The DOI matches its Crossref record; 16 of the 17 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
A new method for off-line removal of ocular artifact
Abstract
A new off-line procedure for dealing with ocular artifacts in ERP recording is described. The procedure (EMCP) uses EOG and EEG records for individual trials in an experimental session to estimate a propagation factor which describes the relationship between the EOG and EEG traces. The propagation factor is computed after stimulus-linked variability in both traces has been removed. Different propagation factors are computed for blinks and eye movements. Tests are presented which demonstrate the validity and reliability of the procedure. ERPs derived from trials corrected by EMCP are more similar to a 'true' ERP than are ERPs derived from either uncorrected or randomly corrected trials. The procedure also reduces the difference between ERPs which are based on trials with different degrees of EOG variance. Furthermore, variability at each time point, across trials, is reduced following correction. The propagation factor decreases from frontal to parietal electrodes, and is larger for saccades than blinks. It is more consistent within experimental sessions than between sessions. The major advantage of the procedure is that it permits retention of all trials in an ERP experiment, irrespective of ocular artifact. Thus, studies of populations characterized by a high degree of artifact, and those requiring eye movements as part of the experimental task, are made possible. Furthermore, there is no need to require subjects to restrict eye movement activity. In comparison to procedures suggested by others, EMCP also has the advantage that separate correction factors are computed for blinks and movements and that these factors are based on data from the experimental session itself rather than from a separate calibration session.
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In the citing paper
“The epochs were corrected for eye-movement artefacts, using the technique described in (Gratton et al., 1983), and any epoch with a signal exceeding a peak-to-peak amplitude of 200 µV for any channel was excluded.”
From Neurophysiological evidence of efference copies to inner speech (2017) · cites this paper as Gratton et al., 1983
In the citing paper
“ERN and CRN standardized residual scores (ERNresid and CRNresid) were calculated based on measuring the variance leftover in a regression equation in which one score is modeled as a predictor of another score, because they may be preferable to subtraction-based difference scores in separating error processing from response monitoring [22, 40].”
From Altered Error Monitoring and Decreased Flanker Task Accuracy in Pediatric Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder (2026) · cites this paper as [40]
In the citing paper
“The ΔERN is correlated both with the ERN and CRN and is therefore not an independent measure of either ERP [40].”
From Altered Error Monitoring and Decreased Flanker Task Accuracy in Pediatric Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder (2026) · cites this paper as [40]
In the citing paper
“Segments with eye movements and blinks were kept and corrected, adopting the standard Gratton and Coles procedure (Gratton et al., 1983).”
From Error and feedback processing in children with ADHD and children with Autistic Spectrum Disorder: An EEG event-related potential study (2008) · cites this paper as Gratton et al., 1983
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“The EOG was multiplied with this factor and then subtracted from the EEG according to Gratton et al. (1983).”
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“A continuous acquisition system was employed and data was EOG corrected offline.(43) The sampling rate was 500 Hz.”
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“The procedure of Gratton et al. (1983) was used to correct for blinks and other ocular artifacts in the EEG. Trials with activity exceeding 100 μ V between stimulus onset and 1000 ms, relative to a 500 ms baseline, were excluded from further processing.”
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“…(BVA) and were referenced to the average of the left and right mastoids, and band-pass filtered from 0.1 to 30 Hz; eyeblink and ocular corrections were conducted per an extension of the Gratton, Coles, and Donchin (1983) algorithm, which accounts for both vertical and horizontal eye movements.”
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“1 and 30 Hz (24dB/oct) and eye movement artifact was removed using an automated algorithm (Gratton et al., 1983).”
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Effects of attentional and stressor manipulations on the P50 gating response
White, P. M., & Yee, C. M. (1997) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1997.tb02145.x · Cited by 121
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“Consistent with the results of Gratton et al. (1992) , the noise-compatibility effect decreased monotonically between EC ( M = 74 ms), EN ( M = 50 ms) and EI ( M = 28 ms) conditions, indicating that participants adjusted their processing strategies according to the type of noise they expected.”
