Biochar and manure effluent effects on soil biochemical properties under corn production
Abstract
Biochar (BC), an aromatic carbon (C) rich compound has been used to sequester C in terrestrial ecosystems. Biochar has also been shown to improve soil fertility and crop productivity when applied to soil. Biochemical properties of soil are sensitive parameters that indicate the change in soil processes that result from soil management practices. Major knowledge gaps exist on the long term effects of biochar addition in cropped field soils. Therefore, a field experiment (3 yrs) was conducted on a Warden silt loam soil to investigate the changes in soil biochemical properties following three years of corn (Zea mays L.) production with applications of biochar (BC), fertilizer (NPK) or dairy manure (DE). The NPK or DE treatments were applied annually, while BC was applied only the first year. Organic carbon (TOC), total organic nitrogen (TON), TOC to TON ratio (CNR), soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC), Metabolic quotient (MQ), potential mineralizable nitrogen (PMN), fluorescein diacetate hydrolysis activity (FDA), acid phophatase activity (ACP), alkaline phosphatase activity (ALP), β-glucosidase activity, urease activity (URA), and soil pH were evaluated at 0-15 and 15-30cm depths after the 3rd year of corn production. A soil quality index equation was also developed with linear scoring functions. NPK or DE with BC application increased soil pH, TOC, MBC, FDA, CN ratio, ALP and URA while decreased MQ and ACP activity. Biochar had little effect on N dynamics in the soil. Application of biochar to both NPK and DE treatments improved the soil quality index as compared to that without biochar.
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Application of hard wood biochar with either NPK or digested dairy manure had little effect on N dynamics in Warden silt loam soil of Washington state USA.
“The application of hard wood biochar, a mix of white ash ( Fraxinus americana ), oak ( Quercus sp.), and beech ( Fragus grandifolia ) produced by fast pyrolysis at 500-600 o C with either NPK or digested dairy manure had little effect on N dynamics in Warden silt loam soil of Washington state of USA (Bera et al., 2016).”
From A review on biochar modulated soil condition improvements and nutrient dynamics concerning crop yields: Pathways to climate change mitigation and global food security (2019) · cites this paper as Bera et al., 2016
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“Soil quality indices have been used to evaluate the impact of agricultural practices, crop production, soil management (Armenise et al., 2013; Rahmanipour et al., 2014; Bera et al., 2016; Vasu et al., 2016), and to a lesser extent to assess soil exposed to anthropogenic pressure (e.”
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Boafo, D. K., Kraisornpornson, B., Panphon, S., Owusu, B. E., & Amaniampong, P. N. (2019) · Applied Soil Ecology · doi:10.1016/j.apsoil.2019.09.008 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Günal, E., Erdem, H., & Demirbaş, A. (2018) · Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science · doi:10.1080/03650340.2018.1471205 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
“…al. 2010), β-glucosidase activity has been widely used to show the effects of changes with soil and residue management and accepted as an early indicator of changes in soil organic carbon (Acosta-Martínez et al. 2003; Green et al. 2007; Bera et al. 2016; Foster et al. 2016; Khadem and Raiesi 2017).”
BackgroundMethodAbagandura, G. O., Bansal, S., Karsteter, A., & Kumar, S. (2021) · Soil Use and Management · doi:10.1111/sum.12760 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
“For example, the addition of animal manure to biochar application may maximize the benefits of both (Bera et al., 2016; Lentz et al., 2014).”
BackgroundEffects of biochar and biosolid on adsorption of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in two soils
Rens, H., Bera, T., & Alva, A. K. (2018) · Water, Air, & Soil Pollution · doi:10.1007/s11270-018-3925-8 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
“Detail procedures for measuring the initial properties have been described by Bera et al. (2016).”
