impacts
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Indoor Air Quality and Microbial Exposure
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Plant responses to elevated CO2
- Keywords
- ozone, air pollution health effects, respiratory mortality, cardiovascular effects, asthma, premature mortality, years of life lost, health impact assessment, short-term exposure, long-term exposure, EU-28
- MeSH terms
- Air Pollution, Asthma, Child, Environmental Exposure, Humans, Italy, Morbidity, Ozone
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