The DOI matches its Crossref record; 16 of the 17 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
A new method for off-line removal of ocular artifact
Abstract
A new off-line procedure for dealing with ocular artifacts in ERP recording is described. The procedure (EMCP) uses EOG and EEG records for individual trials in an experimental session to estimate a propagation factor which describes the relationship between the EOG and EEG traces. The propagation factor is computed after stimulus-linked variability in both traces has been removed. Different propagation factors are computed for blinks and eye movements. Tests are presented which demonstrate the validity and reliability of the procedure. ERPs derived from trials corrected by EMCP are more similar to a 'true' ERP than are ERPs derived from either uncorrected or randomly corrected trials. The procedure also reduces the difference between ERPs which are based on trials with different degrees of EOG variance. Furthermore, variability at each time point, across trials, is reduced following correction. The propagation factor decreases from frontal to parietal electrodes, and is larger for saccades than blinks. It is more consistent within experimental sessions than between sessions. The major advantage of the procedure is that it permits retention of all trials in an ERP experiment, irrespective of ocular artifact. Thus, studies of populations characterized by a high degree of artifact, and those requiring eye movements as part of the experimental task, are made possible. Furthermore, there is no need to require subjects to restrict eye movement activity. In comparison to procedures suggested by others, EMCP also has the advantage that separate correction factors are computed for blinks and movements and that these factors are based on data from the experimental session itself rather than from a separate calibration session.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“The epochs were corrected for eye-movement artefacts, using the technique described in (Gratton et al., 1983), and any epoch with a signal exceeding a peak-to-peak amplitude of 200 µV for any channel was excluded.”
From Neurophysiological evidence of efference copies to inner speech (2017) · cites this paper as Gratton et al., 1983
In the citing paper
“ERN and CRN standardized residual scores (ERNresid and CRNresid) were calculated based on measuring the variance leftover in a regression equation in which one score is modeled as a predictor of another score, because they may be preferable to subtraction-based difference scores in separating error processing from response monitoring [22, 40].”
From Altered Error Monitoring and Decreased Flanker Task Accuracy in Pediatric Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder (2026) · cites this paper as [40]
In the citing paper
“The ΔERN is correlated both with the ERN and CRN and is therefore not an independent measure of either ERP [40].”
From Altered Error Monitoring and Decreased Flanker Task Accuracy in Pediatric Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder (2026) · cites this paper as [40]
In the citing paper
“Segments with eye movements and blinks were kept and corrected, adopting the standard Gratton and Coles procedure (Gratton et al., 1983).”
From Error and feedback processing in children with ADHD and children with Autistic Spectrum Disorder: An EEG event-related potential study (2008) · cites this paper as Gratton et al., 1983
Citations
Cites
Preparatory states and processes
Underwood, G. (1986) · Applied Ergonomics · doi:10.1016/0003-6870(86)90015-3 · Cited by 462
“P300” and memory: Individual differences in the von Restorff effect
Karis, D., Fabiani, M., & Donchin, E. (1984) · Cognitive Psychology · doi:10.1016/0010-0285(84)90007-0 · Cited by 425
Self-citationAttention, Voluntary Contraction and Event‐Related Cerebral Potentials
Lesser, R. P. (1978) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.28.7.739-a · Cited by 267
Eye movement artifact in the CNV
Hillyard, S. A., & Galambos, R. (1970) · Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1016/0013-4694(70)90185-9 · Cited by 210
Attention, Voluntary Contraction and Event-Related Cerebral Potentials
Desmedt, J. E. (1977) · Dépôt institutionnel de l'Université libre de Bruxelles (Université Libre de Bruxelles) · Cited by 205
Verleger, R., Gasser, T., & Möcks, J. (1982) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1982.tb02509.x · Cited by 193
Mowrer, O. H., Ruch, T. C., & Miller, N. E. (1935) · American Journal of Physiology-Legacy Content · doi:10.1152/ajplegacy.1935.114.2.423 · Cited by 145
Physiology of the Human Eye and Visual System
Carr, R. E. (1980) · American Journal of Ophthalmology · doi:10.1016/0002-9394(80)90140-3 · Cited by 110
Differential Contributions of Blinks and Vertical Eye Movements as Artifacts in EEG Recording
Corby, J. C., & Kopell, B. S. (1972) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1972.tb00776.x · Cited by 106
Variations in Reflex Blink-Rate during Visual-Motor Tasks
Drew, G. C. (1951) · Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology · doi:10.1080/17470215108416776 · Cited by 104
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 401–500 of 1,088
Removal of Muscle Artifacts from EEG Recordings of Spoken Language Production
Vos, M. D., Riès, S., Vanderperren, K., Vanrumste, B., Alario, F. ‐., Huffel, V. S., & Burle, B. (2010) · Neuroinformatics · doi:10.1007/s12021-010-9071-0 · Cited by 142
“Eye movement artifacts were corrected using the statistical method of Gratton et al. (1983) .”
