The DOI matches its Crossref record; 16 of the 17 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
A new method for off-line removal of ocular artifact
Abstract
A new off-line procedure for dealing with ocular artifacts in ERP recording is described. The procedure (EMCP) uses EOG and EEG records for individual trials in an experimental session to estimate a propagation factor which describes the relationship between the EOG and EEG traces. The propagation factor is computed after stimulus-linked variability in both traces has been removed. Different propagation factors are computed for blinks and eye movements. Tests are presented which demonstrate the validity and reliability of the procedure. ERPs derived from trials corrected by EMCP are more similar to a 'true' ERP than are ERPs derived from either uncorrected or randomly corrected trials. The procedure also reduces the difference between ERPs which are based on trials with different degrees of EOG variance. Furthermore, variability at each time point, across trials, is reduced following correction. The propagation factor decreases from frontal to parietal electrodes, and is larger for saccades than blinks. It is more consistent within experimental sessions than between sessions. The major advantage of the procedure is that it permits retention of all trials in an ERP experiment, irrespective of ocular artifact. Thus, studies of populations characterized by a high degree of artifact, and those requiring eye movements as part of the experimental task, are made possible. Furthermore, there is no need to require subjects to restrict eye movement activity. In comparison to procedures suggested by others, EMCP also has the advantage that separate correction factors are computed for blinks and movements and that these factors are based on data from the experimental session itself rather than from a separate calibration session.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“The epochs were corrected for eye-movement artefacts, using the technique described in (Gratton et al., 1983), and any epoch with a signal exceeding a peak-to-peak amplitude of 200 µV for any channel was excluded.”
From Neurophysiological evidence of efference copies to inner speech (2017) · cites this paper as Gratton et al., 1983
In the citing paper
“ERN and CRN standardized residual scores (ERNresid and CRNresid) were calculated based on measuring the variance leftover in a regression equation in which one score is modeled as a predictor of another score, because they may be preferable to subtraction-based difference scores in separating error processing from response monitoring [22, 40].”
From Altered Error Monitoring and Decreased Flanker Task Accuracy in Pediatric Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder (2026) · cites this paper as [40]
In the citing paper
“The ΔERN is correlated both with the ERN and CRN and is therefore not an independent measure of either ERP [40].”
From Altered Error Monitoring and Decreased Flanker Task Accuracy in Pediatric Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder (2026) · cites this paper as [40]
In the citing paper
“Segments with eye movements and blinks were kept and corrected, adopting the standard Gratton and Coles procedure (Gratton et al., 1983).”
From Error and feedback processing in children with ADHD and children with Autistic Spectrum Disorder: An EEG event-related potential study (2008) · cites this paper as Gratton et al., 1983
Citations
Cites
Preparatory states and processes
Underwood, G. (1986) · Applied Ergonomics · doi:10.1016/0003-6870(86)90015-3 · Cited by 462
“P300” and memory: Individual differences in the von Restorff effect
Karis, D., Fabiani, M., & Donchin, E. (1984) · Cognitive Psychology · doi:10.1016/0010-0285(84)90007-0 · Cited by 425
Self-citationAttention, Voluntary Contraction and Event‐Related Cerebral Potentials
Lesser, R. P. (1978) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.28.7.739-a · Cited by 267
Eye movement artifact in the CNV
Hillyard, S. A., & Galambos, R. (1970) · Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1016/0013-4694(70)90185-9 · Cited by 210
Attention, Voluntary Contraction and Event-Related Cerebral Potentials
Desmedt, J. E. (1977) · Dépôt institutionnel de l'Université libre de Bruxelles (Université Libre de Bruxelles) · Cited by 205
Verleger, R., Gasser, T., & Möcks, J. (1982) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1982.tb02509.x · Cited by 193
