The DOI matches its Crossref record; 128 of the 129 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Metabolic Flexibility in Health and Disease
Open accessAbstract
Metabolic flexibility is the ability to respond or adapt to conditional changes in metabolic demand. This broad concept has been propagated to explain insulin resistance and mechanisms governing fuel selection between glucose and fatty acids, highlighting the metabolic inflexibility of obesity and type 2 diabetes. In parallel, contemporary exercise physiology research has helped to identify potential mechanisms underlying altered fuel metabolism in obesity and diabetes. Advances in "omics" technologies have further stimulated additional basic and clinical-translational research to further interrogate mechanisms for improved metabolic flexibility in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue with the goal of preventing and treating metabolic disease.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“during insulin stimulation, obese individuals and patients with T2DM are not able to increase the RER value to the same extent as lean individuals”
From Effect of Exercise Training on Fat Loss—Energetic Perspectives and the Role of Improved Adipose Tissue Function and Body Fat Distribution (2021) · cites this paper as Goodpaster and Sparks, 2017
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“In the resting state, obese people have a higher RER value when compared with lean individuals, meaning a larger fraction of the energy expended derives from carbohydrate oxidation, an effect that is even more pronounced in patients with T2DM”
From Effect of Exercise Training on Fat Loss—Energetic Perspectives and the Role of Improved Adipose Tissue Function and Body Fat Distribution (2021) · cites this paper as Goodpaster and Sparks, 2017
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Metabolic flexibility, the ability to switch between fat and carbohydrate oxidation with varying energy requirements seems to be important for proper metabolic regulation”
From Effect of Exercise Training on Fat Loss—Energetic Perspectives and the Role of Improved Adipose Tissue Function and Body Fat Distribution (2021) · cites this paper as Goodpaster and Sparks, 2017
In the citing paper
“MetFlex-lip during exercise has been considered previously as the level of exercise-induced lipid oxidation, without considering lipid availability (13).”
From Metabolic flexibility to lipid availability during exercise is enhanced in individuals with high insulin sensitivity (2018) · cites this paper as [13]
In the citing paper
“As diabetes is associated with impaired metabolic flexibility [176]”
From Targeting Intramyocellular Lipids to Improve Aging Muscle Function (2025) · cites this paper as [176]
In the citing paper
“As discussed previously, metabolic flexibility relies on the action of insulin and glucagon major regulators of glucose metabolism in response to dietary stage (107) (see “Feeding/fasting”, “Biochemical transition between feeding and fasting”, and “Prolonged fasting and caloric/dietary restriction”).”
From Metabolic Flexibility as an Adaptation to Energy Resources and Requirements in Health and Disease (2018) · cites this paper as [107]
In the citing paper
“great progress has been made over the past few decades to understand its underpinnings”
From Metabolic Flexibility as an Adaptation to Energy Resources and Requirements in Health and Disease (2018) · cites this paper as [107]
In the citing paper
“the body readily shifts between metabolic fuels during carbohydrate restriction to maintain energy and blood glucose”
From FGF21 and the physiological regulation of macronutrient preference (2020) · cites this paper as [37]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Role of Insulin Resistance in Human Disease
Reaven, G. M. (1988) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diab.37.12.1595 · Cited by 12,154
The metabolic phenotype in obesity: Fat mass, body fat distribution, and adipose tissue function
Goossens, G. H. (2017) · Obesity Facts · doi:10.1159/000471488 · Cited by 8,481
Eckel, R. H., Alberti, K., Grundy, S. M., & Zimmet, P. (2010) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(09)61794-3 · Cited by 6,317
Eckel, R. H., Grundy, S. M., & Zimmet, P. (2005) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(05)66378-7 · Cited by 5,755
Randle, P. J., Garland, P. B., Hales, C. N., & Newsholme, E. A. (1963) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(63)91500-9 · Cited by 5,093
A PGC1-α-dependent myokine that drives brown-fat-like development of white fat and thermogenesis
Boström, P., Wu, J., Jedrychowski, M. P., Korde, A., Ye, L., Lo, J. C., Rasbach, K. A., Boström, E. A., Choi, J. H., Long, J. Z., et al. (2012) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature10777 · Cited by 4,810
Lehmann, J. M., Moore, L. B., Smith-Oliver, T. A., Wilkison, W. O., Willson, T. M., & Kliewer, S. A. (1995) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.270.22.12953 · Cited by 3,645
Fox, C. S., Massaro, J. M., Hoffmann, U., Pou, K. M., Maurovich-Horvat, P., Liu, C.-Y., Vasan, R. S., Murabito, J. M., Meigs, J. B., Cupples, L. A., et al. (2007) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.106.675355 · Cited by 2,882
Skeletal Muscle Insulin Resistance Is the Primary Defect in Type 2 Diabetes
DeFronzo, R. A., & Tripathy, D. (2009) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc09-s302 · Cited by 2,102 · cited 3×
“, 2012), and an enormous body of work supports a causal role for skeletal muscle insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes (DeFronzo and Tripathy, 2009; Petersen et al., 2007).”
