Cited by 210Soil Carbon and Nitrogen DynamicsThermochemical Biomass Conversion ProcessesHumic Substances and Bio-Organic Studies

RETRACTED: Biochar modulating soil biological health: A review

Open access
Bolan, Shiv, Sharma, Shailja, Mukherjee, Santanu, Kumar, Manish, Rao, Ch. Srinivasa, Nataraj, K.C., Singh, Gurwinder, Vinu, Ajayan +11 more·2024·Science of The Total Environment

Abstract

Biochar can be used for multifunctional applications including the improvement of soil health and carbon storage, remediation of contaminated soil and water resources, mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions and odorous compounds, and feed supplementation to improve animal health. A healthy soil preserves microbial biodiversity that is effective in supressing plant pathogens and pests, recycling nutrients for plant growth, promoting positive symbiotic associations with plant roots, improving soil structure to supply water and nutrients, and ultimately enhancing soil productivity and plant growth. As a soil amendment, biochar assures soil biological health through different processes. First, biochar supports habitats for microorganisms due to its porous nature and by promoting the formation of stable soil micro-aggregates. Biochar also serves as a carbon and nutrient source. Biochar alters soil physical and chemical properties, creating optimum soil conditions for microbial diversity. Biochar can also immobilize soil pollutants and reduce their bioavailability that would otherwise inhibit microbial growth. However, depending on the pyrolysis settings and feedstock resources, biochar can be comprised of contaminants including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and potentially toxic elements that can inhibit microbial activity, thereby impacting soil health.

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Crossref · 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169585This paper is marked retracted.

Cites

312 of 312 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

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  • This phytostabilization mechanism can be further enhanced by cultivating M × g in conjunction with biochar amendments, which improve soil structure and increase nutrient availability while simultaneously immobilizing PTEs and reducing their uptake into above-ground tissues.

    “This phytoremediation mechanism can be further enhanced by cultivating the plant in conjunction with biochar amendments, which improve soil structure and increase nutrient availability while simultaneously immobilizing PTEs and reducing their uptake into above-ground tissues [20, 21].”
  • Biochar applied to soil can improve soil health, enhance plant productivity and phytoremediation by immobilizing pollutants, increasing soil pH, enriching microbial activity, and improving soil structure and nutrient availability.

    “When applied as an amendment to the soil, this material can improve soil health, enhance plant productivity and phytoremediation by immobilizing pollutants, increasing soil pH, enriching microbial activity, and improving soil structure and nutrient availability [19–21].”

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Authors
Bolan, S., Sharma, S., Mukherjee, S., Kumar, M., Rao, C. S., Nataraj, K. C., Singh, G., Vinu, A., Bhowmik, A., Sharma, H., El-Naggar, A., Chang, S. X., Hou, D., Rinklebe, J., Wang, H., Siddique, K. H. M., Abbott, L. K., Kirkham, M. B., & Bolan, N.
Affiliations
  • The University of Western Australia (AU)
  • Shoolini University (IN)
  • Amity University (IN)
  • Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University (IN)
  • University of Newcastle Australia (AU)
  • North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University (US)
  • University of Alberta (CA)
  • Tsinghua University (CN)
  • University of Wuppertal (DE)
  • Foshan University (CN)
  • Kansas State University (US)
Corresponding author
Bolan, Nanthi
Venue
Science of The Total Environment
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2024-03
Volume
914
Pages
169585
ISSN
0048-9697 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W4390276564
Cited by
209
References
315
Citations by year
2026: 87 · 2025: 92 · 2024: 30
FWCI
31.14
Type
journal article
Language
en
Status
Retracted
Open access
Locations
  • The Science of The Total Environment (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • UWA Profiles and Research Repository (University of Western Australia) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • NOVA (University of Newcastle Australia) (submittedVersion)
Funders
National Health and Medical Research Council
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Soil Science › Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Thermochemical Biomass Conversion Processes
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Soil Science › Humic Substances and Bio-Organic Studies
Keywords
biochar, soil biological health, soil microbial diversity, soil amendment, soil microaggregates, soil carbon storage, soil remediation, greenhouse gas emissions reduction, plant pathogen suppression, nutrient immobilization, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, potentially toxic elements
MeSH terms
Carbon, Charcoal, Environmental Pollution, Soil, Soil Pollutants

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