MethodDon't look at me in anger! Enhanced processing of angry faces in anticipation of public speaking
Wieser, M. J., Pauli, P., Reicherts, P., & Mühlberger, A. (2009) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.2009.00938.x · Cited by 143
Beurskens, R., Steinberg, F., Antoniewicz, F., Wolff, W., & Granacher, U. (2016) · Neural Plasticity · doi:10.1155/2016/8032180 · Cited by 142
“An a priori power analysis with an actual power of 0.8 using a repeated-measure ANOVA design (one group, three experimental conditions) yielded a total sample size of 𝑁 = 12 (𝛼 = 0.05; critical 𝐹 = 3.44).”
MethodInfluentialNeurophysiological evidence for abnormal cognitive processing of drug cues in heroin dependence
Franken, I. H. A., Stam, C. J., Hendriks, V. M., & van den Brink, W. (2003) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-003-1542-7 · Cited by 145
“Ocular artifacts were corrected using the Gratton and Coles algorithm (Gratton et al. 1983).”
MethodScholte, H. S., Jolij, J., Fahrenfort, J. J., & Lamme, V. A. F. (2008) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/jocn.2008.20142 · Cited by 141
“Subsequently, trials with a deflection larger than 250 AV were automatically removed, ocular corrected in which the influence of ocular generated EEG was removed with a regression analysis based on two horizontal and two vertical electrooculogram channels ( Gratton, Coles, & Donchin, 1983 ), and artefact rejected.”
MethodReduced neural response to reward and pleasant pictures independently relate to depression
Klawohn, J., Burani, K., Bruchnak, A., Santopetro, N. J., & Hajcak, G. (2020) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291719003659 · Cited by 148
Ford, J. M., Sullivan, E. V., Marsh, L., White, P. M., Lim, K. O., & Adolf Pfefferbaum, A. (1994) · Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1016/0013-4694(94)90093-0 · Cited by 143
Out-of-synch and out-of-sorts: dysfunction of motor-sensory communication in schizophrenia
Ford, J. M., Roach, B. J., Faustman, W. O., & Mathalon, D. H. (2008) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2007.09.013 · Cited by 136
“Following correction for eye movements and blinks using VEOG and HEOG(38), trials containing voltages > ± 100µV in ventral (FC5, FC6) and dorsal (FC3, FC4) frontal-central sites were rejected.”
MethodInfluentialIntention-based and stimulus-based mechanisms in action selection
Waszak, F., Wascher, E., Keller, P., Koch, I., Aschersleben, G., Rosenbaum, D. A., & Prinz, W. (2005) · Experimental Brain Research · doi:10.1007/s00221-004-2183-8 · Cited by 134
“EEG and EOG were amplified and filtered by two off-line re-referenced to linked mastoids and was corrected for eye movements (Gratton et al. 1983) and other artifacts.”
MethodMeyer, A., Hajcak, G., Torpey-Newman, D. C., Kujawa, A., & Klein, D. N. (2015) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/abn0000044 · Cited by 140
Age-related changes in error processing in young children: A school-based investigation
Grammer, J. K., Carrasco, M., Gehring, W. J., & Morrison, F. J. (2014) · Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.dcn.2014.02.001 · Cited by 134
Disturbed resting state eeg synchronization in bipolar disorder: A graph-theoretic analysis
Kim, D.-J., Bolbecker, A. R., Howell, J., Rass, O., Sporns, O., Hetrick, W. P., Breier, A., & O'Donnell, B. F. (2013) · NeuroImage Clinical · doi:10.1016/j.nicl.2013.03.007 · Cited by 141
“While non-invasive measures cannot detect cellular signaling at the level of individual neurons, the electroencephalogram (EEG) and magnetoencephalogram (MEG) can capture the synchronous activity in ensembles of neuronal populations.”
