Epigenetics of posttraumatic stress disorder: current evidence, challenges, and future directions

Epigenetic programming by maternal behavior

Weaver, I. C. G., Cervoni, N., Champagne, F. A., D'Alessio, A. C., Sharma, S., Seckl, J. R., Dymov, S., Szyf, M., & Meaney, M. J. (2004) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn1276 · Cited by 6,177 · see citing works

Epigenetic regulation of the glucocorticoid receptor in human brain associates with childhood abuse

McGowan, P. O., Sasaki, A., D'Alessio, A. C., Dymov, S., Labonté, B., Szyf, M., Turecki, G., & Meaney, M. J. (2009) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.2270 · Cited by 3,531 · see citing works

Persistent epigenetic differences associated with prenatal exposure to famine in humans

Heijmans, B. T., Tobi, E. W., Stein, A. D., Putter, H., Blauw, G. J., Susser, E. S., Slagboom, P. E., & Lumey, L. H. (2008) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0806560105 · Cited by 3,082 · see citing works

The role of childhood trauma in the neurobiology of mood and anxiety disorders: preclinical and clinical studies

Heim, C., & Nemeroff, C. B. (2001) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(01)01157-x · Cited by 2,791 · see citing works

The Concepts of Stress and Stress System Disorders: Overview of Physical and Behavioral Homeostasis

Chrousos, G. P. (1992) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1992.03480090092034 · Cited by 2,689 · see citing works

Trauma and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in the Community: The 1996 Detroit Area Survey of Trauma

Breslau, N., Kessler, R. C., Chilcoat, H. D., Schultz, L. R., Davis, G. C., & Andreski, P. (1998) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.55.7.626 · Cited by 2,407 · see citing works

The Corticosteroid Receptor Hypothesis of Depression

Holsboer, F. (2000) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1016/s0893-133x(00)00159-7 · Cited by 2,181 · see citing works

Adverse childhood experiences, allostasis, allostatic load and age-related disease

Danese, A., & McEwen, B. S. (2012) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2011.08.019 · Cited by 2,140 · see citing works

Epigenetics and the environment: emerging patterns and implications

Feil, R., & Fraga, M. F. (2012) · Nature Reviews Genetics · doi:10.1038/nrg3142 · Cited by 1,929 · see citing works

Allele-specific FKBP5 DNA demethylation mediates gene–childhood trauma interactions

Klengel, T., Mehta, D., Anacker, C., Rex-Haffner, M., Pruessner, J. C., Pariante, C. M., Pace, T. W. W., Mercer, K. B., Mayberg, H. S., Bradley, B., et al. (2013) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.3275 · Cited by 1,447 · see citing works

Association of <emph type="ital">FKBP5</emph> Polymorphisms and Childhood Abuse With Risk of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms in Adults

Binder, E. B. (2008) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.299.11.1291 · Cited by 1,362 · see citing works

Parental olfactory experience influences behavior and neural structure in subsequent generations

Dias, B. G., & Ressler, K. J. (2014) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.3594 · Cited by 1,338 · see citing works

Childhood adversity and adult psychiatric disorder in the US National Comorbidity Survey

KESSLER, R. C., DAVIS, C. G., & KENDLER, K. S. (1997) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291797005588 · Cited by 1,298 · see citing works

The Epidemiology of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder after Disasters

Galea, S., Nandi, A., & Vlahov, D. (2005) · Epidemiologic Reviews · doi:10.1093/epirev/mxi003 · Cited by 1,287 · see citing works

Lasting epigenetic influence of early-life adversity on the BDNF gene

Roth, T. L., Lubin, F. D., Funk, A. J., & Sweatt, J. D. (2009) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2008.11.028 · Cited by 1,273 · see citing works

Childhood maltreatment predicts adult inflammation in a life-course study

Danese, A., Pariante, C. M., Caspi, A., Taylor, A., & Poulton, R. (2007) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0610362104 · Cited by 1,264 · see citing works

Child sexual abuse and subsequent psychopathology: results from the National Comorbidity Survey

Molnar, B. E., Buka, S. L., & Kessler, R. C. (2001) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.91.5.753 · Cited by 1,193 · see citing works