Mowrer, O. H., Ruch, T. C., & Miller, N. E. (1935) · American Journal of Physiology-Legacy Content · doi:10.1152/ajplegacy.1935.114.2.423 · Cited by 145
Physiology of the Human Eye and Visual System
Carr, R. E. (1980) · American Journal of Ophthalmology · doi:10.1016/0002-9394(80)90140-3 · Cited by 110
Differential Contributions of Blinks and Vertical Eye Movements as Artifacts in EEG Recording
Corby, J. C., & Kopell, B. S. (1972) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1972.tb00776.x · Cited by 106
Variations in Reflex Blink-Rate during Visual-Motor Tasks
Drew, G. C. (1951) · Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology · doi:10.1080/17470215108416776 · Cited by 104
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 601–700 of 1,088
A neural substrate for atypical low-level visual processing in autism spectrum disorder
Vandenbroucke, M. W. G., Scholte, H. S., van Engeland, H., Lamme, V. A. F., & Kemner, C. (2008) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awm321 · Cited by 107
Error awareness as evidence accumulation: effects of speed-accuracy trade-off on error signaling
Steinhauser, M., & Yeung, N. (2012) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2012.00240 · Cited by 96
“Second, ocular artifacts were corrected by an eye movement correction procedure (Automatic Artifact Removal Version 1.3, http://kasku.org/aar/) based on a linear regression approach (Gratton et al., 1983).”
MethodInfluentialPicture Superiority Doubly Dissociates the ERP Correlates of Recollection and Familiarity
Curran, T., & Doyle, J. (2010) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/jocn.2010.21464 · Cited by 109
“Eye movements were corrected using an ocular artifact detection algorithm (Gratton, Coles, & Donchin, 1983 ).”
MethodBreakspear, M. J., Williams, L. M., & Stam, C. J. (2003) · Journal of Computational Neuroscience · doi:10.1023/b:jcns.0000004841.66897.7d · Cited by 107
“Artifacts caused by eye movement were corrected offline according to the method of Gratton et al. (1983).”
MethodCortical event-related potentials in preclinical familial Alzheimer disease
Golob, E. J., Ringman, J. M., Irimajiri, R., Bright, S., Schaffer, B., Medina, L. D., & Starr, A. (2009) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.0b013e3181c1de77 · Cited by 112
Krumbholz, K., Hewson-Stoate, N., & Schönwiesner, M. (2006) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.00560.2006 · Cited by 107
“The raw data were corrected for ocular artifacts using the Gratton et al. (1983) procedure as implemented in the BrainVision Analyser software (Brain Products) and re-referenced to the average of all 61 channels.”
MethodERP and behavioral changes during the wake/sleep transition
Harsh, J., Voss, U., Hull, J. S., SCHREPFER, S., & Badia, P. (1994) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1994.tb02213.x · Cited by 107
Effect of beta and gamma neurofeedback on memory and intelligence in the elderly
Staufenbiel, S. M., Brouwer, A.-M., Keizer, A. W., & van Wouwe, N. C. (2013) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2013.05.020 · Cited by 106
Neural evidence for enhanced attention to mistakes among school-aged children with a growth mindset
Schroder, H. S., Fisher, M. E., Lin, Y., Lo, S. L., Danovitch, J. H., & Moser, J. S. (2017) · Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.dcn.2017.01.004 · Cited by 135
Mindset induction effects on cognitive control: A neurobehavioral investigation
Schroder, H. S., Moran, T. P., Donnellan, M. B., & Moser, J. S. (2014) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2014.08.004 · Cited by 126
“Ocular artifacts were corrected using the ethod developed by Gratton, Coles, and Donchin (1983).”
MethodEvent-related components of the punishment and reward sensitivity
Pascalis, V. D., Varriale, V., & D’Antuono, L. (2009) · Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.clinph.2009.10.004 · Cited by 115
Bruder, G. E., Towey, J. P., Stewart, J. W., Friedman, D., Tenke, C. E., & Quitkin, F. M. (1991) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/0006-3223(91)90108-x · Cited by 106
Second Language Feedback Abolishes the “Hot Hand” Effect during Even-Probability Gambling
Gao, S., Zika, O., Rogers, R. D., & Thierry, G. (2015) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.3622-14.2015 · Cited by 138
“Eye blinks were mathematically corrected, and remaining artifacts were manually dismissed (Gratton et al., 1983).”