BackgroundMethodPeters, J. C., van den Boomen, C., & Kemner, C. (2017) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2017.00001 · Cited by 140
“Artifacts from horizontal eye movements and blinks were reduced with the algorithm of Gratton et al. (1983).”
MethodWhen does size not matter? Effects of stimulus size on affective modulation.
De Cesarei, A., & Codispoti, M. (2006) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.2006.00392.x · Cited by 173
Anwar, A. R., Muthalib, M., Perrey, S., Galka, A., Granert, O., Wolff, S., Heute, U., Deuschl, G., Raethjen, J., & Muthuraman, M. (2016) · Brain Topography · doi:10.1007/s10548-016-0507-1 · Cited by 140
“The residual gradient artifacts, eye blinks were removed using a regression-based method (Gratton et al. 1983).”
MethodWarren, C. M., Tona, K., Ouwerkerk, L., van Paridon, J., Poletiek, F. H., van Steenbergen, H., Bosch, J. A., & Nieuwenhuis, S. (2018) · Brain stimulation · doi:10.1016/j.brs.2018.12.224 · Cited by 136
Jäger, T., Mecklinger, A., & Kipp, K. H. (2006) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2006.09.013 · Cited by 141
Wiegand, K., & Wascher, E. (2005) · Journal of Experimental Psychology Human Perception & Performance · doi:10.1037/0096-1523.31.3.453 · Cited by 139
Effects of perceptual learning on primary visual cortex activity in humans
Pourtois, G., Rauss, K. S., Vuilleumier, P. O., & Schwartz, S. (2007) · Vision Research · doi:10.1016/j.visres.2007.10.027 · Cited by 138
“Offline data processing included reduction of eye-blinks according to the procedure described by Gratton, Coles, and Donchin 1983; epoching from À50 to +450 ms around stimulus-onset; removal of epochs with EEG or residual EOG exceeding ±70 lV; and baseline correction over 50 ms pre-stimulus.”
Peng, H., Hu, B., Shi, Q., Ratcliffe, M., Zhao, Q., Qi, Y., & Gao, G. (2013) · IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics · doi:10.1109/jbhi.2013.2253614 · Cited by 137
“In recent years, many traditional approaches have been proposed to remove or attenuate such OAs from recorded EEG. Widely used methods for attenuating OAs are mostly based on time-domain [2] or frequency-domain [3] techniques.”
BackgroundFast Modulation of Executive Function by Language Context in Bilinguals
Wu, Y. J., & Thierry, G. (2013) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.4760-12.2013 · Cited by 151
“Eye blinks were mathematically corrected, and remaining artifacts were manually dismissed (Gratton et al., 1983).”
BackgroundDevelopmental differences in learning and error processing: Evidence from ERPs
Eppinger, B., Mock, B., & Kray, J. (2009) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.2009.00838.x · Cited by 145
Electrophysiological correlates of error correction
Fiehler, K., Ullsperger, M., & von Cramon, D. Y. (2005) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.2005.00265.x · Cited by 137
“The single trial EEG signals were corrected for horizontal and vertical EOG artifacts by means of an eye movement correction procedure (Pfeifer, 1993) based on a linear regression method described by Gratton, Coles, and Donchin (1983).”
Croft, R. J., & Barry, R. J. (2000) · Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1016/s1388-2457(99)00296-5 · Cited by 137
“(1) the true EEG (estTEEG) at time point (i) is estimated as the measured EEG (MEEG) minus a proportion (B) of the voltage measured about the eyes (Gratton et al., 1983).”
MethodGarland, E. L., Froeliger, B., & Howard, M. O. (2015) · Journal of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s10865-014-9607-0 · Cited by 136
“01 and 30 Hz and artifact corrected for vertical and horizontal EOG movements using Gratton et al.’s (1983) classical approach.”
Steady state and induced auditory gamma deficits in schizophrenia
Krishnan, G. P., Hetrick, W. P., Brenner, C. A., Shekhar, A., Steffen, A., & O’Donnell, B. F. (2009) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.03.085 · Cited by 135
“Ocular movement artifact correction was applied using Gratton's algorithm (Gratton et al., 1983) implemented by Vision Analyzer software (Brain Products, GMbH).”