Adverse Childhood Experiences and Adult Risk Factors for Age-Related Disease: Depression, Inflammation, and Clustering of Metabolic Risk Markers

Danese, A., Moffitt, T. E., Harrington, H., Milne, B. J., Polanczyk, G., Pariante, C. M., Poulton, R., & Caspi, A. (2009) · Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine · doi:10.1001/archpediatrics.2009.214 · Cited by 1,165 · see citing works

Dynamic DNA methylation programs persistent adverse effects of early-life stress

Murgatroyd, C., Patchev, A. V., Wu, Y., Micale, V., Bockmühl, Y., Fischer, D., Holsboer, F., Wotjak, C. T., Almeida, O. F. X., & Spengler, D. (2009) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.2436 · Cited by 1,162 · see citing works

Epigenetic transmission of the impact of early stress across generations

Franklin, T. B., Russig, H., Weiss, I. C., Gräff, J., Linder, N., Michalon, A., Vizi, S., & Mansuy, I. M. (2010) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2010.05.036 · Cited by 1,125 · see citing works

Reversing DNA Methylation: Mechanisms, Genomics, and Biological Functions

Wu, H., & Zhang, Y. (2014) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2013.12.019 · Cited by 1,065 · see citing works

Current research trends in early life stress and depression: Review of human studies on sensitive periods, gene–environment interactions, and epigenetics

Heim, C., & Binder, E. B. (2012) · Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2011.10.032 · Cited by 986 · see citing works

Posttraumatic stress disorder in abused and neglected children grown up

Widom, C. S. (1999) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.156.8.1223 · Cited by 945 · see citing works

Molecular Signals of Epigenetic States

Bonasio, R., Tu, S., & Reinberg, D. (2010) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1191078 · Cited by 912 · see citing works

Paternal Stress Exposure Alters Sperm MicroRNA Content and Reprograms Offspring HPA Stress Axis Regulation

Rodgers, A. B., Morgan, C. P., Bronson, S. L., Revello, S., & Bale, T. L. (2013) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0914-13.2013 · Cited by 814 · see citing works

Post-traumatic stress disorder is associated with PACAP and the PAC1 receptor

Ressler, K. J., Mercer, K. B., Bradley, B., Jovanovic, T., Mahan, A., Kerley, K., Norrholm, S. D., Kilaru, V., Smith, A. K., Myers, A. J., et al. (2011) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature09856 · Cited by 800 · see citing works

Effects of the social environment and stress on glucocorticoid receptor gene methylation: A systematic review

Turecki, G., & Meaney, M. J. (2016) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2014.11.022 · Cited by 796 · see citing works

Stressful Life Events and Previous Episodes in the Etiology of Major Depression in Women: An Evaluation of the “Kindling” Hypothesis

Kendler, K. S., Thornton, L. M., & Gardner, C. O. (2000) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.157.8.1243 · Cited by 721 · see citing works

FK506-binding Proteins 51 and 52 Differentially Regulate Dynein Interaction and Nuclear Translocation of the Glucocorticoid Receptor in Mammalian Cells

Wochnik, G. M., Rüegg, J., Abel, G. A., Schmidt, U., Holsboer, F., & Rein, T. (2005) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m407498200 · Cited by 638 · see citing works

Fear conditioning, synaptic plasticity and the amygdala: implications for posttraumatic stress disorder

Mahan, A. L., & Ressler, K. J. (2011) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/j.tins.2011.06.007 · Cited by 616 · see citing works

Developmental neurobiology of childhood stress and trauma

Teicher, M. H., Andersen, S. L., Polcari, A., Anderson, C. M., & Navalta, C. P. (2002) · Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/s0193-953x(01)00003-x · Cited by 607 · see citing works

Genetic and Environmental Influences on Trauma Exposure and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms: A Twin Study

Stein, M. B., Jang, K. L., Taylor, S. J., Vernon, P. A., & Livesley, W. J. (2002) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.159.10.1675 · Cited by 602 · see citing works

Childhood physical abuse and combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder in Vietnam veterans.

