Pragmatic reasoning schemas
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
How a problem is phrased can influence how people solve it.
“The literature on heuristics and biases also suggests that how a problem is phrased can influence how people solve it (Cheng and Holyoak, 1985;Tversky and Kahneman, 1981).”
From Machine Psychology (2023) · cites this paper as Cheng and Holyoak, 1985
Cites
The processes of causal attribution.
Kelley, H. H. (1973) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/h0034225 · Cited by 4,025 · see citing works
Attribution: Perceiving the Causes of Behavior
JONES, E. E. (1987) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 3,775 · see citing works
Schemata: The Building Blocks of Cognition
Rumelhart, D. E. (2017) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781315107493-4 · Cited by 2,584 · see citing works
Theoretical Issues in Reading Comprehension
(2017) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781315107493 · Cited by 2,224 · see citing works
Foss, B. (1966) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 1,157 · see citing works
Causal schemata and the attribution process
Kelley, H. H. (1972) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 1,048 · see citing works
The elusive thematic‐materials effect in Wason's selection task
Griggs, R. A., & Cox, J. R. (1982) · British Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.2044-8295.1982.tb01823.x · Cited by 859 · see citing works
On the Relation Between the Natural Logic of Reasoning and Standard Logic.
Braine, M. (1978) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.85.1.1 · Cited by 609 · see citing works
The Psychology of Deductive Reasoning
Revlin, R., & Evans, J. S. B. T. (1983) · The American Journal of Psychology · doi:10.2307/1422326 · Cited by 523 · see citing works
On the relation between logic and thinking.
Henle, M. (1962) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/h0042043 · Cited by 522 · see citing works
REASONING AND A SENSE OF REALITY
Johnson-Laird, P. N., Legrenzi, P., & Legrenzi, M. S. (1972) · British Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.2044-8295.1972.tb01287.x · Cited by 516 · see citing works
Pragmatic versus syntactic approaches to training deductive reasoning
Cheng, P. W., Holyoak, K. J., Nisbett, R. E., & Oliver, L. M. (1986) · Cognitive Psychology · doi:10.1016/0010-0285(86)90002-2 · Cited by 488 · see citing works
Self-citationCognitive processes in propositional reasoning.
Rips, L. J. (1983) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.90.1.38 · Cited by 466 · see citing works
Natural and contrived experience in a reasoning problem
Wason, P. C., & Shapiro, D. (1971) · Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology · doi:10.1080/00335557143000068 · Cited by 444 · see citing works
Facilitation of reasoning by realism: Effect or non‐effect?
Manktelow, K. I., & Evans, J. S. B. T. (1979) · British Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.2044-8295.1979.tb01720.x · Cited by 358 · see citing works
Thinking and Reasoning: Psychological Approaches
Dominowski, R. L., & Evans, J. S. B. T. (1985) · The American Journal of Psychology · doi:10.2307/1422779 · Cited by 324 · see citing works
Geis, M. L., & Zvicky, A. M. (1971) · The Knowledge Bank (The Ohio State University) · Cited by 323 · see citing works
Chinese and English counterfactuals: The Sapir-Whorf hypothesis revisited
Au, T. K.-F. (1983) · Cognition · doi:10.1016/0010-0277(83)90038-0 · Cited by 301 · see citing works
Bloom, A. H. (1981) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 280 · see citing works
Reasoning: Representation and Process
Falmagne, R. J. (2015) · Psychology Press eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781315682747 · Cited by 240 · see citing works
Some Empirical Justification for a Theory of Natural Propositional Logic
Braine, M. D. S., Reiser, B. J., & Rumain, B. (1984) · The Psychology of learning and motivation/The psychology of learning and motivation · doi:10.1016/s0079-7421(08)60365-5 · Cited by 153 · see citing works
Linguistic Factors in Reasoning
Evans, J. S. B. T. (1977) · Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology · doi:10.1080/14640747708400605 · Cited by 143 · see citing works
Human reasoning: Some possible effects of availability
Pollard, P. (1982) · Cognition · doi:10.1016/0010-0277(82)90030-0 · Cited by 139 · see citing works
Reasoning and Mental Representation
Wason, P. C., & Green, D. W. (1984) · The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A · doi:10.1080/14640748408402181 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Wason's selection task: Verification, falsification and matching