BackgroundElectrocortical reactivity to emotional images and faces in middle childhood to early adolescence
Kujawa, A., Klein, D. N., & Hajcak, G. (2012) · Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.dcn.2012.03.005 · Cited by 105
McLoughlin, G., Albrecht, B., Banaschewski, T., Rothenberger, A., Brandeis, D., Asherson, P. J., & Kuntsi, J. (2010) · Behavioral and Brain Functions · doi:10.1186/1744-9081-6-66 · Cited by 109
Timing Matters: The Impact of Immediate and Delayed Feedback on Artificial Language Learning
Opitz, B., Ferdinand, N. K., & Mecklinger, A. (2011) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2011.00008 · Cited by 106
“These recording epochs were corrected using a linear regression approach (Gratton et al., 1983).”
Boucher, O., Burden, M. J., Muckle, G., Saint‐Amour, D., Ayotte, P., Dewailly, É., Nelson, C. A., Jacobson, S. W., & Jacobson, J. L. (2011) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp.1103828 · Cited by 110
Buyck, I., & Wiersema, J. R. (2014) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2013.12.055 · Cited by 114
“Coles algorithm (Gratton et al., 1983).”
Crego, A., Holguı́n, S. R., Parada, M., Mota, N., Corral, M., & Cadaveira, F. (2010) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2009.11.020 · Cited by 105
Emotional picture processing in children: An ERP study
Solomon, B., DeCicco, J. M., & Dennis, T. A. (2011) · Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.dcn.2011.04.002 · Cited by 119
“EEG was corrected for blinks and artifacts using the method developed by Gratton et al. (1983).”
Angelidis, A., Hagenaars, M. A., Son, D. V., van der Does, W. A. J., & Putman, P. (2018) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2018.03.002 · Cited by 104
His or mine? The time course of self–other discrimination in emotion processing
Herbert, C., Herbert, B. M., Ethofer, T., & Pauli, P. (2010) · Social Neuroscience · doi:10.1080/17470919.2010.523543 · Cited by 109
“01 to 30 Hz and corrected for eye-movement artifacts (Gratton, Coles, & Donchin, 1983 ).”
Hierarchical error processing: Different errors, different systems
Krigolson, O. E., & Holroyd, C. B. (2007) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2007.04.024 · Cited by 108
“Ocular artefacts were removed using the algorithm described by Gratton et al. (1983).”
MethodSalisbury, D. F., Collins, K., & McCarley, R. W. (2009) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/sbp003 · Cited by 105
Detection and description of non-linear interdependence in normal multichannel human EEG data
Breakspear, M. J., & Terry, J. R. (2002) · Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1016/s1388-2457(02)00051-2 · Cited by 104
Burkhouse, K. L., Kujawa, A., Kennedy, A. E., Shankman, S. A., Langenecker, S. A., Phan, K. L., & Klumpp, H. (2016) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.22482 · Cited by 108
“Eyeblinks were corrected using the method by Gratton et al.[36] and semiautomated artifact rejection procedures removed artifacts with the following criteria: voltage step of more than 50 μV between sample points, a voltage difference of 300 μV within a trial, and a maximum voltage difference of less than 0.5 μV withi…”
MethodInfluentialEffects of aging and job demands on cognitive flexibility assessed by task switching
Gajewski, P. D., Wild–Wall, N., Schapkin, S. A., Erdmann, U., Freude, G., & Falkenstein, M. (2010) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2010.06.009 · Cited by 109
Sex differences in adolescent ADHD: findings from concurrent EEG and EDA
Hermens, D. F., Kohn, M. R., Clarke, S. D., Gordon, E., & Williams, L. M. (2005) · Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.clinph.2005.02.012 · Cited by 105
Lehmann, M., Schreiner, T., Seifritz, E., & Rasch, B. (2016) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep39229 · Cited by 111
Flor, H., Knost, B., & Birbaumer, N. (1997) · Pain · doi:10.1016/s0304-3959(97)00137-1 · Cited by 104
“EOG artifact was corrected using an algorithm adapted from Gratton et al. (1983).”