Bremner, J., Southwick, S., Johnson, D. R., Yehuda, R., & Charney, D. (1993) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.150.2.235 · Cited by 590 · see citing works

Childhood maltreatment is associated with distinct genomic and epigenetic profiles in posttraumatic stress disorder

Mehta, D., Klengel, T., Conneely, K. N., Smith, A. K., Altmann, A., Pace, T. W., Rex-Haffner, M., Loeschner, A., Gonik, M., Mercer, K. B., et al. (2013) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1217750110 · Cited by 548 · see citing works

Epigenetic and immune function profiles associated with posttraumatic stress disorder

Uddin, M., Aiello, A. E., Wildman, D. E., Koenen, K. C., Pawelec, G., de los Santos, R., Goldmann, E., & Galea, S. (2010) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0910794107 · Cited by 518 · see citing works

Increased methylation of glucocorticoid receptor gene (NR3C1) in adults with a history of childhood maltreatment: a link with the severity and type of trauma

Perroud, N., Paoloni-Giacobino, A., Prada, P., Olié, E., Salzmann, A., Nicastro, R., Guillaume, S., Mouthon, D., Stouder, C., Dieben, K., et al. (2011) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/tp.2011.60 · Cited by 516 · see citing works

Influences of maternal and paternal PTSD on epigenetic regulation of the glucocorticoid receptor gene in Holocaust survivor offspring

Yehuda, R., Daskalakis, N. P., Lehrner, A., Desarnaud, F., Bader, H. N., Makotkine, I., Flory, J. D., Bierer, L. M., & Meaney, M. J. (2014) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2014.13121571 · Cited by 514 · see citing works

Childhood Adversity and Epigenetic Modulation of the Leukocyte Glucocorticoid Receptor: Preliminary Findings in Healthy Adults

Tyrka, A. R., Price, L. H., Marsit, C., Walters, O. C., & Carpenter, L. L. (2012) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0030148 · Cited by 486 · see citing works

Epigenetic mechanisms in neurological disease

Jakovcevski, M., & Akbarian, S. (2012) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm.2828 · Cited by 450 · see citing works

Reference-free cell mixture adjustments in analysis of DNA methylation data

Houseman, E. A., Molitor, J., & Marsit, C. J. (2014) · Bioinformatics · doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btu029 · Cited by 441 · see citing works

Resilience to social stress coincides with functional DNA methylation of the Crf gene in adult mice

Elliott, E., Ezra-Nevo, G., Regev, L., Neufeld-Cohen, A., & Chen, A. (2010) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.2642 · Cited by 436 · see citing works

DSM-5 and RDoC: progress in psychiatry research?

Casey, B. J., Craddock, N., Cuthbert, B. N., Hyman, S. E., Lee, F. S., & Ressler, K. J. (2013) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn3621 · Cited by 434 · see citing works

Status of Glucocorticoid Alterations in Post‐traumatic Stress Disorder

Yehuda, R. (2009) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.04979.x · Cited by 409 · see citing works

Child maltreatment and HPA axis dysregulation: relationship to major depressive disorder and post traumatic stress disorder in females

Shea, A., Walsh, C., MacMillan, H., & Steiner, M. (2005) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2004.07.001 · Cited by 378 · see citing works

Epigenetic biomarkers as predictors and correlates of symptom improvement following psychotherapy in combat veterans with PTSD

Yehuda, R., Daskalakis, N. P., Desarnaud, F., Makotkine, I., Lehrner, A. L., Koch, E., Flory, J. D., Buxbaum, J. D., Meaney, M. J., & Bierer, L. M. (2013) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2013.00118 · Cited by 358 · see citing works

Differential immune system DNA methylation and cytokine regulation in post-traumatic stress disorder

Smith, A. K., Conneely, K. N., Kilaru, V., Mercer, K. B., Weiss, T. E., Bradley, B., Tang, Y., Gillespie, C. F., Cubells, J. F., & Ressler, K. J. (2011) · American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B: Neuropsychiatric Genetics · doi:10.1002/ajmg.b.31212 · Cited by 355 · see citing works

Early Prenatal Stress Epigenetically Programs Dysmasculinization in Second-Generation Offspring via the Paternal Lineage

Morgan, C. P., & Bale, T. L. (2011) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1887-11.2011 · Cited by 346 · see citing works