MethodAttentional load modifies early activity in human primary visual cortex
Rauss, K. S., Pourtois, G., Vuilleumier, P. O., & Schwartz, S. (2008) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.20636 · Cited by 137
Response inhibition of children with ADHD in the stop-signal task: An event-related potential study
Senderecka, M., Grabowska, A., Szewczyk, J., Gerc, K., & Chmylak, R. (2011) · International Journal of Psychophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2011.05.007 · Cited by 148
“Finally, data were corrected for eye-movement artifacts (Gratton et al., 1983).”
MethodA parametric method of identification of single-trial event-related potentials in the brain
Cerutti, S., Chiarenza, G. A., Liberati, D., Mascellani, P., & Pavesi, G. (1988) · IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering · doi:10.1109/10.7271 · Cited by 136
RETRACTED: Impaired Visual Cortical Plasticity in Schizophrenia
Çavuş, I., Reinhart, R. M. G., Roach, B. J., Gueorguieva, R., Teyler, T. J., Clapp, W. C., Ford, J. M., Krystal, J. H., & Mathalon, D. H. (2012) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2012.01.013 · Cited by 130
“After ocular correction using VEOG/HEOG data (46), epochs were re-referenced to Fz, baseline-corrected using the 100 ms pre-stimulus baseline, and truncated at 250 ms.”
MethodRetractedPutman, P. (2011) · International Journal of Psychophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2011.01.011 · Cited by 133
Trott, C. T., Friedman, D., Ritter, W., & Fabiani, M. (1997) · Neuroreport · doi:10.1097/00001756-199710200-00036 · Cited by 135
Effects of measurement method, wavelength, and source-detector distance on the fast optical signal
Gratton, G., Brumback, C. R., Gordon, B. A., Pearson, M. A., Low, K. A., & Fabiani, M. (2006) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2006.05.030 · Cited by 135
“EOG artifacts were corrected off-line using a procedure described by Gratton et al. (1983).”
MethodSelf-citationHajcak, G., Dunning, J. P., & Foti, D. (2007) · Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.1037/0735-7044.121.6.1156 · Cited by 135
“The EEG was corrected for blinks and eye movements using the method developed by Gratton, Coles, and Donchin (1983).”
MethodFord, J. M., Mathalon, D. H., Kalba, S., Whitfield‐Gabrieli, S., Faustman, W. O., & Roth, W. T. (2001) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(01)01166-0 · Cited by 135
Automatic processing of tones and speech stimuli in children with specific language impairment
Uwer, R., Albrecht, R., & von Suchodoletz, W. (2002) · Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology · doi:10.1017/s001216220100250x · Cited by 134
Developments in Long-Term Explicit Memory Late in the First Year of Life
Bauer, P. J., Wiebe, S. A., Carver, L. J., Waters, J. M., & Nelson, C. A. (2003) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1046/j.0956-7976.2003.psci_1476.x · Cited by 134
Integrating Speech and Iconic Gestures in a Stroop-like Task: Evidence for Automatic Processing
Kelly, S. D., Creigh, P., & Bartolotti, J. (2009) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/jocn.2009.21254 · Cited by 146
Kober, S. E., Witte, M., Stangl, M., Väljamäe, A., Neuper, C., & Wood, G. M. D. O. (2014) · Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.clinph.2014.03.031 · Cited by 134
“Ocular artefacts (eye blinks) were automatically corrected using the algorithm developed by Gratton et al. (1983).”
MethodChen, P., Lin, J., Chen, B., Lu, C., & Guo, T. (2015) · Cortex · doi:10.1016/j.cortex.2015.06.002 · Cited by 143
The effect of early deprivation on executive attention in middle childhood
Loman, M. M., Johnson, A. E., Westerlund, A., Pollak, S. D., Nelson, C. A., & Gunnar, M. R. (2013) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2012.02602.x · Cited by 132
MacNamara, A., Ferri, J., & Hajcak, G. (2011) · Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3758/s13415-011-0036-z · Cited by 134
“Eye blink and ocular corrections were made using the method developed by Gratton, Coles, and Donchin (1983) .”
MethodSwaab, T. Y., Brown, C. M., & Peter Hagoort, A. (1998) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/s0028-3932(97)00174-7 · Cited by 133
A wavelet based de-noising technique for ocular artifact correction of the electroencephalogram
Zikov, T., Bibian, S., Dumont, G. A., Huzmezan, M., & Ries, C. R. (2003) · Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC) · doi:10.1109/iembs.2002.1134407 · Cited by 133
Chronic Psychophysiological Insomnia: Hyperarousal and/or Inhibition Deficits? An ERPs Investigation
Bastien, C., St-Jean, G., Morin, C. M., Turcotte, I., & Carrier, J. (2008) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/31.6.887 · Cited by 132
Martín, R. S., Manes, F. F., Hurtado, E., Isla, P., & Ibáñez, A. M. (2010) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.03.031 · Cited by 138
“All epochs with eye movement contamination were removed from further analysis, using an automatic (Gratton et al., 1983) method for removing eye-blink artifacts and visual procedures.”
