Crystal structure of Cas9 in complex with guide RNA and target DNA
Open accessAbstract
The CRISPR-associated endonuclease Cas9 can be targeted to specific genomic loci by single guide RNAs (sgRNAs). Here, we report the crystal structure of Streptococcus pyogenes Cas9 in complex with sgRNA and its target DNA at 2.5 Å resolution. The structure revealed a bilobed architecture composed of target recognition and nuclease lobes, accommodating the sgRNA:DNA heteroduplex in a positively charged groove at their interface. Whereas the recognition lobe is essential for binding sgRNA and DNA, the nuclease lobe contains the HNH and RuvC nuclease domains, which are properly positioned for cleavage of the complementary and noncomplementary strands of the target DNA, respectively. The nuclease lobe also contains a carboxyl-terminal domain responsible for the interaction with the protospacer adjacent motif (PAM). This high-resolution structure and accompanying functional analyses have revealed the molecular mechanism of RNA-guided DNA targeting by Cas9, thus paving the way for the rational design of new, versatile genome-editing technologies.
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SpCas9-NG shows reduced editing efficiency on 5′-NGC-3′ PAM targets and tends to increase off-target activity.
“For example, SpCas9-NG shows reduced editing efficiency on 5′-NGC-3′ PAM targets and tends to increase off-target activity (Nishimasu et al., 2014).”
From Emerging applications of gene editing technologies for the development of climate-resilient crops (2025) · cites this paper as Nishimasu et al., 2014
The Results section on PAM specificity examines SpCas9 and PI-domain chimeras at NGG and NGGNG PAMs, not SpCas9-NG at NGC targets. A search of our copy for SpCas9-NG, NGC editing efficiency, and off-target activity found no passage assessing the claimed effects. (LLM, conf=0.75)
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- Authors
- Nishimasu, H., Ran, F. A., Hsu, P. D., Konermann, S., Shehata, S. I., Dohmae, N., Ishitani, R., Zhang, F., & Nureki, O.
- Affiliations
- Japan Science and Technology Agency (JP)
- Broad Institute (US)
- RIKEN (JP)
- The University of Tokyo (JP)
- Corresponding author
- Zhang, Feng
- Nureki, Osamu
- ORCID
- Venue
- Cell
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2014-02
- Volume
- 156
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 935-949
- ISSN
- 0092-8674 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4139937
- OpenAlex
- W2107959600
- Cited by
- 2,306
- References
- 77
- Citations by year
- 2026: 130 · 2025: 193 · 2024: 221 · 2023: 177 · 2022: 229 · 2021: 218 · 2020: 215 · 2019: 212 · 2018: 191 · 2017: 193 · 2016: 149 · 2015: 93 · 2014: 80 · 2013: 2
- FWCI
- 70.34
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Cell (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- DSpace@MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
- PMC
- Funders
- PRESTO from the Japan Science and Technology (JST) Agency
- Drug Discovery and Informatics
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS)
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST)
- Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST)
- NIH (5DP1-MH100706)
- Keck
- McKnight
- Poitras
- Merkin
- Vallee
- Damon Runyon
- Searle Scholars
- Klingenstein
- Simons Foundations
- Bob Metcalfe
- Jane Pauley
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › CRISPR and Genetic Engineering
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › RNA regulation and disease
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Materials Chemistry › Enzyme Structure and Function
- Keywords
- CRISPR/Cas12a, guide RNA, target DNA, RNA-guided DNA cleavage, protospacer adjacent motif, genome editing, crystal structure
- MeSH terms
- Amino Acid Sequence, Bacteria, DNA, Bacterial, Endonucleases, Models, Molecular, Molecular Sequence Data, RNA, Bacterial, Streptococcus pyogenes, Sequence Alignment, Protein Structure, Tertiary, Crystallography, X-Ray, RNA, Small Untranslated, CRISPR-Associated Proteins
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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