The Tutsi genocide and transgenerational transmission of maternal stress: Epigenetics and biology of the HPA axis

Perroud, N., Rutembesa, E., Paoloni-Giacobino, A., Mutabaruka, J., Mutesa, L., Stenz, L., Malafosse, A., & Karege, F. (2014) · The World Journal of Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.3109/15622975.2013.866693 · Cited by 336 · see citing works

Interaction of FKBP5 with childhood adversity on risk for post-traumatic stress disorder

Xie, P., Kranzler, H. R., Poling, J., Stein, M. B., Anton, R. F., Farrer, L. A., & Gelernter, J. (2010) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2010.37 · Cited by 327 · see citing works

A short review on the psychoneuroimmunology of posttraumatic stress disorder: from risk factors to medical comorbidities

Pace, T. W. W., & Heim, C. M. (2011) · Brain, Behavior, and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2010.10.003 · Cited by 321 · see citing works

The signature of maternal rearing in the methylome in rhesus macaque prefrontal cortex and T cells

Provençal, N., Suderman, M. J., Guillemin, C., Massart, R., Ruggiero, A., Wang, D., Bennett, A. J., Pierre, P. J., Friedman, D. P., Côté, S. M., et al. (2012) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1470-12.2012 · Cited by 312 · see citing works

Lower Methylation of Glucocorticoid Receptor Gene Promoter 1F in Peripheral Blood of Veterans with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

Yehuda, R., Flory, J. D., Bierer, L. M., Henn-Haase, C., Lehrner, A., Desarnaud, F., Makotkine, I., Daskalakis, N. P., Marmar, C. R., & Meaney, M. J. (2015) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2014.02.006 · Cited by 293 · see citing works

PTSD is associated with an excess of inflammatory immune activities

Gill, J. M., Saligan, L., Woods, S., & Page, G. (2009) · Perspectives in Psychiatric Care · doi:10.1111/j.1744-6163.2009.00229.x · Cited by 271 · see citing works

Maternal Care and DNA Methylation of a Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase 1 Promoter in Rat Hippocampus

Zhang, T., Hellstrom, I. C., Bagot, R. C., Wen, X., Diorio, J. C., & Meaney, M. J. (2010) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1039-10.2010 · Cited by 269 · see citing works

Gene–environment interactions at the FKBP5 locus: sensitive periods, mechanisms and pleiotropism

Zannas, A. S., & Binder, E. B. (2013) · Genes Brain & Behavior · doi:10.1111/gbb.12104 · Cited by 268 · see citing works

Methylation matters: interaction between methylation density and serotonin transporter genotype predicts unresolved loss or trauma

van IJzendoorn, M. H., Caspers, K., Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J., Beach, S. R. H., & Philibert, R. (2010) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2010.05.008 · Cited by 264 · see citing works

The effects of early life stress on the epigenome: From the womb to adulthood and even before

Provençal, N., & Binder, E. B. (2015) · Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2014.09.001 · Cited by 255 · see citing works

Longitudinal changes of telomere length and epigenetic age related to traumatic stress and post-traumatic stress disorder

Boks, M. P., Mierlo, H. C. V., Rutten, B. P. F., Radstake, T. R. D. J., De Witte, L., Geuze, E., Horvath, S., Schalkwyk, L. C., Vinkers, C. H., Broen, J. C. A., et al. (2015) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2014.07.011 · Cited by 231 · see citing works

Gene × environment vulnerability factors for PTSD: The HPA-axis

Mehta, D., & Binder, E. B. (2011) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2011.03.009 · Cited by 211 · see citing works

Epigenetics and the regulation of stress vulnerability and resilience

Zannas, A. S., & West, A. E. (2014) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2013.12.003 · Cited by 211 · see citing works

Methylation at 5htt mediates the impact of child sex abuse on women’s antisocial behavior: an examination of the iowa adoptee sample

Beach, S. R. H., Brody, G. H., Todorov, A. A., Gunter, T. D., & Philibert, R. A. (2011) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/psy.0b013e3181fdd074 · Cited by 195 · see citing works

PTSD and gene variants: new pathways and new thinking

Skelton, K., Ressler, K. J., Norrholm, S. D., Jovanovic, T., & Bradley-Davino, B. (2012) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2011.02.013 · Cited by 191 · see citing works