Reich, S. S., & Ruth, P. (1982) · British Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.2044-8295.1982.tb01822.x · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Inducements: On the phrasing and logic of conditional promises, threats, and warnings
Fillenbaum, S. (1976) · Psychological Research · doi:10.1007/bf00309774 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Ninth Bartlett Memorial Lecture. Thinking as a Skill
Johnson-Laird, P. N. (1982) · The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A · doi:10.1080/14640748208400855 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Memory cueing and instructional effects on Wason’s selection task
Griggs, R. A. (1984) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/bf02686552 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
The effect of thematic content on cognitive strategies in the four-card selection task
Yachanin, S. A., & Tweney, R. D. (1982) · Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society · doi:10.3758/bf03330048 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Language and reasoning: a study of temporal factors
Evans, J. S. B. T., & Newstead, S. E. (1977) · Cognition · doi:10.1016/0010-0277(77)90005-1 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Fillenbaum, S. (1975) · Psychological Research · doi:10.1007/bf00309037 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Facilitation in Wason’s selection task: Content and instructions
Yachanin, S. A. (1986) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/bf02686593 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Directionality and temporal factors in conditional reasoning
Evans, J. S. B. T., & Beck, M. (1981) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/bf02684483 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Pictures of Ghosts: A Critique of Alfred Bloom's The Linguistic Shaping of Thought
Cheng, P. W. (1985) · American Anthropologist · doi:10.1525/aa.1985.87.4.02a00200 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Self-citationIndividual differences in deduction
Rips, L. J., & Conrad, F. G. (1983) · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
2 of the 37 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Confirmation Bias: A Ubiquitous Phenomenon in Many Guises
Nickerson, R. S. (1998) · Review of General Psychology · doi:10.1037/1089-2680.2.2.175 · Cited by 7,267 · see citing works
Barsalou, L. W. (2008) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.59.103006.093639 · Cited by 5,936 · see citing works
Individual differences in reasoning: Implications for the rationality debate?
Stanovich, K. E., & West, R. F. (2000) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x00003435 · Cited by 4,255 · see citing works
The empirical case for two systems of reasoning.
Sloman, S. A. (1996) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.119.1.3 · Cited by 3,813 · see citing works
Heuristics and Biases: The Psychology of Intuitive Judgment
Bottom, W. P., Gilovich, T. D., Griffin, D., & Kahneman, D. J. (2004) · Academy of Management Review · doi:10.2307/20159081 · Cited by 3,579 · see citing works
Norm theory: Comparing reality to its alternatives
Kahneman, D., & Miller, D. T. (1986) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.93.2.136 · Cited by 3,158 · see citing works
Constructing inferences during narrative text comprehension.
Graesser, A. C., Singer, M., & Trabasso, T. (1994) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.101.3.371 · Cited by 2,578 · see citing works
Gazzaniga, M. S., & Bizzi, E. (2000) · Cited by 2,525 · see citing works
Cognitive Adaptations for Social Exchange
Cosmides, L., & Tooby, J. (1992) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780195060232.003.0004 · Cited by 2,509 · see citing works
Slovic, P., Finucane, M., Peters, E., & MacGregor, D. G. (2002) · Heuristics and Biases · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511808098.025 · Cited by 2,349 · see citing works
“Clinical versus Actuarial Judgment.”
Dawes, R. M., Faust, D., & Meehl, P. E. (1989) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.2648573 · Cited by 2,298 · see citing works
(2002) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511808098 · Cited by 2,214 · see citing works
The Cambridge handbook of thinking and reasoning
Holyoak, K. J., & Morrison, B. (2005) · Cited by 2,133 · see citing works
Self-citationSocial Cognitive Neuroscience: A Review of Core Processes
Lieberman, M. D. (2007) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.58.110405.085654 · Cited by 2,010 · see citing works
The weighing of evidence and the determinants of confidence
Griffin, D., & Tversky, A. (1992) · Cognitive Psychology · doi:10.1016/0010-0285(92)90013-r · Cited by 1,796 · see citing works
Representativeness revisited: Attribute substitution in intuitive judgment.