MethodResultSelf-citationMilde, T., Leistritz, L., Laura Astolfi, A., Miltner, W. H. R., Weiß, T., Babiloni, F., & Witte, H. (2010) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.12.110 · Cited by 120
Combining EEG and eye movement recording in free viewing: Pitfalls and possibilities
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Borghini, G., Aricò, P., Flumeri, G. D., Cartocci, G., Colosimo, A., Bonelli, S., Golfetti, A., Imbert, J.-P., Granger, G., Benhacène, R., et al. (2017) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-017-00633-7 · Cited by 121
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“EEG data were corrected for ocular movement artifacts using the procedure described by Gratton et al. (1983).”
BackgroundMethodSchulz, A., Köster, S., Beutel, M. E., Schächinger, H., Vögele, C., Rost, S., Rauh, M., & Michal, M. (2015) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/psy.0000000000000195 · Cited by 115
“described in previous studies on HEPs (19,22,47,50), eye blink correction was carried out using the Gratton-Coles algorithm (51).”
MethodBress, J. N., Meyer, A., & Hajcak, G. (2015) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579414001400 · Cited by 123
“Eyeblink artifacts were corrected using the procedure developed by Gratton, Coles, and Donchin (1983).”
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“Blinks and vertical eye movements were recorded with electrodes below and above the left eye and artifacts were reduced through the Gratton et al. (1983) algorithm.”
Early adverse experiences and the neurobiology of facial emotion processing.
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Rösler, F., Heil, M., & Hennighausen, E. (1995) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/jocn.1995.7.1.51 · Cited by 119
“Blinks were corrected by means of the regression method suggested by Gratton, Coles, and Donchin (1983) and drift artifacts were corrected according to the method suggested by Hennighawn, Heil,”
MethodEEG theta synchronization conjoined with alpha desynchronization indicate intentional encoding
Mölle, M., Marshall, L., Fehm, H. L., & Born, J. (2002) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1046/j.1460-9568.2002.01921.x · Cited by 114
de la Salle, S., Choueiry, J., Shah, D. K., Bowers, H., McIntosh, J. F., Ilivitsky, V., & Knott, V. (2016) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2016.00348 · Cited by 118
Bauer, L. O. (1997) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/s0376-8716(96)01311-7 · Cited by 118
Lewis, R. S., Goto, S. G., & Kong, L. L. (2008) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167207313731 · Cited by 118
“Offline, a 30 Hz lowpass filter was applied to the EEG. Ocular artifacts were removed using the Gratton, Coles, and Donchin (1983) regression procedure.”
MethodFaster Choice-Reaction Times to Positive than to Negative Facial Expressions
Leppänen, J. M., Tenhunen, M. L., & Hietanen, J. K. (2003) · Journal of Psychophysiology · doi:10.1027//0269-8803.17.3.113 · Cited by 118
Chiu, P. H., Holmes, A. J., & Pizzagalli, D. A. (2008) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2008.04.248 · Cited by 115
“Correction of eye-blink artifact was performed using the Gratton, Coles, and Donchin (1983) regression algorithm, and channels with corrupted signal were replaced using spatially weighted linear interpolations (Hjorth nearest neighbors algorithm).”
MethodError-Related Brain Activity in Patients with Obsessive- Compulsive Disorder and in Healthy Controls
Ruchsow, M., Grön, G., Reuter, K., Spitzer, M., Hermle, L., & Kiefer, M. (2005) · Journal of Psychophysiology · doi:10.1027/0269-8803.19.4.298 · Cited by 116
Riggins, T., Miller, N. C., Bauer, P. J., Georgieff, M., & Nelson, C. A. (2009) · Developmental Neuropsychology · doi:10.1080/87565640903265145 · Cited by 117
Action monitoring and depressive symptom reduction in major depressive disorder
Schrijvers, D. L., de Bruijn, E. R. A., Maas, Y. J., Vancoillie, P., Hulstijn, W., & Sabbe, B. (2008) · International Journal of Psychophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2008.09.005 · Cited by 120
“The EEG was corrected for EOG artefacts using the procedure proposed by Gratton et al. (1983) .”