Epigenetic Mechanisms in Learned Fear: Implications for PTSD

Zovkic, I. B., & Sweatt, J. D. (2012) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2012.79 · Cited by 186 · see citing works

Increased peripheral NF-κB pathway activity in women with childhood abuse-related posttraumatic stress disorder

Pace, T. W. W., Wingenfeld, K., Schmidt, I., Meinlschmidt, G., Hellhammer, D. H., & Heim, C. M. (2012) · Brain, Behavior, and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2011.07.232 · Cited by 184 · see citing works

SLC6A4 methylation modifies the effect of the number of traumatic events on risk for posttraumatic stress disorder

Koenen, K. C., Uddin, M., Chang, S.-C., Aiello, A. E., Wildman, D. E., Goldmann, E., & Galea, S. (2011) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.20825 · Cited by 174 · see citing works

Epigenetic modification of the glucocorticoid receptor gene is linked to traumatic memory and post-traumatic stress disorder risk in genocide survivors

Vukojevic, V., Kolassa, I.-T., Fastenrath, M., Gschwind, L., Spalek, K., Milnik, A., Heck, A., Vogler, C., Wilker, S., Demougin, P., et al. (2014) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1526-14.2014 · Cited by 168 · see citing works

Epigenetic modulation of glucocorticoid receptors in posttraumatic stress disorder

Labonté, B., Azoulay, N., Yerko, V, Turecki, G., & Brunet, A. (2014) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/tp.2014.3 · Cited by 162 · see citing works

The role of interleukin-18 in the metabolic syndrome

Trøseid, M., Seljeflot, I., & Arnesen, H. (2010) · Cardiovascular Diabetology · doi:10.1186/1475-2840-9-11 · Cited by 155 · see citing works

Interplay Between Different Epigenetic Modifications and Mechanisms

Murr, R. (2010) · Advances in genetics · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-380866-0.60005-8 · Cited by 149 · see citing works

Early life epigenetic programming and transmission of stress‐induced traits in mammals: How and when can environmental factors influence traits and their transgenerational inheritance?

Gapp, K., von Ziegler, L., Tweedie‐Cullen, R. Y., & Mansuy, I. M. (2014) · BioEssays · doi:10.1002/bies.201300116 · Cited by 136 · see citing works

DNA Methylation in Repetitive Elements and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: A Case–Control Study of US Military Service Members

Rusiecki, J. A., Chen, L., Srikantan, V., Zhang, L., Yan, L., Polin, M., & Baccarelli, A. (2012) · Epigenomics · doi:10.2217/epi.11.116 · Cited by 132 · see citing works

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder

Wentworth, B. A., Stein, M. B., Redwine, L. S., Xue, Y., Taub, P. R., Clopton, P., Nayak, K. R., & Maisel, A. S. (2012) · Cardiology in Review · doi:10.1097/crd.0b013e318265343b · Cited by 130 · see citing works

Effects of Genotype and Child Abuse on DNA Methylation and Gene Expression at the Serotonin Transporter

Vijayendran, M., Beach, S. R. H., Plume, J. M., Brody, G. H., & Philibert, R. A. (2012) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2012.00055 · Cited by 126 · see citing works

FK506-Binding Protein 51 Regulates Nuclear Transport of the Glucocorticoid Receptor β and Glucocorticoid Responsiveness

Zhang, X., Clark, A. F., & Yorio, T. (2008) · Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science · doi:10.1167/iovs.07-1279 · Cited by 116 · see citing works

A measure of glucocorticoid load provided by DNA methylation of Fkbp5 in mice

Lee, R. S., Tamashiro, K. L., Yang, X., Purcell, R. H., Huo, Y., Rongione, M. A., Potash, J. B., & Wand, G. S. (2011) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-011-2307-3 · Cited by 109 · see citing works

Conditioned fear associated phenotypes as robust, translational indices of trauma-, stressor-, and anxiety-related behaviors

Briscione, M. A., Jovanovic, T., & Norrholm, S. D. (2014) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2014.00088 · Cited by 105 · see citing works