MethodHajiHosseini, A., & Holroyd, C. B. (2013) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/psyp.12040 · Cited by 140
Turetsky, B. I., Greenwood, T. A., D, A. O. M., Radant, A. D., BRAFF, D. L., Cadenhead, K. S., Dobie, D. J., Freedman, R., Green, M. F., Gur, R. E., et al. (2008) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2008.06.018 · Cited by 131
“EEG Data Processing Digitized EEG and EOG recordings were bandpass filtered (1–50 Hz, 24 dB/octave) and corrected for eye blink artifacts using an established EOG correction algorithm (42).”
MethodFood cue-elicited brain potentials in obese and healthy-weight individuals
Nijs, I. M. T., Franken, I. H. A., & Muris, P. (2008) · Eating Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.eatbeh.2008.07.009 · Cited by 131
Modification of N170 by different emotional expression of schematic faces
Krombholz, A., Schaefer, F., & Boucsein, W. (2007) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2007.07.004 · Cited by 131
The Importance of Failure: Feedback-Related Negativity Predicts Motor Learning Efficiency
van der Helden, J., Boksem, M. A. S., & Blom, J. H. G. (2009) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhp224 · Cited by 140
“In addition, remaining ocular artifacts were corrected with the Gratton--Coles algorithm (Gratton et al. 1983).”
Arns, M., Peters, S. A. F., Breteler, R., & Verhoeven, L. T. W. (2007) · Journal of Integrative Neuroscience · doi:10.1142/s0219635207001404 · Cited by 131
“[11], it is very unlikely the frontal increased Delta and Theta is due to residual EOG.”
BackgroundMethodNeural Correlates of Reward Processing in Depressed and Healthy Preschool-Age Children
Belden, A. C., Irvin, K., Hajcak, G., Kappenman, E. S., Kelly, D., Karlow, S. L., Luby, J. L., & Barch, D. M. (2016) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2016.09.503 · Cited by 131
“1084 www.jaacap.org The EEG for each trial was corrected for blinks and eye movements using the method developed by Gratton et al.51 Specific intervals for individual channels were rejected in each trial using a semiautomated procedure, with physiological artifacts identified by the following criteria: a voltage step…”
MethodInfluentialEOG correction: A comparison of four methods
Croft, R. J., Chandler, J. S., Barry, R. J., Cooper, N. R., & Clarke, A. R. (2005) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/j.1468-8986.2005.00264.x · Cited by 131
“The purpose of this study was to evaluate four of these correction techniques (Verleger, Gasser, & Mo¨ cks, 1982 [VGM]; Gratton, Coles, & Donchin, 1983 [GCD]; Semlitsch, Presslich, Schuster, & Anderer, 1986 [SPSA]; Croft & Barry, 2000 [CB]).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialBinge Drinking Affects Attentional and Visual Working Memory Processing in Young University Students
Crego, A., Holguı́n, S. R., Parada, M., Mota, N., Corral, M., & Cadaveira, F. (2009) · Alcoholism Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1111/j.1530-0277.2009.01025.x · Cited by 131
“The signal was off-line processed: firstly, the EEG was corrected for ocular artefacts by the procedure developed by Gratton et al. (1983).”
MethodFabiani, M., Low, K. A., Wee, E., Sable, J. J., & Gratton, G. (2006) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/jocn.2006.18.4.637 · Cited by 136
“Eye movement artifacts were corrected off-line ( Gratton, Coles, & Donchin, 1983 ).”
Self-citationNeural Correlates of Children’s Theory of Mind Development
Liu, D. S., Sabbagh, M. A., Gehring, W. J., & Wellman, H. M. (2009) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.2009.01262.x · Cited by 130
“EEG data were then corrected for eye-blink and eye-movement artifacts using the Gratton, Coles, and Donchin (1983) algorithm .”