BackgroundMethodSelf-citationThe effects of biochar on soil extra and intracellular enzymes activity
Rahmanian, M., & Khadem, A. (2023) · Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery · doi:10.1007/s13399-023-04330-6 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Influence of select bioenergy by-products on soil carbon and microbial activity: A laboratory study
Bera, T., Vardanyan, L. G., Inglett, K. S., Reddy, K. R., O’Connor, G. A., Erickson, J. E., & Wilkie, A. C. (2018) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.10.237 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Self-citationLi, N., Wen, S., Wei, S., Li, H., Feng, Y., Ren, G., Yang, G., Han, X., Wang, X., & Ren, C. (2020) · Environmental Technology & Innovation · doi:10.1016/j.eti.2020.101316 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Mitigation of Degraded Soils by Using Biochar and Compost: a Systematic Review
Zahra, M. B., Fayyaz, B., Aftab, Z., & Haider, M. S. (2021) · Journal of soil science and plant nutrition · doi:10.1007/s42729-021-00558-1 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Influence of biochar remediation on Eisenia fetida in Pb-contaminated soils
Sun, F., Chen, J., Chen, F., Wang, X., Liu, K., Yang, Y., & Tang, M. (2022) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.133954 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Lakitan, B., Alberto, A., Lindiana, L., Kartika, K., Herlinda, S., & Kurnianingsih, A. (2018) · Chiang Mai University Journal of Natural Sciences · doi:10.12982/cmujns.2018.0009 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
“, 2016); adjusting soil physicochemical and biochemical properties for agriculture (Herath et al., 2013; Githinji, 2014; Bai et al., 2015; Abujabhah et al., 2016; Bera et al., 2016; Haider et al., 2017); creating soil health by inducing growth of beneficial and”
BackgroundMitigation effect of biochar on sorghum seedling growth under salinity stress
Ibrahim, M. E. H., Ali, A. Y. A., Elsiddig, A. M. I., Zhou, G., Nimir, N. E. A., Agbna, G. H. D., & Zhu, G. (2020) · Pakistan Journal of Botany · doi:10.30848/pjb2021-2(21 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Kang, S., Cheong, Y. H., Yun, J.-J., Park, J.-H., Park, J., Seo, D., & Cho, J.-S. (2021) · Journal of Plant Nutrition · doi:10.1080/01904167.2021.1921200 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
“Considering that biochar is a highly heterogeneous material (Kloss et al. 2012), its application results in changes to the physical (Rogovska, Laird, and Karlen 2016), chemical (Kloss et al. 2014), and biological (Bera et al. 2016) properties of soil.”
BackgroundDeinert, L., Hossen, S., Ikoyi, I., Kwapinksi, W., Noll, M., & Schmalenberger, A. (2024) · European Journal of Soil Biology · doi:10.1016/j.ejsobi.2023.103591 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Linking soil health indicators to management history and soybean yield
Malone, L. C., Ruark, M. D., Kucharik, C. J., Whitman, T. L., & Conley, S. P. (2023) · Field Crops Research · doi:10.1016/j.fcr.2023.108951 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Biochar improved sorghum germination and seedling growth under salinity stress
Ibrahim, M. E. H., Ali, A. Y. A., Elsiddig, A. M. I., Zhou, G., Nimir, N. E. A., Ahmad, I., Suliman, M. S. E., Elradi, S. B. M., & Salih, E. G. I. (2020) · Agronomy Journal · doi:10.1002/agj2.20026 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Kong, F., Ling, X., Iqbal, B., Zhou, Z., & Meng, Y. (2021) · Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science · doi:10.1080/03650340.2021.1955355 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
“phosphatase activities and microbial activities related to P cycling, thus indirectly affecting soil P availability (Bera et al. 2016; Liu et al. 2017).”