Exercise Metabolism and the Molecular Regulation of Skeletal Muscle Adaptation
Egan, B., & Zierath, J. R. (2013) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2012.12.012 · Cited by 2,084
Koves, T. R., Ussher, J. R., Noland, R. C., Slentz, D., Mosedale, M., Ilkayeva, O., Bain, J., Stevens, R., Dyck, J. R. B., Newgard, C. B., et al. (2008) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2007.10.013 · Cited by 1,990
Romijn, J. A., Coyle, E. F., Sidossis, L. S., Gastaldelli, A., Horowitz, J. F., Endert, E., & Wolfe, R. R. (1993) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.1993.265.3.e380 · Cited by 1,747
Yu, C., Chen, Y., Cline, G. W., Zhang, D., Zong, H., Wang, Y., Bergeron, R., Kim, J. K., Cushman, S. W., Cooney, G. J., et al. (2002) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m200958200 · Cited by 1,561
Itani, S. I., Ruderman, N. B., Schmieder, F., & Boden, G. (2002) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diabetes.51.7.2005 · Cited by 1,390
Grundy, S. M. (2010) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-5839-6_1 · Cited by 1,227
AMPK and PPARδ Agonists Are Exercise Mimetics
Narkar, V. A., Downes, M., Yu, R. T., Embler, E., Wang, Y.-X., Banayo, E., Mihaylova, M. M., Nelson, M. C., Zou, Y., Juguilon, H., et al. (2008) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2008.06.051 · Cited by 1,222
Integrative Biology of Exercise
Hawley, J. A., Hargreaves, M., Joyner, M. J., & Zierath, J. R. (2014) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2014.10.029 · Cited by 1,152
Disordered lipid metabolism and the pathogenesis of insulin resistance.
Savage, D. B., Petersen, K. F., & Shulman, G. I. (2007) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00024.2006 · Cited by 1,107
Kelley, D. E., Goodpaster, B., Wing, R. R., & Simoneau, J.-A. (1999) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.1999.277.6.e1130 · Cited by 1,096
Self-citationExercise, Glucose Transport, and Insulin Sensitivity
Goodyear, L. J., & Kahn, B. B. (1998) · Annual Review of Medicine · doi:10.1146/annurev.med.49.1.235 · Cited by 1,056
AMPK: An Emerging Drug Target for Diabetes and the Metabolic Syndrome
Zhang, B. B., Zhou, G., & Li, C. (2009) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2009.03.012 · Cited by 1,042
Splanchnic lipolysis in human obesity
Nielsen, S., Guo, Z., Johnson, C. M., Hensrud, D. D., & Jensen, M. D. (2004) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci21047 · Cited by 933
Absence of an Effect of Liposuction on Insulin Action and Risk Factors for Coronary Heart Disease
Klein, S., Fontana, L., Young, V. L., Coggan, A. R., Kilo, C., Patterson, B. W., & Mohammed, B. S. (2004) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa033179 · Cited by 917
Fatty acids, obesity, and insulin resistance: Time for a reevaluation
Karpe, F., Dickmann, J. R., & Frayn, K. N. (2011) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db11-0425 · Cited by 896
Groop, L. C., Bonadonna, R. C., DelPrato, S., Ratheiser, K., Zyck, K., Ferrannini, E., & DeFronzo, R. A. (1989) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci114142 · Cited by 812 · cited 2×
“In the contrasting diabetic state, the amount of insulin required to completely sup- press hepatic glucose production only achieves an 85% suppression of adipose lipolysis (Groop et al., 1989).”
Morino, K. (2005) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci25151 · Cited by 811
Calorie Restriction Increases Muscle Mitochondrial Biogenesis in Healthy Humans
Civitarese, A. E., Carling, S., Heilbronn, L. K., Hulver, M. H., Ukropcova, B., Deutsch, W. A., Smith, S. R., & Ravussin, E. (2007) · PLoS Medicine · doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.0040076 · Cited by 790
The role of skeletal muscle insulin resistance in the pathogenesis of the metabolic syndrome
Petersen, K. F., Dufour, S., Savage, D. B., Bilz, S., Solomon, G., Yonemitsu, S., Cline, G. W., Befroy, D., Zemany, L., Kahn, B. B., et al. (2007) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0705408104 · Cited by 759
What if Minkowski Had Been Ageusic? An Alternative Angle on Diabetes
McGarry, J. D. (1992) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1439783 · Cited by 657
Rönn, T., Volkov, P., Davegårdh, C., Dayeh, T., Hall, E., Olsson, A. H., Nilsson, E., Tornberg, Å. B., Nitert, M. D., Eriksson, K., et al. (2013) · PLoS Genetics · doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1003572 · Cited by 637
Circadian time signatures of fitness and disease
Bass, J. T., & Lazar, M. A. (2016) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aah4965 · Cited by 635
Holland, W. L., & Summers, S. A. (2008) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/er.2007-0025 · Cited by 604
Impaired Pulsatile Secretion of Insulin in Relatives of Patients with Non-Insulin-Dependent Diabetes
O'Rahilly, S., Turner, R. C., & Matthews, D. R. (1988) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm198805123181902 · Cited by 540
The Browning of White Adipose Tissue: Some Burning Issues
Nedergaard, J., & Cannon, B. (2014) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2014.07.005 · Cited by 509
Impaired free fatty acid utilization by skeletal muscle in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
Kelley, D. E., & Simoneau, J. A. (1994) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci117600 · Cited by 487
Interaction between glucose and free fatty acid metabolism in human skeletal muscle.