Altered resting state EEG in chronic pancreatitis patients: toward a marker for chronic pain
de Vries, M., Wilder‐Smith, O. H. G., Jongsma, M. L. A., van den Broeke, E., Arns, M., van Goor, H., & van Rijn, C. M. (2013) · Journal of Pain Research · doi:10.2147/jpr.s50919 · Cited by 130
“EEG data were band-pass filtered (1–120 Hz; phase shift-free Butterworth filters), and corrected for ocular artifacts according to the Gratton and Coles algorithm.(22) Each EEG recording was segmented into 12 epochs of 10 seconds each.”
Emotional targets: Evaluative categorization as a function of context and content
Weinberg, A., Hilgard, J., Bartholow, B. D., & Hajcak, G. (2012) · International Journal of Psychophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2012.01.023 · Cited by 135
“Unpleasant ( M =5.45, SD =.27) and pleasant ( M =5.43, SD =.27) images were matched on arousal and were more emotionally arousing than neutral images ( M =2.98, SD =.21; larger numbers indicate higher arousal).”
InfluentialDecety, J., Meidenbauer, K. L., & Cowell, J. M. (2017) · Developmental Science · doi:10.1111/desc.12570 · Cited by 148
Relationship between CNV and timing of an upcoming event
Pfeuty, M., Ragot, R., & Pouthas, V. (2005) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2005.02.067 · Cited by 130
Event rate and event‐related potentials in ADHD
Wiersema, R., Van Der Meere, J., Roeyers, H., Van, C., & Baeyens, D. (2006) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2005.01592.x · Cited by 129
Kujawa, A., Hajcak, G., Torpey, D., Kim, J., & Klein, D. N. (2012) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2011.02461.x · Cited by 126
“The EEG was corrected for blinks and eye movements using the procedures described by Gratton, Coles, and Donchin (1983).”
MethodRetest reliability of medial frontal negativities during performance monitoring
Segalowitz, S. J., Santesso, D. L., Murphy, T. I., Homan, D., Chantziantoniou, D. K., & Khan, S. (2009) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.2009.00942.x · Cited by 134
Delta and theta oscillations as risk markers in adolescent offspring of alcoholics
Rangaswamy, M., Jones, K. A., Porjesz, B., Chorlian, D. B., Padmanabhapillai, A., Kamarajan, C., Kuperman, S., Rohrbaugh, J., O’Connor, S., Bauer, L. O., et al. (2006) · International Journal of Psychophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2006.10.003 · Cited by 132
Assessing the internal consistency of the event‐related potential: An example analysis
Thigpen, N., Kappenman, E. S., & Keil, A. (2016) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/psyp.12629 · Cited by 129
Effects of aging on slowing of motor-response generation
Falkenstein, M., Yordanova, J., & Kolev, V. (2005) · International Journal of Psychophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2005.08.004 · Cited by 128
Steady state visual evoked potential abnormalities in schizophrenia
Krishnan, G. P., Vohs, J. L., Hetrick, W. P., Carroll, C. A., Shekhar, A., Bockbrader, M. A., & O’Donnell, B. F. (2004) · Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.clinph.2004.09.016 · Cited by 133
“Ocular movement artifact correction was applied using Gratton’s algorithm (Gratton et al., 1983) implemented by Vision Analyzer software (Brain Products, GMbH).”
MethodWhitford, T. J., Mathalon, D. H., Shenton, M. E., Roach, B. J., Bammer, R., Adcock, R. A., Bouix, S., Kubicki, M., De Siebenthal, J., Rausch, A. C., et al. (2011) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291710001376 · Cited by 129
“VEOG and HEOG data were used to correct EEG for eye movements and blinks by using a regressionbased algorithm (Gratton et al. 1983).”
MethodP300 event‐related potential heritability in monozygotic and dizygotic twins
Katsanis, J., Iacono, W. G., McGue, M., & Carlson, S. R. (1997) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1997.tb02415.x · Cited by 129
Smart, C. M., Segalowitz, S. J., Mulligan, B. P., Koudys, J., & Gawryluk, J. R. (2016) · Journal of Alzheimer's Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-150992 · Cited by 123
“The trials with ocular artifacts were corrected based on the Gratton-Coles correction [55] implemented in Brain Vision Analyzer.”
MethodNeural generators of the auditory evoked potential components P3a and P3b
Wronka, E., Kaiser, J., & Coenen, A. M. L. (2012) · Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis · doi:10.55782/ane-2012-1880 · Cited by 129
“Finally, data were corrected for eye-movement artefacts (Gratton et al. 1983).”