MethodLópez‐Caneda, E., Cadaveira, F., Crego, A., Gómez‐Suárez, A., Corral, M., Parada, M., Caamaño‐Isorna, F., & Holguı́n, S. R. (2012) · Addiction · doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.2012.03908.x · Cited by 114
“The EEG was corrected for ocular artefacts [51], filtered digitally with a 0.”
MethodInzlicht, M., & Al‐Khindi, T. (2012) · Journal of Experimental Psychology General · doi:10.1037/a0027586 · Cited by 107
Ragot, R., Pfeuty, M., & Pouthas, V. (2003) · Experimental Brain Research · doi:10.1007/s00221-003-1505-6 · Cited by 103
“EEG signals were automatically corrected for ocular artifacts using an off-line digital method (Gratton et al. 1983).”
MethodImpact of top-down control during mental fatigue
Lorist, M. M. (2008) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2008.07.053 · Cited by 114
Sensitivity to punishment and reward omission: Evidence from error-related ERP components
Boksem, M. A. S., Tops, M., Kostermans, E., & Cremer, D. D. (2008) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2008.04.010 · Cited by 110
“movement artefacts were corrected, using the Gratton et al. (1983) method.”
Ghandeharion, H., & Erfanian, A. (2010) · Medical Engineering & Physics · doi:10.1016/j.medengphy.2010.04.010 · Cited by 103
“Several methods based on regression in the time domain [1] or frequency domain [2] have been proposed for removing ocu-”
MethodTops, M., Boksem, M. A. S., Wester, A. E., Lorist, M. M., & Meijman, T. F. (2006) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2006.04.001 · Cited by 109
“Out of range artefacts were rejected and eye movement artefacts were corrected, using the Gratton, Coles and Donchin method (Gratton et al., 1983).”
Modeling nonlinear relationships in ERP data using mixed‐effects regression with R examples
Tremblay, A., & Newman, A. J. (2014) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/psyp.12299 · Cited by 101
“Rnw file used to write it, and the R code used to generate all of the analyses, tables, and figures presented in this paper are available in package nlEEG. The package is available as supplementary material or from http://hdl.handle.net/10222/22146.4 The paper also has a second set of supplementary material entitled W…”
MethodInfluentialFoti, D., & Hajcak, G. (2012) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.2011.01343.x · Cited by 109
Olvet, D. M., & Hajcak, G. (2009) · Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3758/cabn.9.4.427 · Cited by 100
“The EEG was corrected for blinks and eye movements, using the method developed by Gratton, Coles, and Donchin (1983) .”
MethodProcessing polarity: ERP evidence for differences between positive and negative polarity
Yurchenko, A., den Ouden, D., Hoeksema, J., Dragoy, O., Hoeks, J. C. J., & Stowe, L. A. (2012) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2012.10.028 · Cited by 102
Mierau, A., Hülsdünker, T., & Strüder, H. K. (2015) · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2015.00272 · Cited by 100
Betrouni, N., Delval, A., Chaton, L., Defebvre, L., Duits, A., Moonen, A. J. H., Leentjens, A. F. G., & Dujardin, K. (2018) · Movement Disorders · doi:10.1002/mds.27528 · Cited by 108
“Ocular artefacts were corrected by the Gratton and Coles method.(16) Then a 50-Hz filter was applied to remove the residual noise.”
