Affective instability: measuring a core feature of borderline personality disorder with ecological momentary assessment.
Abstract
Ecological momentary assessment (EMA; Stone & Shiffman, 1994) was used to characterize and quantify a dynamic process--affective instability in borderline personality disorder (BPD). Sixty outpatients (34 with BPD and affective instability; 26 with current depressive disorder but not with BPD or affective instability) carried electronic diaries for approximately 1 month and were randomly prompted to rate their mood state up to 6 times a day. Results indicated that BPD patients (a) did not report significantly different mean levels of positive or negative affect; (b) displayed significantly more variability over time in their positive and negative affect scores; (c) demonstrated significantly more instability on successive scores (i.e., large changes) for hostility, fear, and sadness than did patients with depressive disorders; and (d) were more likely to report extreme changes across successive occasions (>or=90th percentile of change scores across participants) for hostility scores. Results illustrate different analytic approaches to quantifying variability and instability of affect based on intensive longitudinal data. Further, results suggest the promise of electronic diaries for collecting data from individuals in their natural environment for purposes of clinical research and assessment.
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- Authors
- Trull, T. J., Solhan, M. B., Tragesser, S. L., Jahng, S., Wood, P. K., Piasecki, T. M., & Watson, D.
- Affiliations
- University of Missouri (US)
- University of Iowa (US)
- ORCID
- Venue
- Journal of Abnormal Psychology
- Published
- 2008-08
- Volume
- 117
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 647-661
- ISSN
- 0021-843X (ISSN-L)
- 1939-1846
- OpenAlex
- W2072364128
- Cited by
- 503
- References
- 29
- Citations by year
- 2026: 21 · 2025: 18 · 2024: 20 · 2023: 21 · 2022: 23 · 2021: 44 · 2020: 39 · 2019: 34 · 2018: 36 · 2017: 24 · 2016: 36 · 2015: 46 · 2014: 20 · 2013: 26 · 2012: 35
- FWCI
- 21.86
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Abnormal Psychology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (MH-69472)
- Borderline Personality Disorder Research Foundation
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Disorders and Psychopathology
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Mental Health Research Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Bipolar Disorder and Treatment
- Keywords
- neuroticism, borderline personality disorder, ecological momentary assessment, electronic diary, affective variability, mood states, hostility, fear, sadness, depressive disorders, intensive longitudinal data, naturalistic assessment
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Affect, Borderline Personality Disorder, Depressive Disorder, Diagnosis, Differential, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Male, Models, Psychological, Social Environment, Mood Disorders, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
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