Neuroinflammation: Modulation by flavonoids and mechanisms of action

Spencer, Jeremy P.E.; Vafeiadou, Katerina; Williams, Robert J.; Vauzour, David

doi:10.1016/j.mam.2011.10.016

Cited by 315Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration MechanismsFlavonoids in Medical ResearchPhytochemicals and Antioxidant Activities

Neuroinflammation: Modulation by flavonoids and mechanisms of action

Spencer, Jeremy P.E., Vafeiadou, Katerina, Williams, Robert J., Vauzour, David·2012·Molecular Aspects of Medicine

DOI 10.1016/j.mam.2011.10.016

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Abstract

Neuroinflammatory processes are known to contribute to the cascade of events culminating in the neuronal damage that underpins neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease. Recently, there has been much interest in the potential neuroprotective effects of flavonoids, a group of plant secondary metabolites known to have diverse biological activity in vivo. With respect to the brain, flavonoids, such as those found in cocoa, tea, berries and citrus, have been shown to be highly effective in preventing age-related cognitive decline and neurodegeneration in both animals and humans. Evidence suggests that flavonoids may express such ability through a multitude of physiological functions, including an ability to modulate the brains immune system. This review will highlight the evidence for their potential to inhibit neuroinflammation through an attenuation of microglial activation and associated cytokine release, iNOS expression, nitric oxide production and NADPH oxidase activity. We will also detail the current evidence indicting that their regulation of these immune events appear to be mediated by their actions on intracellular signaling pathways, including the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) cascade and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. As such, flavonoids represent important precursor molecules in the quest to develop of a new generation of drugs capable of counteracting neuroinflammation and neurodegenerative disease.

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Extended neuroinflammatory events can lead to progressive neuronal damage described in many neurodegenerative diseases.
“although it is widely proven that extended neuroinflammatory events can lead to the progressive neuronal damage described in many neurodegenerative diseases [70].”
From Beneficial Effects of Spirulina Consumption on Brain Health (2022) · cites this paper as [70]
A proposed anti-inflammatory mechanism of phenolic compounds is an inhibitory action against iNOS induction and subsequent NO production in response to glial activation.
“an inhibitory action against inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) induction and subsequent NO production in response to glial activation”
From Multi-Target Mechanisms of Phytochemicals in Alzheimer’s Disease: Effects on Oxidative Stress, Neuroinflammation and Protein Aggregation (2022) · cites this paper as [159]
A proposed anti-inflammatory mechanism of phenolic compounds is an ability to inhibit activation of NADPH oxidase and subsequent generation of ROS in activated glia.
“an ability to inhibit the activation of NADPH oxidase and subsequent generation of ROS in activated glia”
From Multi-Target Mechanisms of Phytochemicals in Alzheimer’s Disease: Effects on Oxidative Stress, Neuroinflammation and Protein Aggregation (2022) · cites this paper as [159]
A proposed anti-inflammatory mechanism of phenolic compounds is an inhibitory role in the release of cytokines such as IL-1β and TNF-α from activated glia.
“an inhibitory role in the release of cytokines, such as IL-1β and TNF-α, from activated glia”
From Multi-Target Mechanisms of Phytochemicals in Alzheimer’s Disease: Effects on Oxidative Stress, Neuroinflammation and Protein Aggregation (2022) · cites this paper as [159]
A proposed anti-inflammatory mechanism of phenolic compounds is inhibitory activity regulation of pro-inflammatory transcription factors such as NF-κB through modulation of various glial and neuronal signaling pathways.
“an inhibitory activity regulation of pro-inflammatory transcription factors such as nuclear factor (NF)-κB through the modulation of various glial and neuronal signaling pathways [158,159].”
From Multi-Target Mechanisms of Phytochemicals in Alzheimer’s Disease: Effects on Oxidative Stress, Neuroinflammation and Protein Aggregation (2022) · cites this paper as [159]

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Important Flavonoids and Their Role as a Therapeutic Agent
Ullah, A., Munir, S., Badshah, S. L., Khan, N., Ghani, L., Poulson, B. G., Emwas, A.-H., & Jaremko, M. (2020) · Molecules · doi:10.3390/molecules25225243 · Cited by 1,696 · see citing works
Bioactive flavonoids in medicinal plants: Structure, activity and biological fate
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Low-grade inflammation, diet composition and health: current research evidence and its translation
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Bioavailability, bioactivity and impact on health of dietary flavonoids and related compounds: an update
Rodriguez‐Mateos, A., Vauzour, D., Krueger, C. G., Shanmuganayagam, D., Reed, J. D., Calani, L., Mena, P. R., Rio, D. D., & Crozier, A. (2014) · Archives of Toxicology · doi:10.1007/s00204-014-1330-7 · Cited by 608 · see citing works
The Bioavailability, Transport, and Bioactivity of Dietary Flavonoids: A Review from a Historical Perspective
Williamson, G., Kay, C. D., & Crozier, A. (2018) · Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety · doi:10.1111/1541-4337.12351 · Cited by 607 · see citing works
Anti-inflammatory Effects of Flavonoids in Neurodegenerative Disorders
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Modulation of Neuroinflammation by Dietary Flavonoids
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Authors: Spencer, J. P. E., Vafeiadou, K., Williams, R. J., & Vauzour, D.
Affiliations: University of Reading (GB)
University of Bath (GB)
University of East Anglia (GB)
Corresponding author: Spencer, Jeremy P.E.
ORCID: Vauzour, David
Venue: Molecular Aspects of Medicine
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2012-02
Volume: 33
Issue: 1
Pages: 83-97
ISSN: 0098-2997 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2011.10.016
OpenAlex: W1977122148
Cited by: 315
References: 159
Citations by year: 2026: 7 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 21 · 2023: 29 · 2022: 23 · 2021: 20 · 2020: 30 · 2019: 25 · 2018: 18 · 2017: 26 · 2016: 27 · 2015: 21 · 2014: 25 · 2013: 13 · 2012: 17
FWCI: 1.55
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Molecular Aspects of Medicine (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
UEA Digital Repository (University of East Anglia) (submittedVersion)
University of Hertfordshire Research Archive (University of Hertfordshire) (submittedVersion)
Funders: Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BB/G005702/1, BB/E023185/1, BB/F008953/1, BB/C518222/1)
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Flavonoids in Medical Research
Health Sciences › Medicine › Biochemistry › Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Activities
Keywords: neuroinflammation, flavonoids, neuroprotection, neurodegenerative diseases, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, microglial activation, cytokine production, nitric oxide, NADPH oxidase, inducible nitric oxide synthase, NF-κB signaling, MAPK signaling, intracellular signaling, age-related cognitive decline, Theobroma cacao, tea, berries, citrus
MeSH terms: Animals, Flavonoids, Humans, Inflammation, Nervous System Diseases, Signal Transduction, Neuroprotective Agents

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Neuroinflammation: Modulation by flavonoids and mechanisms of action

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