MethodSex differences in human EEG theta oscillations during spatial navigation in virtual reality
Kober, S. E., & Neuper, C. (2010) · International Journal of Psychophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2010.12.002 · Cited by 105
Temporal Dynamics of Cognitive–Emotional Interplay in Moral Decision-making
Sarlo, M., Lotto, L., Manfrinati, A., Rumiati, R., Gallicchio, G., & Palomba, D. (2011) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/jocn_a_00146 · Cited by 104
“EEG data were corrected for eye blinks and vertical and horizontal eye movements using a regressionbased correction algorithm (eye movement correction procedure; Gratton, Coles, & Donchin, 1983 ).”
MethodAge differences in task switching and response monitoring: Evidence from ERPs
Eppinger, B., Kray, J., Mecklinger, A., & John, O. P. (2007) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2006.12.001 · Cited by 105
Gender differences in gating of the auditory evoked potential in normal subjects
Hetrick, W. P., Sandman, C. A., Bunney, W. E., Jin, Y., Potkin, S. G., & White, M. H. (1996) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/0006-3223(95)00067-4 · Cited by 102
On ERPs detection in disorders of consciousness rehabilitation
Risetti, M., Formisano, R., Toppi, J., Quitadamo, L. R., Bianchi, L., Laura Astolfi, A., Febo Cincotti, A., & Donatella Mattia, A. (2013) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2013.00775 · Cited by 101
Anderer, P., Semlitsch, H. V., Saletu, B., & Barbanoj, M. J. (1992) · Psychiatry Research Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/0925-4927(92)90002-l · Cited by 102
Groom, M. J., Scerif, G., Liddle, P. F., Batty, M. J., Liddle, E. B., Roberts, K. L., Cahill, J. D., Liotti, M., & Hollis, C. (2010) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2009.09.029 · Cited by 101
Santesso, D. L., Dzyundzyak, A., & Segalowitz, S. J. (2011) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.2011.01229.x · Cited by 107
Neural processing around 200 ms after stimulus-onset correlates with subjective visual awareness
Koivisto, M., & Grassini, S. (2016) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2016.02.024 · Cited by 113
Son, D. V., de Rover, M., Blasio, F. M. D., van der Does, W. A. J., Barry, R. J., & Putman, P. (2019) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/nyas.14180 · Cited by 107
Gomarus, H. K., Althaus, M., Wijers, A. A., & Minderaa, R. B. (2006) · Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.clinph.2005.12.008 · Cited by 101
“The remaining epochs containing eye movements were corrected using the regression procedure of Gratton (Gratton et al., 1983).”
MethodTorpey, D. C., Hajcak, G., Kim, J., Kujawa, A., & Klein, D. N. (2011) · Developmental Psychobiology · doi:10.1002/dev.20590 · Cited by 99
“ERP data were corrected for blinks and eye-movements using the method developed by Gratton, Coles, and Donchin (1983).”
MethodDecomposing unpleasantness: Differential exogenous attention to disgusting and fearful stimuli
Carretié, L., Ruiz‐Padial, E., López‐Martín, S., & Albert, J. (2010) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2010.12.005 · Cited by 101
Accessory Stimulus Effects on Response Selection: Does Arousal Speed Decision Making?
Hackley, S. A., & Valle‐Inclán, F. (1999) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/089892999563427 · Cited by 101
“Ocular and eyeblink contamination was removed from the EEG recordings using the method of Gratton, Coles, and Donchin (1983).”