Kahneman, D., & Frederick, S. (2002) · Heuristics and Biases · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511808098.004 · Cited by 3,476 · see citing works
The Effects of Financial Incentives in Experiments: A Review and Capital-Labor-Production Framework
Camerer, C. F., Hogarth, R. M., Budescu, D. V., & Eckel, C. C. (1999) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-94-017-1406-8_2 · Cited by 1,549 · see citing works
Representations in Distributed Cognitive Tasks
Zhang, J., & Norman, D. A. (1994) · Cognitive Science · doi:10.1207/s15516709cog1801_3 · Cited by 1,203 · see citing works
Support theory: a nonextensional representation of subjective probability
Tversky, A., & Koehler, D. J. (1994) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.101.4.547 · Cited by 1,167 · see citing works
Mental contamination and mental correction: Unwanted influences on judgments and evaluations.
Wilson, T. D., & Brekke, N. (1994) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.116.1.117 · Cited by 1,157 · see citing works
Are Cognitive Skills Context-Bound?
PERKINS, D., & SALOMON, G. (1989) · Educational Researcher · doi:10.3102/0013189x018001016 · Cited by 1,133 · see citing works
The Hot Hand in Basketball: On the Misperception of Random Sequences
Gilovich, T., Vallone, R., & Tversky, A. (1985) · Cognitive Psychology · doi:10.1016/0010-0285(85)90010-6 · Cited by 1,649 · see citing works
A rational analysis of the selection task as optimal data selection.
Oaksford, M., & Nick Chater, A. (1994) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.101.4.608 · Cited by 1,047 · see citing works
Skill acquisition: Compilation of weak-method problem situations.
Anderson, J. R. (1987) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.94.2.192 · Cited by 1,022 · see citing works
INTERDEPENDENT PREFERENCES AND RECIPROCITY
Sobel, J. (2005) · Journal of Economic Literature · doi:10.1257/0022051054661530 · Cited by 985 · see citing works
Learning by imitation: A hierarchical approach
Byrne, R. W., & Russon, A. E. (1998) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x98001745 · Cited by 885 · see citing works
Conditionals: A theory of meaning, pragmatics, and inference.
Johnson-Laird, P. N., & Byrne, R. M. J. (2002) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.109.4.646 · Cited by 864 · see citing works
Learning in and about complex systems
Sterman, J. D. (1994) · System Dynamics Review · doi:10.1002/sdr.4260100214 · Cited by 1,279 · see citing works
Koedinger, K. R., Corbett, A. T., & Perfetti, C. (2012) · Cognitive Science · doi:10.1111/j.1551-6709.2012.01245.x · Cited by 772 · see citing works
Children and adults as intuitive scientists.
Kuhn, D. (1989) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.96.4.674 · Cited by 774 · see citing works
Domain-specific reasoning: Social contracts, cheating, and perspective change
Gigerenzer, G., & Hug, K. (1992) · Cognition · doi:10.1016/0010-0277(92)90060-u · Cited by 765 · see citing works
Dunning, D., Meyerowitz, J. A., & Holzberg, A. D. (1989) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.57.6.1082 · Cited by 758 · see citing works
Relevance theory explains the selection task
Sperber, D. (1995) · Cognition · doi:10.1016/0010-0277(95)00666-m · Cited by 711 · see citing works
Dunning, D. A., Meyerowitz, J. A., & Holzberg, A. D. (2002) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511808098.020 · Cited by 688 · see citing works
Evolutionary psychology and the generation of culture, part II
Cosmides, L., & Tooby, J. (1989) · Ethology and Sociobiology · doi:10.1016/0162-3095(89)90013-7 · Cited by 663 · see citing works
Thinking through uncertainty: Nonconsequential reasoning and choice
Shafir, E. B., & Tversky, A. (1992) · Cognitive Psychology · doi:10.1016/0010-0285(92)90015-t · Cited by 660 · see citing works
Evolutionary psychology and the generation of culture, part I
Tooby, J., & Cosmides, L. (1989) · Ethology and Sociobiology · doi:10.1016/0162-3095(89)90012-5 · Cited by 650 · see citing works
Grazioli, S., & Järvenpää, S. L. (2000) · IEEE Transactions on Systems Man and Cybernetics - Part A Systems and Humans · doi:10.1109/3468.852434 · Cited by 580 · see citing works
Temporal discounting and utility for health and money.