BackgroundResultRaiesi, F., & Khadem, A. (2019) · Biochar · doi:10.1007/s42773-019-00016-3 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Use of okara in the bioremediation of chlorpyrifos in soil: Effects on soil biochemical properties
Orts, Á., Cabrera, S., Gómez, I., Parrado, J., Rodríguez-Morgado, B., & Tejada, M. (2017) · Applied Soil Ecology · doi:10.1016/j.apsoil.2017.09.042 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Najafi‐Ghiri, M., Razeghizadeh, T., Taghizadeh, M. S., & Boostani, H. R. (2019) · Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis · doi:10.1080/00103624.2019.1671444 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
“The positive effect of biochar on microbial community and enzyme activity (phosphatase) due to increase in soil pH have been previously reported by some researchers (Bera et al. 2016; Purakayastha, Kumari, and Pathak 2015).”
BackgroundBiochar amendment shifts bacterial keystone taxa regulating soil phosphorus dynamics
Deng, J., He, D., Zhu, X., Cai, Y., Cai, K., & Tian, J. (2024) · Applied Soil Ecology · doi:10.1016/j.apsoil.2024.105521 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Peng, C., Li, Q., Zhang, Z., Wu, Z., Song, X., Zhou, G., & Song, X. (2019) · Journal of Forest Research · doi:10.1080/13416979.2019.1646970 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
“Soil physiochemical property determination Soil pH was determined using a pH electrode in a soil water suspension with a soil:water ratio of 1:2.5 (Bera et al. 2016).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialKang, S., Yun, J.-J., Park, J.-H., Cheong, Y. H., Park, J., Seo, D., & Cho, J.-S. (2021) · Applied Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1186/s13765-021-00666-7 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
“Biochar is a highly heterogeneous material [29], and its application to soil is known to alter the physical [30], chemical [31], and biological [32] properties of soil.”
BackgroundShar, A. G., Peng, J. Y., Tian, X., Siyal, T. A., Shar, A. H., Yuhan, J., Datta, R., & Hessini, K. (2021) · Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.04.074 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Filho, A. P. M., de Medeiros, É. V., LIMA, J. R. S., da Costa, D. P., Duda, G. P., da Silva, J. S. A., OLIVEIRA, J. B. D., Antonino, A. C. D., Menezes, R. S. C., & Hammecker, C. (2021) · Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências · doi:10.1590/0001-3765202120200096 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Yorgey, G. G., Hall, S. A., Allen, E., Whitefield, E. M., Embertson, N. M., Jones, V. P., Saari, B. R., Rajagopalan, K., Roesch-McNally, G. E., Horne, B. V., et al. (2017) · Frontiers in Environmental Science · doi:10.3389/fenvs.2017.00052 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
“…a potential role in mitigating climate change (Woolf et al., 2010), and applications in corn in easternWashington State have increased SOC (e.g., Bera et al., 2016), and raised pH (Streubel et al., 2011; Awale et al., 2017), an intriguing possibility given issues with soil acidification in some…”
BackgroundSelf-citationKalambukattu, J. G., Kumar, S., & Ghotekar, Y. S. (2018) · EURASIAN JOURNAL OF SOIL SCIENCE (EJSS) · doi:10.18393/ejss.427189 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
“Similar variation of soil organic carbon with depth, has also been reported by Bera et al. (2016), under corn production systems with addition of various organic amendments.”
BackgroundZhou, Z., Yrjälä, K., Chen, J., Yu, C., Shi, W., Qin, H., Yu, W., Dai, W., Hu, Y., & Wu, J. (2022) · Journal of Soils and Sediments · doi:10.1007/s11368-021-03127-2 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
“The biochar application rate was at a mid-range level, which was based on previous research studies that assessed both microbial and plant responses (Biederman and Harpole 2013; Gomez et al.”