MethodFlumeri, G. D., Crescenzio, F. D., Berberian, B., Ohneiser, O., Kramer, J., Aricò, P., Borghini, G., Babiloni, F., Bagassi, S., & Piastra, S. (2019) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2019.00296 · Cited by 101
Brown, A., Bradley, S. J., Marshall, F. H., Brown, G. A., Bennett, K. A., Brown, J. D., Cansfield, J. E., Cross, D. M., de Graaf, C., Hudson, B. D., et al. (2021) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2021.11.001 · Cited by 101
Sex differences in adult ADHD: a double dissociation in brain activity and autonomic arousal
Hermens, D. F., Williams, L. M., Lazzaro, I., Whitmont, S., Melkonian, D. S., & Gordon, E. (2004) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2003.10.006 · Cited by 100
Steady-state visual evoked potentials reveal frontally-mediated working memory activity in humans
Perlstein, W. M., Cole, M., Larson, M. J., Kelly, K. G., Seignourel, P. J., & Keil, A. (2003) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/s0304-3940(03)00226-x · Cited by 101
Using auditory event-related EEG potentials to assess presence in virtual reality
Kober, S. E., & Neuper, C. (2012) · International Journal of Human-Computer Studies · doi:10.1016/j.ijhcs.2012.03.004 · Cited by 100
Predictors of successful self control during brain-computer communication
Neumann, N. (2003) · Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp.74.8.1117 · Cited by 103
Affective picture modulation: Valence, arousal, attention allocation and motivational significance
Leite, J., Carvalho, S., Galdo‐Álvarez, S., Alves, J., Sampaio, A., & Gonçalves, Ó. F. (2012) · International Journal of Psychophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2011.12.005 · Cited by 103
“After signal storage, ocular artefacts were corrected off-line using the algorithm Gratton et al. (1983).”
MethodSex differences in error-related performance monitoring
Larson, M. J., South, M., & Clayson, P. E. (2010) · Neuroreport · doi:10.1097/wnr.0b013e3283427403 · Cited by 100
The modulation of the Ne-like wave on correct responses foreshadows errors
Allain, S., Carbonnell, L., Falkenstein, M., Burle, B., & Vidal, F. (2004) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2004.09.036 · Cited by 99
An ERP study of the processing of subject and object relative clauses in Japanese
Ueno, M., & Garnsey, S. M. (2008) · Language and Cognitive Processes · doi:10.1080/01690960701653501 · Cited by 99
Plamberger, C., Klimesch, W., Doppelmayr, M. M., Zauner, A., & Kerschbaum, H. (2014) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2014.06.034 · Cited by 103
Nieman, D. H., Ruhrmann, S., Dragt, S., Soen, F., van Tricht, M. J., Koelman, J. H. T. M., Bour, L. J., Velthorst, E., Becker, H. E., Weiser, M., et al. (2013) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/sbt145 · Cited by 103
Cortical Correlates of Human Balance Control
Mierau, A., Pester, B., Hülsdünker, T., Schiecke, K., Strüder, H. K., & Witte, H. (2017) · Brain Topography · doi:10.1007/s10548-017-0567-x · Cited by 99
“For connectivity analyses data were re-referenced to the common average reference and ocular artifacts were corrected using the Gratton and Coles ocular correction algorithm (Gratton et al. 1983) implemented in the Brain Vision Analyzer 2 software (Brain Products, Gilching, Germany).”
MethodJaworska, N., de la Salle, S., Ibrahim, M. H., Blier, P., & Knott, V. (2019) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00768 · Cited by 106
“Ocular-corrected [Gratton & Coles method; (51)] epochs were excluded if voltages exceeded ± 75 µ V.”
MethodKlawohn, J., Meyer, A., Weinberg, A., & Hajcak, G. (2019) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/abn0000458 · Cited by 99
“Ocular artifacts were corrected using the algorithm by Gratton, Coles, and Donchin (1983), employing the horizontal and vertical eye channels.”
MethodA disturbance of nonlinear interdependence in scalp EEG of subjects with first episode schizophrenia
Breakspear, M. J., Terry, J. R., Friston, K. J., Harris, A. W. F., Williams, L. M., Brown, K. J., Brennan, J., & Gordon, E. (2003) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/s1053-8119(03)00332-x · Cited by 99
“Artifacts caused by eye movement were corrected offline according to the method of Gratton et al., (1983) .”