MethodBruder, G. E., Tenke, C. E., Stewart, J. W., Towey, J. P., Leite, P., Voglmaier, M. M., & Quitkin, F. M. (1995) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1995.tb01220.x · Cited by 117
Response-monitoring dysfunction in aging and Alzheimer’s disease: an event-related potential study
Mathalon, D. H., Bennett, A., Askari, N., Gray, E. M., Rosenbloom, M. J., & Ford, J. M. (2002) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/s0197-4580(02)00154-9 · Cited by 120
Age differences in attentional control: An event‐related potential approach
Kray, J., Eppinger, B., & Mecklinger, A. (2005) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.2005.00298.x · Cited by 122
Fallgatter, A. J., Herrmann, M. J., Roemmler, J., Ehlis, A., Wagener, A., Heidrich, A., Ortega, G., Zeng, Y., & Lesch, K. (2004) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/sj.npp.1300409 · Cited by 117
“The data set was divided into sequences of 60 s to perform an eye movement artifact correction with the algorithm of Gratton et al (1983), with amplitudes of more than 100mV considered as artifacts.”
MethodEnhanced dynamic complexity in the human EEG during creative thinking
Mölle, M., Marshall, L., Lutzenberger, W., Pietrowsky, R., Fehm, H. L., & Jan Born, A. (1996) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/0304-3940(96)12539-8 · Cited by 117
Moser, J. S., Dougherty, A., Mattson, W. I., Katz, B., Moran, T. P., Guevarra, D., Shablack, H., Ayduk, O., Jonides, J., Berman, M. G., et al. (2017) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-017-04047-3 · Cited by 114
Kreussel, L., Hewig, J. S., Kretschmer, N., Hecht, H., COLES, M. G. H., & Miltner, W. H. R. (2011) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.2011.01291.x · Cited by 126
“Ocular correction was achieved by an automatic algorithm using a procedure based on the method suggested by Gratton, Coles, and Donchin (1983), and an automatic artifact rejection with a 200-mV difference criterion was applied.”
MethodSelf-citationInformation processing of food pictures in binge eating disorder
Svaldi, J., Tuschen‐Caffier, B., Peyk, P., & Blechert, J. (2010) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2010.10.002 · Cited by 126
Park, J., & Kitayama, S. (2012) · Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience · doi:10.1093/scan/nss125 · Cited by 120
“Trials with EEG recordings exceeding 500 V were eliminated,(1) and the EEG was corrected for ocular artifacts (Gratton et al., 1983).”
Validation of ICA as a tool to remove eye movement artifacts from EEG/ERP
Mennes, M., Wouters, H., Vanrumste, B., Lagae, L. G., & Stiers, P. L. J. (2010) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.2010.01015.x · Cited by 115
“…of the eye artifact removal by ICA to (a) data uncorrected for eye movements, (b) data corrected for eye movements by rejecting EEG epochs with an amplitude exceeding 100 mV, and (c) to the results of eye artifact removal by the well-established Gratton and Coles method (Gratton et al., 1983).”
BackgroundMethodReduced Parietal P300 Amplitude is Associated with an Increased Risk for a First Psychotic Episode
van Tricht, M. J., Nieman, D. H., Koelman, J. H. T. M., van der Meer, J. N., Bour, L. J., de Haan, L., & LINSZEN, D. H. (2010) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2010.04.022 · Cited by 120
“Both vertical and horizontal eye-movements were detected and removed with eye-movement detection measures developed by Gratton et al. (1982).”
Catecholaminergic Regulation of Learning Rate in a Dynamic Environment
Jepma, M., Murphy, P. R., Nassar, M. R., Rangel-Gomez, M., Meeter, M., & Nieuwenhuis, S. (2016) · PLOS Computational Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005171 · Cited by 91
Predicting Perceptual Decision Biases from Early Brain Activity
Bode, S., Sewell, D. K., Lilburn, S. D., Forte, J. D., Smith, P. L., & Stähl, J. (2012) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1708-12.2012 · Cited by 126
“All data were screened for technical artifacts ( 500 V), then the influences of eye movements were eliminated by applying the ocular correction algorithm (Gratton et al., 1983), and a second artifact screening was performed in which contaminated trials with max/min amplitudes exceeding 100 V were rejected.”