BackgroundLi, N., Ma, X., Xu, H., Feng, Y., Ren, G., Yang, G., Han, X., Wang, X., & Ren, C. (2020) · Soil Use and Management · doi:10.1111/sum.12642 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
“…2011), and has been demonstrated to be potentially conducive to agronomy and environmental health, by improving soil properties (Abel et al., 2013; Bera et al., 2016), enhancing crop yield (Abiven et al., 2015; Blackwell et al., 2015), diminishing N leaching (Nguyen et al., 2017; Li & Shangguan,…”
BackgroundThe Nutritional Value of Shrimp Waste and Its Response to Growth and N Uptake Efficiency by Corn
Mansyur, N. I., Hanudin, E., Purwanto, B. H., & Utami, S. N. H. (2021) · IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science · doi:10.1088/1755-1315/748/1/012013 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
New Frontiers for Raw Wooden Residues, Biochar Production as a Resource for Environmental Challenges
Domenico, G. D., Bianchini, L., Stefano, V. D., Venanzi, R., Monaco, A. L., Colantoni, A., & Picchio, R. (2024) · C – Journal of Carbon Research · doi:10.3390/c10020054 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Hangs, R. D., & Schoenau, J. J. (2022) · BioEnergy Research · doi:10.1007/s12155-022-10485-3 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Munda, S., Nayak, A. K., Shahid, M., Bhaduri, D., Chatterjee, D., Mohanty, S., Tripathi, R., Kumar, U., Kumar, A., Khanam, R., et al. (2023) · Heliyon · doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17835 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
“(2016) [24] as they reported the highest weight for Ctot in biochar and manure amended soils.”
BackgroundMaltaş, A. Ş., Tavali, İ. E., Uz, İ., & Kaplan, M. (2022) · Scientia Horticulturae · doi:10.1016/j.scienta.2022.111448 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Bera, T., Inglett, K. S., & Liu, G. D. (2020) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-020-78198-1 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Self-citationLong, V. V., & Dũng, T. V. (2023) · EURASIAN JOURNAL OF SOIL SCIENCE (EJSS) · doi:10.18393/ejss.1260911 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
“Biochar has been known as a biomaterial that can improve soil characteristics such as water content, soil pH, cation exchange capacity (CEC), and soil organic carbon (SOC) (Jaafar et al., 2015; Bass et al., 2016; Bera et al., 2016).”
BackgroundResultLiu, X., Zhang, Y., Jiang, D., Wu, C., Wang, S., Tian, M., Yao, Z., Jiang, N., Chen, L., & Chen, L. (2025) · European Journal of Agronomy · doi:10.1016/j.eja.2025.127643 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Acosta‐Martínez, V., Pérez‐Guzmán, L., Veum, K. S., Nunes, M. R., & Dick, R. P. (2021) · ASSA, CSSA and SSSA · doi:10.1002/9780891189831.ch11 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Filho, A. P. M., de Medeiros, É. V., Lima, J. R. D. S., Duda, G. P., Silva, W. D. M., Antonino, A. C. D., da Silva, J. S. A., de Oliveira, J. B., & Hammecker, C. (2020) · Revista Brasileira de Geografia Física · doi:10.26848/rbgf.v13.3.p903-914 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
“The present study showed an increase in the urease activity in the MCH12 treatment, since the biochar that has high molecular weight makes an association with the enzyme (Bera et al., 2016), making that high concentrations of biochar may have higher activities due to protection.”
BackgroundInfluentialEffect of sesame cake fertilizer with γ-PGA on soil nutrient, water and nitrogen use efficiency
Fu, Y., Li, G., Wang, S., & Dai, Z. (2024) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-024-69650-7 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Lebrun, M., Aguinaga, M., Zahid, Z., Šimek, P., Ouředníček, P., Klápště, P., Száková, J., Berchová‐Bímová, K., Jačka, L., Beesley, L., et al. (2024) · Soil Use and Management · doi:10.1111/sum.13135 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
la Portilla-López, N. D., Vaca-Paulín, R., Mora‐Herrera, M. E., Salinas, L., del Águila, P., Yáñez-Ocampo, G., & Lugo, J. A. (2020) · Agronomy · doi:10.3390/agronomy10081117 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Rahman, M. M., Maqbool, N., Abdurrahman, A. Y., Gülser, C., & Kızılkaya, R. (2024) · Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis · doi:10.1080/00103624.2024.2337825 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
“For this reason, this enzyme is crucial in organic P mineralization and plant P nutrition (Bera et al. 2016; Nannipieri et al. 2011).”