MethodDepression as a dynamical disease
Pézard, L., Nandrino, J., Renault, B., Massioui, F. E., Allilaire, J., Müller, J., Varela, F. J., & Martinerie, J. M. (1996) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/0006-3223(95)00307-x · Cited by 99
Larson, M. J., & Clayson, P. E. (2010) · Cognitive Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3758/s13415-010-0018-6 · Cited by 106
“Eye movement and blink artifacts were corrected using the algorithm described by Gratton, Coles, and Donchin (1983).”
Baker, T. E., & Holroyd, C. B. (2008) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhn223 · Cited by 100
Age-related changes in source memory retrieval: an ERP replication and extension
Wegesin, D. J., Friedman, D., Varughese, N., & Stern, Y. (2002) · Cognitive Brain Research · doi:10.1016/s0926-6410(01)00126-4 · Cited by 100
Salehinejad, M. A., Ghanavati, E., Reinders, J., Hengstler, J. G., Kuo, M.-F., & Nitsche, M. A. (2022) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.69308 · Cited by 94
Kaufmann, T., Völker, S., Gunesch, L., & Kübler, A. (2012) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2012.00072 · Cited by 98
Yao, Z., Yu, D., Wang, L., Zhu, X., Guo, J., & Wang, Z. (2016) · International Journal of Psychophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2016.07.499 · Cited by 97
The effects of flight complexity on gaze entropy: An experimental study with fighter pilots
Díaz-Piedra, C., Rieiro, H., Cherino, A., Fuentes, L. J., Catena, A., & Stasi, L. L. D. (2019) · Applied Ergonomics · doi:10.1016/j.apergo.2019.01.012 · Cited by 104
Stimulus-Induced Changes in 1/ f -like Background Activity in EEG
Gyurkovics, M., Clements, G. M., Low, K. A., Fabiani, M., & Gratton, G. (2022) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0414-22.2022 · Cited by 98
Self-citationDelayed peak latency of the mismatch negativity in schizophrenics and alcoholics
Kathmann, N., Wagner, M., Rendtorff, N., & Engel, R. R. (1995) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/0006-3223(94)00309-q · Cited by 98
Horowitz‐Kraus, T., & Breznitz, Z. (2009) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0007141 · Cited by 105
“The EEG was corrected for horizontal and vertical eye movements using Gratton, Coles and Donchin’s algorithm [56] as implemented in the Vision Analyzer (version 1.”
MethodLubbe, R. H. J. V. D., Neggers, S. F. W., Verleger, R., & Kenemans, J. L. (2006) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2005.11.087 · Cited by 98
“Ocular correction of the EEG was carried out to correct for the contribution of below-threshold eye movements by employing the method of Gratton et al. (1983).”
Curtis, W. J., & Cicchetti, D. (2011) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579411000125 · Cited by 102
“A software algorithm based on procedures described by Gratton, Coles, and Donchin (1983) was applied to correct for the influence of eye movement or blinks on the EEG, where data were adjusted for their regression on EOG for vertical and horizontal movements separately.”
MethodGroom, M. J., Cahill, J. D., Bates, A. T., Jackson, G. M., Calton, T. G., Liddle, P. F., & Hollis, C. P. (2009) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2009.02128.x · Cited by 99
Jens Blechert, A., Sheppes, G., Tella, C. D., Williams, H., & Gross, J. J. (2012) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/0956797612438559 · Cited by 98
“EEG data were first corrected for eye-blink artifacts using the procedure developed by Gratton, Coles, and Donchin (1983).”