MethodThe FN400 is functionally distinct from the N400
Bridger, E. K., Bader, R., Kriukova, O., Unger, K., & Mecklinger, A. (2012) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.07.047 · Cited by 129
“EOG blink and movement artifacts were corrected using the modified linear regression algorithm (Gratton et al., 1983) embedded in the EEProbe software package.”
Neural markers of positive reappraisal and their associations with trait reappraisal and worry.
Moser, J. S., Hartwig, R., Moran, T. P., Jendrusina, A. A., & Kross, E. F. (2014) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0035817 · Cited by 142
Xiao, Z., Wang, J., Zhang, M., Li, H., Tang, Y., Wang, Y., Fan, Q., & Fromson, J. A. (2011) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2010.11.022 · Cited by 127
“Indeed, a small ERN-like component is sometimes evident on correct response trials (Falkenstein et al., 2000; Ford 1999; Gehring and Knight, 2000; Scheffers and Coles, 2000).”
MethodDissociable Brain Mechanisms Underlying the Conscious and Unconscious Control of Behavior
van Gaal, S., Lamme, V. A. F., Fahrenfort, J. J., & Ridderinkhof, K. R. (2011) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/jocn.2010.21431 · Cited by 127
“Eye movement correction was applied on the basis of the horizontal and vertical EOG, using the algorithm of Gratton, Coles, and Donchin (1983).”
The Met-allele of the BDNF Val66Met polymorphism enhances task switching in elderly
Gajewski, P. D., Hengstler, J. G., Golka, K., Falkenstein, M., & Beste, C. (2011) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2011.06.010 · Cited by 128
“Eye movement artifacts were corrected using the correction algorithm of Gratton et al. (1983).”
MethodLocalizing the development of covert attention in infants with scalp event-related potentials.
Richards, J. E. (2000) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037/0012-1649.36.1.91 · Cited by 127
Electrocortical evidence for vigilance‐avoidance in Generalized Anxiety Disorder
Weinberg, A., & Hajcak, G. (2010) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.2010.01149.x · Cited by 133
“Offline, all data were rereferenced to the average of the left and right mastoids, and band-pass filtered with low and high cutoffs of 0.1 and 30 Hz, respectively; eye-blink and ocular corrections were conducted per Gratton, Coles, and Donchin (1983).”
MethodInfluentialA Survey on Denoising Techniques of Electroencephalogram Signals Using Wavelet Transform
Grobbelaar, M. J., Phadikar, S., Ghaderpour, E., Struck, A. F., Sinha, N., Ghosh, R., & Ahmed, M. Z. I. (2022) · Signals · doi:10.3390/signals3030035 · Cited by 127
“Regression-based methods rely on an extra one or more regressive channels, which gives rise to a fundamental weakness in that the spectral range of some artifacts overlaps with the spectral range of an EEG signal [10].”
MethodBurden, M. J., Westerlund, A., Armony-Sivan, R., Nelson, C. A., Jacobson, S. W., Lozoff, B., Angelilli, M. L., & Jacobson, J. L. (2007) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.2006-2525 · Cited by 126
Pouthas, V., Garnero, L., Ferrandez, A., & Renault, B. (2000) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-0193(200006)10:2 · Cited by 127
Analysis of the Electromagnetic Signals of the Human Brain: Milestones, Obstacles, and Goals
Gevins, A. S. (1984) · IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering · doi:10.1109/tbme.1984.325246 · Cited by 127
Intensity and Task Effects on Evoked Physiological Responses to Noise Bursts
Roth, W. T., Dorato, K. H., & Kopell, B. S. (1984) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1984.tb00228.x · Cited by 127
Bress, J. N., Meyer, A., & Hajcak, G. (2013) · Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology · doi:10.1080/15374416.2013.814544 · Cited by 131
Affective modulation of the LPP and α‐ERD during picture viewing
Cesarei, A. D., & Codispoti, M. (2011) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.2011.01204.x · Cited by 126
ERP and behavioral evidence of individual differences in metaphor comprehension
Kazmerski, V. A., Blasko, D. G., & Dessalegn, B. (2003) · Memory & Cognition · doi:10.3758/bf03196107 · Cited by 126
"Where did I go wrong?" A psychophysiological analysis of error detection.