BackgroundDrenning, P., Volchko, Y., Enell, A., Kleja, D. B., Larsson, M., & Norrman, J. (2024) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174869 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Keshiknevisrazavi, S., Fotovat, A., Khorassani, R., & Lakzian, A. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology · doi:10.1007/s13762-022-04320-7 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Kara, T., Bharti, V. S., Amal, C. T., Biswas, S., Konduri, A., Adakney, S., Krishnan, S., & Bhuvaneswari, G. R. (2025) · Aquaculture Reports · doi:10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.102975 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Rehman, H., Khan, A. H. A., Rehman, W. U., Ahmad, M., & Iqbal, M. (2025) · Advanced Sustainable Systems · doi:10.1002/adsu.202500776 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
la Portilla-López, N. D., Vaca-Paulín, R., del Águila, P., Salinas-Alcántara, L., Yáñez-Ocampo, G., & de la Fuente, J. L. (2021) · Revista Internacional de Contaminación Ambiental · doi:10.20937/rica.53863 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
“Las propiedades bioquímicas importantes del suelo son el carbono de la masa microbiana (CBM) y la respiración basal (RB) (Bera et al. 2016, Papp et al. 2018); esta última es el indicador ideal de la actividad microbiana y un parámetro sensible para monitorear la mineralización de la MO (García-Gil…”
BackgroundEngineered biochar: potential application toward agricultural and environmental sustainability
Dutta, A., Patra, A., Nain, P., Jatav, S. S., Meena, R. S., Mukharjee, S., Trivedi, A., Mohapatra, K. K., & Pradhan, C. (2024) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-15506-2.00016-x · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Self-citationXia, Y., & Wander, M. M. (2021) · Soil Science Society of America Journal · doi:10.1002/saj2.20370 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Soil Carbon Sequestration in the Context of Climate Change
Bera, T., Samui, S., Dey, A., & Ankireddypalli, J. K. (2024) · Advances in global change research · doi:10.1007/978-981-99-7935-6_3 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Self-citationRole of biochars in soil fertility management of fruit crops
Petruccelli, R., & Lonardo, S. D. (2020) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-818732-6.00031-9 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Tavali, İ. E., Maltaş, A. Ş., Uz, İ., & Kaplan, M. (2019) · Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis · doi:10.1080/00103624.2019.1679164 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Manirakiza, N., Şeker, C., & Negiş, H. (2021) · Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis · doi:10.1080/00103624.2020.1862148 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
“Further, biochar was reported to act as liming materials, which can be also another fact for significantly increasing pH (Bera et al. 2016; Van Zwieten et al. 2010).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialTadesse, N., Yoseph, T., Yigezu, Z. D., & Nebiyu, A. (2025) · Agrosystems Geosciences & Environment · doi:10.1002/agg2.70073 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Innovative Soil Health Practices for Better Water Management
Murtaza, B., Fatima, R., Sardar, A., Kousar, S., Imran, M., Bakhat, H. F., Amjad, M., Rehman, A., Murtaza, G., & Cheema, M. A. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-91883-4_5 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Ahır Gübresi Biyokömürünün Bazı Toprak Özellikleri Ve Mısır Bitkisinin Gelişimi Üzerine Etkisi
Gümüş, İ., Negiş, H., & Şeker, C. (2022) · Ziraat Mühendisliği · doi:10.33724/zm.996446 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Hương, T. T. T., Tòng, N. X., Duong, N. P. T., Nghĩa, N. V., Hai, V., & Bình, N. T. (2022) · VNU Journal of Science Earth and Environmental Sciences · doi:10.25073/2588-1094/vnuees.4871 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Biochar: An Emerging Soil Amendment for Sustaining Soil Health and Black Gold for Indian Agriculture
Shiyal, V., Patel, V. M., Patel, H. K., Rathwa, M., & Patel, P. M. (2022) · Journal of Experimental Agriculture International · doi:10.9734/jeai/2022/v44i122072 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“Bera (2016) reported microbial biomass carbon content in post-harvest inceptisol soil found significantly the highest with application of rice straw biochar 6.75 g/kg soil.”