MethodThe role of the anterior cingulate cortex in emotional response inhibition
Albert, J., López‐Martín, S., Tapia, M., Montoya, D. A. C., & Carretié, L. (2011) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.21347 · Cited by 106
Abnormal neural sensitivity to monetary gains versus losses among adolescents at risk for depression
Foti, D., Kotov, R., Klein, D. N., & Hajcak, G. (2011) · Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology · doi:10.1007/s10802-011-9503-9 · Cited by 96
Color and context: An ERP study on intrinsic and extrinsic feature binding in episodic memory
Ecker, U. K. H., Zimmer, H. D., & Groh‐Bordin, C. (2007) · Memory & Cognition · doi:10.3758/bf03193618 · Cited by 97
“EOG artifacts were then corrected offline ( Gratton, Coles, & Donchin, 1983 ).”
MethodUnconscious effects of grammatical gender during object categorisation
Boutonnet, B., Athanasopoulos, P., & Thierry, G. (2012) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2012.08.044 · Cited by 104
“The algorithm is derived from the method advocated by Gratton et al. (1983).”
MethodHerbert, C., & Kübler, A. (2011) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0025574 · Cited by 97
Kujawa, A., Hajcak, G., & Klein, D. N. (2018) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/jcpp.12944 · Cited by 97
Phadikar, S., Sinha, N., & Ghosh, R. (2020) · IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics · doi:10.1109/jbhi.2020.2995235 · Cited by 101
“All time or frequency based regression methods depend on having extra one or more regressing channel and suffer from a fundamental weakness that the range of eyeblink activity and EEG signal is bidirectional [7].”
BackgroundAuditory Event-Related Potentials (ERPs) in Audiovisual Speech Perception
Pilling, M. (2009) · Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research · doi:10.1044/1092-4388(2009/07-0276 · Cited by 103
Groh‐Bordin, C., Zimmer, H. D., & Ecker, U. K. H. (2006) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2006.04.215 · Cited by 97
“Vertical and horizontal ocular artifacts were monitored and corrected off-line (Gratton et al., 1983).”
Grunwald, M., Weiß, T., Mueller, S. M., & Rall, L. (2014) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2014.02.002 · Cited by 100
“We used an ocular artefact correction (Gratton et al., 1983) and an automatic artefact rejection with an amplitude criterion of 780 μV.”
Littel, M., & Franken, I. H. A. (2007) · Journal of Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1177/0269881107078494 · Cited by 98
“Gratton and Coles algorithm (Gratton et al., 1983) was used for correction of vertical and horizontal eye movements, and eye blinks.”
MethodMind Perception: Real but Not Artificial Faces Sustain Neural Activity beyond the N170/VPP
Wheatley, T. P., Weinberg, A., Looser, C. E., Moran, T. P., & Hajcak, G. (2011) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0017960 · Cited by 97
“Continuous EEG was recorded using a custom cap (Cortech Solutions, Wilmington, N.C., USA) and the ActiveTwoBioSemi system (BioSemi, Amsterdam, Netherlands). The signal was preamplified at the electrode with a gain of 16x; the EEG was digitized at 64-bit resolution with a sampling rate of 512 Hz using a low-pass fifth-…”
Influential
Metadata
- Authors
- Gratton, G., Coles, M. G. H., & Donchin, E.
- Affiliations
- University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign (US)
- ORCID
- Gratton, Gabriele
- Venue
- Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1983-04
- Volume
- 55
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 468-484
- ISSN
- 0013-4694 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2114512489
- Cited by
- 5,055
- References
- 17
- Citations by year
- 2026: 89 · 2025: 127 · 2024: 154 · 2023: 139 · 2022: 177 · 2021: 178 · 2020: 223 · 2019: 213 · 2018: 235 · 2017: 253 · 2016: 267 · 2015: 263 · 2014: 283 · 2013: 301 · 2012: 276
- FWCI
- 5.25
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Digital Commons - University of South Florida (University of South Florida) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Human-Computer Interaction › Gaze Tracking and Assistive Technology
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural dynamics and brain function
- Keywords
- ocular artifact removal, event-related potentials, saccades, eye movements, trial retention
- MeSH terms
- Blinking, Electroencephalography, Electrooculography, Evoked Potentials, Humans, Mathematics
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