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Self-citationEvent-related brain potentials as indices of information extraction and response priming
Gratton, G., Bosco, C. M., Kramer, A. F., COLES, M. G. H., Wickens, C. D., & Donchin, E. (1990) · Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1016/0013-4694(90)90087-z · Cited by 119
Self-citationN400 and Automatic Semantic Processing Abnormalities in Patients With Schizophrenia
Mathalon, D. H., Faustman, W. O., & Ford, J. M. (2002) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.59.7.641 · Cited by 115
“Remaining trials were corrected for the effects of eye blinks and eye movements based on correlations of the vertical and horizontal EOGs with the electroencephalogram recorded at each electrode site.(43) Event-related potential averages were high pass filtered to minimize activity below 1 Hz, removing the influence o…”
A computational analysis of the neural bases of Bayesian inference
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Error-related brain activity reveals self-centric motivation: Culture matters.
Kitayama, S., & Park, J. (2013) · Journal of Experimental Psychology General · doi:10.1037/a0031696 · Cited by 124
Moulson, M. C., Westerlund, A., Fox, N. A., Zeanah, C. H., & Nelson, C. A. (2009) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.2009.01315.x · Cited by 115
True But Not False Memories Produce a Sensory Signature in Human Lateralized Brain Potentials
Fabiani, M., Stadler, M. A., & Wessels, P. M. (2000) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/08989290051137486 · Cited by 114
Hietanen, J. K., & Astikainen, P. (2012) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2012.10.005 · Cited by 114
Recording Infant ERP Data for Cognitive Research
Hoehl, S., & Wahl, S. (2012) · Developmental Neuropsychology · doi:10.1080/87565641.2011.627958 · Cited by 120
“Correction algorithms for ocular artifacts, blinks in particular, are also available ( Gratton, Coles, & Donchin, 1983 ).”
MethodEvent-related potential responses to love-related facial stimuli
Langeslag, S. J. E., Jansma, B. M., Franken, I. H. A., & Strien, J. W. V. (2007) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2007.06.007 · Cited by 114
“Ocular artifact correction was applied according to the Gratton and Coles algorithm (Gratton et al., 1983).”
MacNamara, A., Ochsner, K. N., & Hajcak, G. (2010) · Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience · doi:10.1093/scan/nsq053 · Cited by 114
“Eye blink and ocular corrections were made using the method developed by Gratton et al. (1983). Noisy data due to technical problems on isolated electrodes necessitated the replacement of data from PO4 in two subjects, Pz in two Negatively and neutrally described picture content was balanced across versions.”
MethodThe cognitive mechanisms underlying deception: An event-related potential study
Suchotzki, K., Crombez, G., Smulders, F. T. Y., Meijer, E. H., & Verschuère, B. (2015) · International Journal of Psychophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2015.01.010 · Cited by 121
“…within the response deadline (RT b 2000 ms), (3) baseline correction over whole epoch, (4) ocular artifact correction using the Gratton – Coles procedure (Gratton et al., 1983 For each of the components, the mean activity within the respective crucialtimewindow atthe respective electrodes…”
MethodKujawa, A., MacNamara, A., Fitzgerald, K. D., Monk, C. S., & Phan, K. L. (2015) · Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology · doi:10.1007/s10802-015-0029-4 · Cited by 117
“Eyeblinks were corrected using the method by Gratton et al. (1983), and semi-automated artifact rejection procedures removed artifacts with the following criteria: voltage step of more than 50 μV between sample points, a voltage difference of 300 μV within a trial, and a maximum voltage difference…”
Right-posterior face processing anomaly in depression.
Deldin, P. J., Keller, J., Gergen, J. A., & Miller, G. A. (2000) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037//0021-843x.109.1.116 · Cited by 113
Véronique Boulenger, A., Silber, B. Y., Roy, A. C., Paulignan, Y., Jeannerod, M., & Nazir, T. A. (2008) · Journal of Physiology-Paris · doi:10.1016/j.jphysparis.2008.03.015 · Cited by 120
“Data were then EOG corrected to account for ocular artifact (Gratton et al., 1983).”