Alterations in DNA methylation of Fkbp5 as a determinant of blood–brain correlation of glucocorticoid exposure

Ewald, E. R., Wand, G. S., Seifuddin, F., Yang, X., Tamashiro, K. L., Potash, J. B., Zandi, P., & Lee, R. S. (2014) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2014.03.003 · Cited by 105 · see citing works

Differential genetic and epigenetic regulation of catechol-O-methyltransferase is associated with impaired fear inhibition in posttraumatic stress disorder

Norrholm, S. D., Jovanovic, T., Smith, A. K., Binder, E., Klengel, T., Conneely, K., Mercer, K. B., Davis, J. S., Kerley, K., Winkler, J., et al. (2013) · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2013.00030 · Cited by 104 · see citing works

Higher FKBP5, COMT, CHRNA5, and CRHR1 allele burdens are associated with PTSD and interact with trauma exposure: implications for neuropsychiatric research and treatment

Boscarino, J., Erlich, P., Hoffman, S., & Zhang, X.-P. (2012) · Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment · doi:10.2147/ndt.s29508 · Cited by 100 · see citing works

PTSD and DNA Methylation in Select Immune Function Gene Promoter Regions: A Repeated Measures Case-Control Study of U.S. Military Service Members

Rusiecki, J. A., Byrne, C., Galdzicki, Z., Srikantan, V., Chen, L., Poulin, M., Yan, L., & Baccarelli, A. (2013) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2013.00056 · Cited by 99 · see citing works

A System-Level Transcriptomic Analysis of Schizophrenia Using Postmortem Brain Tissue Samples

Roussos, P., Katsel, P., Davis, K. L., Siever, L. J., & Haroutunian, V. (2012) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2012.704 · Cited by 92 · see citing works

Epigenetic mechanisms in fear conditioning: Implications for treating post-traumatic stress disorder

Kwapis, J. L., & Wood, M. A. (2014) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/j.tins.2014.08.005 · Cited by 87 · see citing works

Conserved Higher-Order Chromatin Regulates NMDA Receptor Gene Expression and Cognition

Bharadwaj, R., Peter, C. J., Jiang, Y., Roussos, P., Vogel-Ciernia, A., Shen, E. Y., Mitchell, A. C., Mao, W., Whittle, C., Dincer, A., et al. (2014) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2014.10.032 · Cited by 84 · see citing works

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Posttraumatic Growth Among Adult Survivors of Wenchuan Earthquake After 1 Year: Prevalence and Correlates

Jin, Y., Xu, J., Hai, L., & Liu, D. (2013) · Archives of Psychiatric Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.apnu.2013.10.010 · Cited by 82 · see citing works

Molecular Variation at the SLC6A3 Locus Predicts Lifetime Risk of PTSD in the Detroit Neighborhood Health Study

Chang, S.-C., Koenen, K. C., Galea, S., Aiello, A. E., Soliven, R., Wildman, D. E., & Uddin, M. (2012) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0039184 · Cited by 81 · see citing works

“Seq-ing” Insights into the Epigenetics of Neuronal Gene Regulation

Telese, F., Gamliel, A., Skowronska‐Krawczyk, D., García-Bassets, I., & Rosenfeld, M. G. (2013) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2013.01.034 · Cited by 76 · see citing works

Gene expression and methylation signatures of MAN2C1 are associated with PTSD

Koenen, K. C., Chang, S.-C., Santos, R. D. L., Galea, S., Uddin, M., Aiello, A. E., & Wildman, D. E. (2020) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · doi:10.3233/dma-2011-0750 · Cited by 76 · see citing works

Gene Expression and Methylation Signatures of<i>MAN2C1</i>are Associated with PTSD

Uddin, M., Galea, S., Chang, S.-C., Aiello, A. E., Wildman, D. E., de los Santos, R., & Koenen, K. C. (2011) · Disease Markers · doi:10.1155/2011/513659 · Cited by 60 · see citing works

Epigenetic Signatures May Explain the Relationship between Socioeconomic Position and Risk of Mental Illness: Preliminary Findings from an Urban Community-Based Sample