Chapman, G. B. (1996) · Journal of Experimental Psychology Learning Memory and Cognition · doi:10.1037//0278-7393.22.3.771 · Cited by 537 · see citing works
Nichols, S. (2004) · doi:10.1093/0195169344.001.0001 · Cited by 522 · see citing works
The Development of Scientific Reasoning Skills
Zimmerman, C. (2000) · Developmental Review · doi:10.1006/drev.1999.0497 · Cited by 509 · see citing works
Suppressing valid inferences with conditionals
Byrne, R. M. J. (1989) · Cognition · doi:10.1016/0010-0277(89)90018-8 · Cited by 486 · see citing works
Propositional reasoning by model.
Johnson-Laird, P. N., Byrne, R. M. J., & Schaeken, W. (1992) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.99.3.418 · Cited by 489 · see citing works
Pragmatic versus syntactic approaches to training deductive reasoning
Cheng, P. W., Holyoak, K. J., Nisbett, R. E., & Oliver, L. M. (1986) · Cognitive Psychology · doi:10.1016/0010-0285(86)90002-2 · Cited by 488 · see citing works
Self-citationSimilarity and the development of rules
Gentner, D., & Medina, J. (1998) · Cognition · doi:10.1016/s0010-0277(98)00002-x · Cited by 472 · see citing works
Varieties of Confirmation Bias
Klayman, J. (1995) · Psychology of Learning and Motivation · doi:10.1016/s0079-7421(08)60315-1 · Cited by 755 · see citing works
Evolutionary Psychology: New Perspectives on Cognition and Motivation
Cosmides, L., & Tooby, J. (2011) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.121208.131628 · Cited by 453 · see citing works
An evaluation of dual-process theories of reasoning
Osman, M. (2004) · Psychonomic Bulletin & Review · doi:10.3758/bf03196730 · Cited by 444 · see citing works
Human Reasoning and Cognitive Science
Stenning, K., & van Lambalgen, M. (2008) · The MIT Press eBooks · doi:10.7551/mitpress/7964.001.0001 · Cited by 439 · see citing works
Logic and human reasoning: An assessment of the deduction paradigm.
Evans, J. S. B. T. (2002) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.128.6.978 · Cited by 431 · see citing works
Belief revision in children: The role of prior knowledge and strategies for generating evidence
Schauble, L. (1990) · Journal of Experimental Child Psychology · doi:10.1016/0022-0965(90)90048-d · Cited by 420 · see citing works
The role of understanding in solving word problems
Cummins, D. D., Kintsch, W., Reusser, K., & Weimer, R. (1988) · Cognitive Psychology · doi:10.1016/0010-0285(88)90011-4 · Cited by 426 · see citing works
Unpacking, repacking, and anchoring: Advances in support theory.
Rottenstreich, Y., & Tversky, A. (1997) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.104.2.406 · Cited by 437 · see citing works
A framework for the unification of the behavioral sciences
Gintis, H., Ainslie, G., Arnhart, L., Bentley, R., Brown, R., Brown, S. L., Burgess, R. L., Molenaar, P., Clarke, S., Colman, A., et al. (2007) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x07000581 · Cited by 373 · see citing works
Incorporating the Irrelevant: Anchors in Judgments of Belief and Value
Chapman, G. B., & Johnson, E. J. (2002) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511808098.008 · Cited by 410 · see citing works
The psychology of meta-ethics: Exploring objectivism
Goodwin, G. P., & Darley, J. M. (2007) · Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.cognition.2007.06.007 · Cited by 415 · see citing works
Sloman, S. A. (2002) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511808098.024 · Cited by 407 · see citing works
Anderson, J. R. (1991) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x00070801 · Cited by 386 · see citing works
Imagining Can Heighten or Lower the Perceived Likelihood of Contracting a Disease
Sherman, S., Cialdini, R., Schwartzman, D. F., & Reynolds, K. (1985) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167285111011 · Cited by 310 · see citing works
Abstract Planning and Perceptual Chunks: Elements of Expertise in Geometry
Koedinger, K. R., & Anderson, J. R. (1990) · Cognitive Science · doi:10.1207/s15516709cog1404_2 · Cited by 375 · see citing works
Krueger, J. I., & Funder, D. C. (2004) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x04000081 · Cited by 370 · see citing works
The Pragmatics of Analogical Transfer
Holyoak, K. J. (1985) · The Psychology of learning and motivation/The psychology of learning and motivation · doi:10.1016/s0079-7421(08)60524-1 · Cited by 370 · see citing works
Self-citationWhen less is more: Counterfactual thinking and satisfaction among Olympic medalists.