Anxiety and spatial attention moderate the electrocortical response to aversive pictures
MacNamara, A., & Hajcak, G. (2009) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2009.06.026 · Cited by 116
Performance monitoring is altered in adult ADHD: A familial event-related potential investigation
McLoughlin, G., Albrecht, B., Banaschewski, T., Rothenberger, A., Brandeis, D., Asherson, P. J., & Kuntsi, J. (2009) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2009.07.013 · Cited by 112
“05) and after down-sampling to 256 Hz, was corrected for horizontal and vertical (blinks) eye movements using the Gratton and Coles method (Gratton et al., 1983).”
MethodInfluentialShort‐term monocular deprivation alters early components of visual evoked potentials
Lunghi, C., Berchicci, M., Morrone, M. C., & Russo, F. D. (2015) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jp270950 · Cited by 122
“The trials with artifacts (e.g. blinks or gross movements) and amplitude exceeding the threshold of ± 90 μV were automatically excluded from the averaging, whereas eye movement artifacts were processed using the Gratton and Coles algorithm (Gratton et al. 1983).”
MethodAttention modulates emotional expression processing
Wronka, E., & Walentowska, W. (2011) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.2011.01180.x · Cited by 112
Morris, S. E., Heerey, E. A., Gold, J. M., & Holroyd, C. B. (2007) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2007.08.027 · Cited by 118
“Vertical and horizontal eye movement artifacts were corrected offline ( Gratton et al., 1983; Miller et al., 1988).”
BackgroundMethodFlumeri, G. D., Aricò, P., Borghini, G., Colosimo, A., & Babiloni, F. (2016) · Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC) · doi:10.1109/embc.2016.7591406 · Cited by 112
“When the condition Thres-FPZ >1 is verified (1), the subtraction of the Bn-weighted Regr-FPZ signal from each n th EEG channel [4], is performed (2).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialERN varies with degree of psychopathy in an emotion discrimination task
Munro, G. E. S., Dywan, J., Harris, G. T., McKee, S. A., Ünsal, A., & Segalowitz, S. J. (2007) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2007.05.004 · Cited by 112
Moser, J. S., Most, S. B., & Simons, R. F. (2010) · Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3758/cabn.10.2.195 · Cited by 110
“Offline, the EEG for each trial was corrected for vertical EOG artifacts according to previously developed methods ( Gratton, Coles, & Donchin, 1983; G. A. Miller, Gratton, & Yee, 1988) and then was rereferenced to the average activity of the mastoid electrodes.”
MethodImpaired emotion regulation in schizophrenia: evidence from event-related potentials
Horan, W. P., Hajcak, G., Wynn, J. K., & Green, M. F. (2013) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291713000019 · Cited by 111
“Each EEG segment was corrected for blinks and eye movements using the method developed by Gratton et al. (1983).”
MethodData mining EEG signals in depression for their diagnostic value
Mohammadi, M., Al-Azab, F. G. M., Raahemi, B., Richards, G., Jaworska, N., Smith, D., de la Salle, S., Blier, P., & Knott, V. (2015) · BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making · doi:10.1186/s12911-015-0227-6 · Cited by 111
“For both referenced recordings, signals were filtered (0.1 – 30 Hz), ocular corrected [44], and segmented into 2 s epochs (50 % overlap).”
MethodInfluentialUsing frequency tagging to quantify attentional deployment in a visual divided attention task
Toffanin, P., de Jong, R., Johnson, A., & Martens, S. (2009) · International Journal of Psychophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2009.01.006 · Cited by 110
“Epochs were then visually inspected for the presence of artifacts, and eye blinks were corrected using the algorithm of Gratton et al. (1983).”
MethodPositive Affect Modulates Flexibility and Evaluative Control
van Wouwe, N. C., Band, G. P. H., & Ridderinkhof, K. R. (2009) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/jocn.2009.21380 · Cited by 122
When Remembering Causes Forgetting: Electrophysiological Correlates of Retrieval-Induced Forgetting
Johansson, M., Aslan, A., Bäuml, K. T., Gabel, A. J., & Mecklinger, A. (2006) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhl044 · Cited by 111
“In the relearning condition, the nontarget words were re-exposed for additional learning; in the retrieval condition, the nontargets were presented as word stems and participants were instructed to retrieve the corresponding study-list word.”