Bernstein, P. S., Scheffers, M. K., & Coles, M. G. H. (1995) · Journal of Experimental Psychology Human Perception & Performance · doi:10.1037//0096-1523.21.6.1312 · Cited by 295
Self-citationROWE, D. L., Robinson, P. A., & RENNIE, C. J. (2004) · Journal of Theoretical Biology · doi:10.1016/j.jtbi.2004.07.004 · Cited by 126
Rapid detection of fear in body expressions, an ERP study
van Heijnsbergen, C. C. R. J., Meeren, H. K. M., Grèzes, J., & de Gelder, B. (2007) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2007.09.093 · Cited by 125
“The data were EOG corrected using the algorithm of Gratton et al. (1983) .”
ERP correlates of attention allocation in mothers processing faces of their children
Grasso, D. J., Moser, J. S., Dozier, M., & Simons, R. F. (2009) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2009.03.001 · Cited by 128
“scaled EOG values from the raw EEG data (Gratton et al., 1993).”
Tuning alpha rhythms to shape conscious visual perception
Gregorio, F. D., Trajkovic, J., Roperti, C., Marcantoni, E., Luzio, P. D., Avenanti, A., Thut, G., & Romei, V. (2022) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2022.01.003 · Cited by 125
Hermens, D. F., Soei, E., Clarke, S. D., Kohn, M. R., Gordon, E., & Williams, L. M. (2005) · Pediatric Neurology · doi:10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2004.11.009 · Cited by 125
Miltner, W. H. R., Trippe, R. H., Krieschel, S., Gutberlet, I., Hecht, H., & Weiß, T. (2005) · International Journal of Psychophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2005.01.012 · Cited by 131
“Correction of vertical eye movements and blinks was performed offline on single trial epochs using the procedure proposed by ( Gratton et al., 1983 ).”
MethodCicchetti, D., & Curtis, W. J. (2005) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579405050315 · Cited by 129
The effects of fear on performance monitoring and attentional allocation
Moser, J. S., Hajcak, G., & Simons, R. F. (2005) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.2005.00290.x · Cited by 136
Internal Consistency of Event-Related Potentials Associated with Cognitive Control: N2/P3 and ERN/Pe
Rietdijk, W. J. R., Franken, I. H. A., & Thurik, R. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0102672 · Cited by 124
“After ocular correction [28], epochs, including an EEG signal exceeding 6100 mV, were excluded from the average [23].”
MethodMacNamara, A., & Hajcak, G. (2010) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.20679 · Cited by 124
“Eye blink and ocular corrections were made using the method developed by Gratton et al.([52]) Noisy data due to technical problems on isolated electrodes necessitated the replacement of data from C4 in one subject and Pz in another subject.”
MethodEffects of aging on the novelty P3 during attend and ignore oddball tasks
Friedman, D., Kazmerski, V. A., & Cycowicz, Y. M. (1998) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1017/s0048577298970664 · Cited by 125
Gratton, G., Fabiani, M., Corballis, P. M., Hood, D. C., Goodman‐Wood, M. R., Hirsch, J., Kim, K., Friedman, D., & Gratton, E. (1997) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1006/nimg.1997.0298 · Cited by 125
“The electrophysiological recordings included bipolar vertical and horizontal EOG derivations (from above and below the right eye, respectively, and from locations 2 cm external to the outer canthi of each eye) that were used for off-line correction of the ocular artifact (Gratton et al., 1983).”
MethodSelf-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Gratton, G., Coles, M. G. H., & Donchin, E.
- Affiliations
- University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign (US)
- ORCID
- Gratton, Gabriele
- Venue
- Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1983-04
- Volume
- 55
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 468-484
- ISSN
- 0013-4694 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2114512489
- Cited by
- 5,055
- References
- 17
- Citations by year
- 2026: 89 · 2025: 127 · 2024: 154 · 2023: 139 · 2022: 177 · 2021: 178 · 2020: 223 · 2019: 213 · 2018: 235 · 2017: 253 · 2016: 267 · 2015: 263 · 2014: 283 · 2013: 301 · 2012: 276
- FWCI
- 5.25
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Digital Commons - University of South Florida (University of South Florida) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Human-Computer Interaction › Gaze Tracking and Assistive Technology
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural dynamics and brain function
- Keywords
- ocular artifact removal, event-related potentials, saccades, eye movements, trial retention
- MeSH terms
- Blinking, Electroencephalography, Electrooculography, Evoked Potentials, Humans, Mathematics
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