Medvec, V. H., Madey, S. F., & Gilovich, T. D. (1995) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-3514.69.4.603 · Cited by 507 · see citing works
Social roles and utilities in reasoning with deontic conditionals
Manktelow, K. I., & Over, D. E. (1991) · Cognition · doi:10.1016/0010-0277(91)90039-7 · Cited by 366 · see citing works
Effect of Negative Emotional Content on Working Memory and Long-Term Memory.
Kensinger, E. A., & Corkin, S. (2003) · Emotion · doi:10.1037/1528-3542.3.4.378 · Cited by 364 · see citing works
On the natural selection of reasoning theories
Cheng, P. W., & Holyoak, K. J. (1989) · Cognition · doi:10.1016/0010-0277(89)90031-0 · Cited by 362 · see citing works
Self-citationCausal Models: How People Think about the World and Its Alternatives
Sloman, S. (2005) · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195183115.001.0001 · Cited by 677 · see citing works
Fiddick, L., Cosmides, L., & Tooby, J. (2000) · Cognition · doi:10.1016/s0010-0277(00)00085-8 · Cited by 354 · see citing works
Neurocognitive Adaptations Designed for Social Exchange
Cosmides, L., & Tooby, J. (2015) · doi:10.1002/9780470939376.ch20 · Cited by 352 · see citing works
Lehman, D. R., Lempert, R. O., & Nisbett, R. E. (1988) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.43.6.431 · Cited by 341 · see citing works
A theory of if: A lexical entry, reasoning program, and pragmatic principles.
Braine, M. D. S., & O'Brien, D. P. (1991) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.98.2.182 · Cited by 334 · see citing works
Précis of Bayesian Rationality: The Probabilistic Approach to Human Reasoning
Oaksford, M., & Chater, N. (2009) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x09000284 · Cited by 332 · see citing works
A probabilistic contrast model of causal induction.
Cheng, P. W., & Novick, L. R. (1990) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-3514.58.4.545 · Cited by 327 · see citing works
Self-citationConditional reasoning and causation
Cummins, D. D., Lubart, T., Alksnis, O., & Rist, R. S. (1991) · Memory & Cognition · doi:10.3758/bf03211151 · Cited by 322 · see citing works
The Probability Heuristics Model of Syllogistic Reasoning
Chater, N., & Oaksford, M. (1999) · Cognitive Psychology · doi:10.1006/cogp.1998.0696 · Cited by 324 · see citing works
Assessing uncertainty in physical constants
Henrion, M., & Fischhoff, B. (1986) · American Journal of Physics · doi:10.1119/1.14447 · Cited by 299 · see citing works
The cognitive basis of model-based reasoning in science
Nersessian, N. J. (2002) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511613517.008 · Cited by 316 · see citing works
Approaches to studying formal and everyday reasoning.
Galotti, K. M. (1989) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.105.3.331 · Cited by 322 · see citing works
Focussing in reasoning and decision making
Legrenzi, P. (1993) · Cognition · doi:10.1016/0010-0277(93)90035-t · Cited by 313 · see citing works
Introduction – Heuristics and Biases: Then and Now
Gilovich, T. D., & Griffin, D. (2002) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511808098.002 · Cited by 305 · see citing works
Mood, reasoning, and central executive processes.
Oaksford, M., Morris, F., Grainger, B., & Williams, J. M. G. (1996) · Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition · doi:10.1037/0278-7393.22.2.476 · Cited by 314 · see citing works
The role of content and abstract information in analogical transfer.