BackgroundInfluentialOyelade, A. D., Olowe, V. I. O., Fabunmi, T. O., & Adejuyigbe, C. O. (2024) · Agricultura tropica et subtropica · doi:10.2478/ats-2024-0016 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Impacto do biochar de resíduos da indústria de biodiesel sobre os atributos de um solo arenoso
de Oliveira, J. B., de Medeiros, É. V., da Silva, J. S. A., Duda, G. P., da Costa, D. P., da França, R. F., & Lima, J. R. D. S. (2020) · Revista Brasileira de Geografia Física · doi:10.26848/rbgf.v13.5.p2128-2138
“A redução da acidez vem sendo atribuída à alcalinidade de biochar e à presença de ânions orgânicos e carbonatos (Bera et al., 2016; Dai et al., 2017).”
Effect of organic manure incubated biochar on soil carbon pools during maize grown on Inceptisol
Pardhi, G., Bhosale, P., Kadlag, A., & Kale, S. (2021) · International Journal of Chemical Studies · doi:10.22271/chemi.2021.v9.i1at.11742
“Bera et al. (2016) [2] reported that mixed biochar of oak and maple with dairy manure @ 22 t ha-1 increased the soil microbial biomass carbon in soil.”
BackgroundResultInfluentialAkpınar, Ç. (2024) · Osmaniye Korkut Ata Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi · doi:10.47495/okufbed.1466531
Biochar application and plant tolerance to waterlogging
Hayat, K., Khan, M. N., Shah, S., Bangash, S. A. K., Ibrahim, M., & Kaplan, A. (2024) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-24137-6.00014-8
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Konduri, A., Bharti, V. S., Bhardwaj, A. K., Kumar, S., Krishnan, S., Shukla, S. P., Kara, T., Chuphal, N., Kishore, P. S., Thakur, J. K., et al. (2026) · Frontiers in Environmental Science · doi:10.3389/fenvs.2026.1693880
Yue, Z., WANG, Y., Dong, L., Weihua, W., Kan, L., & Liu, Y. (2026) · Water Air & Soil Pollution · doi:10.1007/s11270-026-09689-6
“As noted by Bera et al. (2016), the results of this investigation are consistent with earlier research, indicating that the existence of functional groups such as hydroxyl, carboxyl, and benzene rings in biochar boosts its capacity for cation adsorption.”
- Authors
- Bera, T., Collins, H. P., Alva, A. K., Purakayastha, T. J., & Patra, A. K.
- Affiliations
- Agricultural Research Service (US)
- Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IN)
- Indian Institute of Soil Science (IN)
- Corresponding author
- Bera, T.
- Venue
- Applied Soil Ecology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2016-11
- Volume
- 107
- Pages
- 360-367
- ISSN
- 0929-1393 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2478175300
- Semantic Scholar
- 5542770e7aab3577a6e2a0430d52c9df54b97841
- Cited by
- 95
- References
- 67
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 1
- FWCI
- 10.53
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Applied Soil Ecology (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Fulbright Commission
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Soil Science › Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Soil Science › Agricultural Science and Fertilization
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Soil Science › Soil Management and Crop Yield
- Keywords
- biochar, dairy manure, maize production, soil biochemical properties, soil quality index, soil microbial biomass carbon, soil enzyme activity, soil nitrogen mineralization, soil organic carbon, soil organic nitrogen, soil pH, long-term field experiment
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