The X-Trials: Neural Correlates of an Inhibitory Control Task in Children and Adults
Davis, E. P., Bruce, J., Snyder, K. A., & Nelson, C. A. (2003) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/089892903321593144 · Cited by 113
“Davis et al. 441 eye-movement-related artifact was corrected ( Gratton, Coles, & Donchin, 1983 ).”
Depression symptom severity and error-related brain activity
Olvet, D. M., Klein, D. N., & Hajcak, G. (2010) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2010.06.008 · Cited by 110
“The EEG was corrected for blinks and eye movements using the method developed by Gratton et al. (1983).”
MethodKujawa, A., Hajcak, G., Kessel, E. M., Dyson, M. W., Olino, T. M., & Klein, D. N. (2014) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2014.11.008 · Cited by 111
The Neuroscience of Implicit Moral Evaluation and Its Relation to Generosity in Early Childhood
Cowell, J. M., & Decety, J. (2014) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2014.11.002 · Cited by 119
Novak, B. K., Novak, K. D., Lynam, D. R., & Foti, D. (2016) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2016.07.008 · Cited by 117
Gajewski, P. D., & Falkenstein, M. (2012) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2012.00130 · Cited by 114
“Eye movement artifacts were corrected using the correction algorithm of Gratton et al. (1983). Electrode impedance was kept below 10 kΩ.”
MethodAbnormal Changes of Synaptic Excitability in Migraine with Aura
Siniatchkin, M., Sendacki, M., Moeller, F., Wolff, S., Jansen, O., Siebner, H. R., & Stephani, U. (2011) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhr248 · Cited by 110
“The EEG signal was corrected for DC drift, eye movements, and blinking (algorithm described by Gratton et al. 1983, as implemented in BrainVision Analyser).”
MethodGao, J., Zheng, C., & Wang, P. (2010) · Clinical EEG and Neuroscience · doi:10.1177/155005941004100111 · Cited by 110
“Fifteen Eblk and 15 Emov matrixes were first synthesized with the aforementioned 15 background EEG matrixes based on the equation (1), resulting in 15 Beye.”
MethodChanges in Performance Monitoring During Sensorimotor Adaptation
Anguera, J. A., Seidler, R. D., & Gehring, W. J. (2009) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.00063.2009 · Cited by 118
An ERP study of agreement features in Spanish
Silva‐Pereyra, J., & Carreiras, M. (2007) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2007.09.029 · Cited by 109
EOG artifact removal using a wavelet neural network
Nguyen, H.-A. T., Musson, J., Li, F., Wang, W., Zhang, G., Xu, R., Richey, C., Schnell, T., McKenzie, F. D., & Li, J. (2012) · Neurocomputing · doi:10.1016/j.neucom.2012.04.016 · Cited by 109
“The methods for removing EOG artifacts based on regression have been widely studied [4,9,11,12,39,44].”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialKnowing Who's Boss: fMRI and ERP Investigations of Social Dominance Perception
Chiao, J. Y., Adams, R. B., Tse, P. U., Lowenthal, W. T., Richeson, J. A., & Ambady, N. (2008) · Group Processes & Intergroup Relations · doi:10.1177/1368430207088038 · Cited by 107
“Eye blink and movement were digitally corrected according to established standards (Gratton et al., 1983).”