Reeves, L. M., & Weisberg, R. W. (1994) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.115.3.381 · Cited by 296 · see citing works
Reasoning in explanation-based decision making
Pennington, N. (1993) · Cognition · doi:10.1016/0010-0277(93)90038-w · Cited by 293 · see citing works
Adaptive specializations, social exchange, and the evolution of human intelligence
Cosmides, L., Barrett, H. C., & Tooby, J. (2010) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0914623107 · Cited by 291 · see citing works
Norm Theory: Comparing Reality to Its Alternatives
Kahneman, D. J., & Miller, D. T. (2002) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511808098.022 · Cited by 284 · see citing works
Student thought and classroom language: examining the mechanisms of change in dialogic teaching
Reznitskaya, A., & Gregory, M. (2013) · Educational Psychologist · doi:10.1080/00461520.2013.775898 · Cited by 289 · see citing works
Naive theories and causal deduction
Cummins, D. D. (1995) · Memory & Cognition · doi:10.3758/bf03197265 · Cited by 287 · see citing works
Wilson, R. (2001) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511606847 · Cited by 286 · see citing works
The Cognitive Basis of Science
Carruthers, P., Stich, S., & Siegal, M. (2002) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511613517 · Cited by 287 · see citing works
On belief bias in syllogistic reasoning.
Klauer, K. C., Musch, J., & Naumer, B. (2000) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.107.4.852 · Cited by 284 · see citing works
The Situated Nature of Concepts
Yeh, W., & Barsalou, L. W. (2006) · The American Journal of Psychology · doi:10.2307/20445349 · Cited by 278 · see citing works
Teaching the Use of Cost-Benefit Reasoning in Everyday Life
Larrick, R. P., Morgan, J. N., & Nisbett, R. E. (1990) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.1990.tb00243.x · Cited by 275 · see citing works
Stone, V. E., Cosmides, L., Tooby, J., Kroll, N. E. A., & Knight, R. T. (2002) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.122352699 · Cited by 274 · see citing works
Nisbett, R. E., Fong, G. T., Lehman, D. R., & Cheng, P. W. (1987) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.3672116 · Cited by 272 · see citing works
Self-citationInfluence of Oral Discussion on Written Argument
Reznitskaya, A., Anderson, R. C., McNurlen, B., Nguyen-Jahiel, K., Archodidou, A., & Kim, S.-Y. (2001) · Discourse Processes · doi:10.1080/0163853x.2001.9651596 · Cited by 271 · see citing works
Friedrich, J. R. (1993) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.100.2.298 · Cited by 270 · see citing works
Concept Discovery in a Scientific Domain
Dunbar, K. N. (1993) · Cognitive Science · doi:10.1207/s15516709cog1703_3 · Cited by 266 · see citing works
Rational explanation of the selection task.
Oaksford, M., & Nick Chater, A. (1996) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.103.2.381 · Cited by 265 · see citing works
Boundaries of the Mind: The Individual in the Fragile Sciences - Cognition
Wilson, R. A. (2004) · PhilPapers (PhilPapers Foundation) · Cited by 266 · see citing works
Cognitive Ability and Variation in Selection Task Performance
Stanovich, K. E., & West, R. F. (1998) · Thinking & Reasoning · doi:10.1080/135467898394139 · Cited by 249 · see citing works
- Authors
- Cheng, P. W., & Holyoak, K. J.
- Affiliations
- Carnegie Mellon University (US)
- University of Michigan (US)
- Corresponding author
- Cheng, Patricia W
- Venue
- Cognitive Psychology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1985-10
- Volume
- 17
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 391-416
- ISSN
- 0010-0285 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1989930562
- Cited by
- 1,463
- References
- 37
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 26 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 27 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 42 · 2018: 43 · 2017: 21 · 2016: 18 · 2015: 23 · 2014: 30 · 2013: 38 · 2012: 72
- FWCI
- 12.37
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Cognitive Psychology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Deep Blue (University of Michigan) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5k02mh000342-05)
- National Institute of Mental Health (5K02-MH00342-04)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Logic, Reasoning, and Knowledge
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Language and Linguistics › Syntax, Semantics, Linguistic Variation
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Categorization, perception, and language
- Keywords
- deductive reasoning, Wason selection task, conditional reasoning, procedural knowledge, declarative knowledge, modal verbs, knowledge structure
- MeSH terms
- Humans, Linguistics, Logic, Models, Psychological, Problem Solving, Thinking
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review