Uddin, M., Galea, S., Chang, S. C., Koenen, K. C., Goldmann, E., Wildman, D. E., & Aiello, A. E. (2013) · Biodemography and Social Biology · doi:10.1080/19485565.2013.774627 · Cited by 39 · see citing works

Brain Environment Interactions: Stress, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, and the Need for a Postmortem Brain Collection

Osuch, E. A., Ursano, R. J., He, L., Webster, M. J., Hough, C., Fullerton, C. S., & Leskin, G. A. (2004) · Psychiatry · doi:10.1521/psyc.67.4.353.56565 · Cited by 18 · see citing works

Military Service Members

Hall, L. K. (2016) · doi:10.4324/9780203761984-11 · Cited by 10 · see citing works

Post-traumatic stress disorder.

Yehuda, R., Hoge, C. W., McFarlane, A. C., Vermetten, E., Lanius, R. A., Nievergelt, C. M., Hobfoll, S. E., Koenen, K. C., Neylan, T. C., & Hyman, S. E. (2015) · Nature Reviews Disease Primers · doi:10.1038/nrdp.2015.57 · Cited by 870 · see citing works

Intergenerational transmission of trauma effects: putative role of epigenetic mechanisms

Yehuda, R., & Lehrner, A. (2018) · World Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/wps.20568 · Cited by 730 · see citing works

Post‐traumatic stress disorder: a state‐of‐the‐art review of evidence and challenges

Bryant, R. A. (2019) · World Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/wps.20656 · Cited by 528 · see citing works

Developmental Trajectories of Early Life Stress and Trauma: A Narrative Review on Neurobiological Aspects Beyond Stress System Dysregulation

Agorastos, A., Pervanidou, P., Chrousos, G. P., & Baker, D. G. (2019) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00118 · Cited by 385 · see citing works

Yoga, Meditation and Mind-Body Health: Increased BDNF, Cortisol Awakening Response, and Altered Inflammatory Marker Expression after a 3-Month Yoga and Meditation Retreat

Cahn, B. R., Goodman, M. S., Peterson, C. T., Maturi, R., & Mills, P. J. (2017) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2017.00315 · Cited by 292 · see citing works

It is time to address the crisis in the pharmacotherapy of posttraumatic stress disorder: A consensus statement of the PTSD psychopharmacology working group

Krystal, J. H., Davis, L. L., Neylan, T. C., A. Raskind, M., Schnurr, P. P., Stein, M. B., Vessicchio, J., Shiner, B., Gleason, T. D., & Huang, G. D. (2017) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2017.03.007 · Cited by 265 · see citing works

Hidden Burdens: a Review of Intergenerational, Historical and Complex Trauma, Implications for Indigenous Families

O’Neill, L., Fraser, T., Kitchenham, A., & McDonald, V. (2018) · Journal of Child &amp; Adolescent Trauma · doi:10.1007/s40653-016-0117-9 · Cited by 177 · see citing works

The genetics and epigenetics of PTSD: overview, recent advances, and future directions

Sheerin, C. M., Lind, M. J., Bountress, K. E., Nugent, N. R., & Amstadter, A. B. (2017) · Current Opinion in Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.copsyc.2016.09.003 · Cited by 118 · see citing works

The role of epigenetics in psychological resilience

Smeeth, D., Beck, S., Karam, E. G., & Pluess, M. (2021) · The Lancet Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s2215-0366(20)30515-0 · Cited by 108 · see citing works

An epigenome-wide DNA methylation study of PTSD and depression in World Trade Center responders

Kuan, P.-F., Waszczuk, M. A., Kotov, R., Marsit, C. J., Guffanti, G., Gonzalez, A., Yang, X., Koenen, K., Bromet, E., & Luft, B. J. (2017) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/tp.2017.130 · Cited by 103 · see citing works

Methylation of FKBP5 and SLC6A4 in relation to treatment response to mindfulness based stress reduction for posttraumatic stress disorder

Bishop, J. R., Lee, A. M., Mills, L. J., Thuras, P. D., Eum, S., Clancy, D., Erbes, C. R., Polusny, M. A., Lamberty, G. J., & Lim, K. O. (2018) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00418 · Cited by 98 · see citing works

Hypothesis: The Psychedelic Ayahuasca Heals Traumatic Memories via a Sigma 1 Receptor-Mediated Epigenetic-Mnemonic Process