MethodA truth that’s told with bad intent: An ERP study of deception
Carrión, R. E., Keenan, J. P., & Sebanz, N. (2009) · Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.cognition.2009.05.014 · Cited by 109
Anxiety not only increases, but also alters early error-monitoring functions
Aarts, K., & Pourtois, G. (2010) · Cognitive Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3758/cabn.10.4.479 · Cited by 116
“ERPs of interest were computed offline following a standard sequence of data transformations (Picton et al., 2000): (1) �500/�1,000 segmentation around the motor response, (2) preresponse interval baseline correction (from �500 msec to motor response), (3) vertical ocular correction for blinks ( Gratton, Coles, & Donc…”
MethodNavigated TMS combined with EEG in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease: A pilot study
Julkunen, P., Jauhiainen, A. M., Westerén-Punnonen, S., Pirinen, E., Soininen, H. S., Könönen, M., Pääkkönen, A. K., Määttä, S., & Karhu, J. (2008) · Journal of Neuroscience Methods · doi:10.1016/j.jneumeth.2008.04.021 · Cited by 112
Error-related brain activity and adjustments of selective attention following errors
Maier, M. E., Yeung, N., & Steinhauser, M. (2011) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.03.083 · Cited by 117
“Remaining horizontal and vertical EOG artifacts were corrected by an eye movement correction procedure (Automatic Artifact Removal Toolbox Version 1.3; http://www.cs.tut.fi/~gomezher/projects/eeg/ aar.htm) based on a linear regressionmethod (Gratton et al., 1983).”
InfluentialNeurophysiological evidence of efference copies to inner speech
Whitford, T. J., Jack, B. N., Pearson, D., Griffiths, O., Luque, D., Harris, A. W., Spencer, K. M., & Le Pelley, M. E. (2017) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.28197 · Cited by 106
“The epochs were corrected for eye-movement artefacts, using the technique described in (Gratton et al., 1983), and any epoch with a signal exceeding a peak-to-peak amplitude of 200 mV for any channel was excluded.”
Relations among EEG-alpha asymmetry, BIS/BAS, and dispositional optimism
Pascalis, V. D., Cozzuto, G., Caprara, G. V., & Alessandri, G. (2013) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2013.05.016 · Cited by 119
Functional connectivity disruptions correlate with cognitive phenotypes in Parkinson's disease
Hassan, M., Chaton, L., Benquet, P., Delval, A., Leroy, C., Plomhause, L., Moonen, A. J. H., Duits, A., Leentjens, A. F. G., van Kranen-Mastenbroek, V. H. J. M., et al. (2017) · NeuroImage Clinical · doi:10.1016/j.nicl.2017.03.002 · Cited by 107
“Detailed demographic and disease-related variables were recorded.”
MethodCheval, B., Tipura, E., Burra, N., Frossard, J., Chanal, J. P., Orsholits, D., Radel, R., & Boisgontier, M. P. (2018) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2018.07.029 · Cited by 120
“Ocular movements and blink correction was performed using the implemented standard algorithm (Gratton et al., 1983).”
George, N., Jemel, B., Fiori, N., Chaby, L., & Renault, B. (2005) · Cognitive Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.cogbrainres.2005.03.017 · Cited by 108
“an automatic eye-movements correction program [ 17 ].”
MethodElectrocortical reactivity to social feedback in youth: A pilot study of the Island Getaway task
Kujawa, A., Arfer, K. B., Klein, D. N., & Hajcak, G. (2014) · Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.dcn.2014.08.008 · Cited by 114
BRETELER, M. H. M., Arns, M., Peters, S. A. F., Giepmans, I., & Verhoeven, L. T. W. (2009) · Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback · doi:10.1007/s10484-009-9105-2 · Cited by 108
“A continuous acquisition system was employed and EEG data were EOG corrected offline (Gratton et al. 1983).”
Metadata
- Authors
- Gratton, G., Coles, M. G. H., & Donchin, E.
- Affiliations
- University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign (US)
- ORCID
- Gratton, Gabriele
- Venue
- Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1983-04
- Volume
- 55
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 468-484
- ISSN
- 0013-4694 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2114512489
- Cited by
- 5,055
- References
- 17
- Citations by year
- 2026: 89 · 2025: 127 · 2024: 154 · 2023: 139 · 2022: 177 · 2021: 178 · 2020: 223 · 2019: 213 · 2018: 235 · 2017: 253 · 2016: 267 · 2015: 263 · 2014: 283 · 2013: 301 · 2012: 276
- FWCI
- 5.25
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Digital Commons - University of South Florida (University of South Florida) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Human-Computer Interaction › Gaze Tracking and Assistive Technology
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural dynamics and brain function
- Keywords
- ocular artifact removal, event-related potentials, saccades, eye movements, trial retention
- MeSH terms
- Blinking, Electroencephalography, Electrooculography, Evoked Potentials, Humans, Mathematics
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