Inserra, A. (2018) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2018.00330 · Cited by 91 · see citing works

Oxytocin receptor DNA methylation and alterations of brain volumes in maltreated children

Fujisawa, T. X., Nishitani, S., Takiguchi, S., Shimada, K., Smith, A. K., & Tomoda, A. (2019) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/s41386-019-0414-8 · Cited by 85 · see citing works

Epigenetic alterations of the <i><scp>BDNF</scp></i> gene in combat‐related post‐traumatic stress disorder

Kim, T. Y., Kim, S. J., Chung, H. G., Choi, J. H., Kim, S. H., & Kang, J. I. (2017) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/acps.12675 · Cited by 76 · see citing works

Early life trauma, depression and the glucocorticoid receptor gene—An epigenetic perspective

Smart, C., Strathdee, G., Watson, S., Murgatroyd, C., & McAllister-Williams, R. H. (2015) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291715001555 · Cited by 61 · see citing works

Dysregulation of miR-15a-5p, miR-497a-5p and miR-511-5p Is Associated with Modulation of BDNF and FKBP5 in Brain Areas of PTSD-Related Susceptible and Resilient Mice

Maurel, O. M., Torrisi, S. A., Barbagallo, C., Purrello, M., Salomone, S., Drago, F., Ragusa, M., & Leggio, G. M. (2021) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms22105157 · Cited by 44 · see citing works

Dynamic DNA methylation changes in the COMT gene promoter region in response to mental stress and its modulation by transcranial direct current stimulation

Wiegand, A., Blickle, A., Brückmann, C., Weller, S., Nieratschker, V., & Plewnia, C. (2021) · Biomolecules · doi:10.3390/biom11111726 · Cited by 19 · see citing works

Epigenetic changes associated with early life experiences: saliva, a biospecimen for dna methylation signatures

Bearer, E. L., & Mulligan, B. S. (2018) · Current Genomics · doi:10.2174/1389202919666180307150508 · Cited by 19 · see citing works

Genome to Phenome: A Systems Biology Approach to PTSD Using an Animal Model

Chakraborty, N., Meyerhoff, J., Jett, M., & Hammamieh, R. (2017) · Methods in Molecular Biology · doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-6952-4_6 · Cited by 14 · see citing works

Gene expression associated with PTSD in World Trade Center responders: An RNA sequencing study

Kuan, P.-F., Waszczuk, M. A., Kotov, R., Clouston, S., Yang, X., Singh, P. K., Glenn, S. T., Cortes Gomez, E., Wang, J., Bromet, E., et al. (2017) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41398-017-0050-1 · Cited by 80 · see citing works

Global DNA Methylation is influenced by smoking behavior

Muschler, M., Hillemacher, T., Frieling, H., et al. (2007) · Pharmacopsychiatry · doi:10.1055/s-2007-991871

Supplemental Material for Do Older Veterans Experience Change in Posttraumatic Cognitions Following Treatment for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder?

(2021) · Psychological Trauma Theory Research Practice and Policy · doi:10.1037/tra0001119.supp

The DNA methylome of human sperm is distinct from blood with little evidence for tissue-consistent obesity associations

Åsenius, F., Gorrie-Stone, T. J., Brew, A., Panchbhaya, Y., Williamson, E., Schalkwyk, L. C., Rakyan, V. K., Holland, M. L., Marzi, S. J., & Williams, D. J. (2020) · PLoS Genetics · doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1009035 · Cited by 19 · see citing works

Arachidonic and oleic acid exert distinct effects on the DNA methylome

Silva-Martínez, G. A., Rodríguez‐Ríos, D., Alvarado‐Caudillo, Y., Vaquero, A., Esteller, M., Carmona, F. J., Morán, S., Nielsen, F. C., Lindholm, M., Wróbel, K., et al. (2016) · Epigenetics · doi:10.1080/15592294.2016.1161873 · Cited by 72 · see citing works

The potential of DNA methylation as a biomarker for obesity and smoking

Heikkinen, A., Bollepalli, S., & Ollikainen, M. (2022) · Journal of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1111/joim.13496 · Cited by 68 · see citing works