Kelley, D. E., Mokáň, M., Simoneau, J. A., & Mandarino, L. J. (1993) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci116603 · Cited by 480
Glyceroneogenesis and the triglyceride/fatty acid cycle
Reshef, L., Olswang, Y., Cassuto, H., Blum, B., Croniger, C. M., Kalhan, S. C., Tilghman, S. M., & Hanson, R. W. (2003) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.r300017200 · Cited by 475
Jing, E., Emanuelli, B., Hirschey, M. D., Boucher, J., Lee, K. Y., Lombard, D., Verdin, E. M., & Kahn, C. R. (2011) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1111308108 · Cited by 469
AMPK: A Target for Drugs and Natural Products With Effects on Both Diabetes and Cancer
Hardie, D. G. (2013) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db13-0368 · Cited by 458
Differences in Lipolysis between Human Subcutaneous and Omental Adipose Tissues
Arner, P. (1995) · Annals of Medicine · doi:10.3109/07853899709002451 · Cited by 457
Diet, muscle glycogen, and endurance performance
Karlsson, J., & Saltin, B. (1971) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/jappl.1971.31.2.203 · Cited by 440
Metabolic Inflexibility: When Mitochondrial Indecision Leads to Metabolic Gridlock
Muoio, D. M. (2014) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2014.11.034 · Cited by 438
Turner, N., Kowalski, G. M., Leslie, S. J., Risis, S., Yang, C., Lee-Young, R. S., Babb, J. R., Meikle, P. J., Lancaster, G. I., Henstridge, D. C., et al. (2013) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-013-2913-1 · Cited by 430
A futile metabolic cycle activated in adipocytes by antidiabetic agents
Guan, H.-P., Li, Y., Jensen, M. V., Newgard, C. B., Steppan, C. M., & Lazar, M. A. (2002) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm780 · Cited by 427
Hoffman, N. J., Parker, B. L., Chaudhuri, R., Fisher-Wellman, K. H., Kleinert, M., Humphrey, S. J., Yang, P., Holliday, M., Trefely, S., Fazakerley, D. J., et al. (2015) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2015.09.001 · Cited by 426
Skeletal Muscle Triglycerides, Diacylglycerols, and Ceramides in Insulin Resistance
Amati, F., Dubé, J. J., Alvarez-Carnero, E., Edreira, M. M., Chomentowski, P., Coen, P. M., Switzer, G. E., Bickel, P. E., Stefanovic-Racic, M., Toledo, F. G. S., et al. (2011) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db10-1221 · Cited by 395
Self-citationAndres, R., Cader, G., & Zierler, K. L. (1956) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci103324 · Cited by 389
Adrenergic regulation of lipolysis in situ at rest and during exercise.
Arner, P., Kriegholm, E., Engfeldt, P., & Bolinder, J. (1990) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci114516 · Cited by 373
Downregulation of Adipose Tissue Fatty Acid Trafficking in Obesity
McQuaid, S. E., Hodson, L., Neville, M. J., Dennis, A. L., Cheeseman, J., Humphreys, S. M., Ruge, T., Gilbert, M., Fielding, B. A., Frayn, K. N., et al. (2011) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db10-0867 · Cited by 366
Exercise Effects on White Adipose Tissue: Beiging and Metabolic Adaptations
Stanford, K. I., Middelbeek, R. J. W., & Goodyear, L. J. (2015) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db15-0227 · Cited by 365
Bruce, C. R., Hoy, A. J., Turner, N., Watt, M. J., Allen, T. L., Carpenter, K., Cooney, G. J., Febbraio, M. A., & Kraegen, E. W. (2009) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db08-1078 · Cited by 363
Sherman, W., Costill, D., Fink, W., & Miller, J. (1981) · International Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1055/s-2008-1034594 · Cited by 325
Lee, H.-Y., Choi, C. S., Birkenfeld, A. L., Alves, T. C., Jornayvaz, F. R., Jurczak, M. J., Zhang, D., Woo, D. K., Shadel, G. S., Ladiges, W., et al. (2010) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2010.11.004 · Cited by 319
Transcription Factor EB Controls Metabolic Flexibility during Exercise
Mansueto, G., Armani, A., Viscomi, C., D’Orsi, L., De Cegli, R., Polishchuk, E. V., Lamperti, C., Di Meo, I., Romanello, V., Marchet, S., et al. (2017) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2016.11.003 · Cited by 314
The effect of intensive endurance exercise training on body fat distribution in young and older men
Schwartz, R. S., Shuman, W. P., Larson, V., Cain, K. C., Fellingham, G. W., Beard, J. C., Kahn, S. E., Stratton, J. R., Cerqueira, M. D., & Abrass, I. B. (1991) · Metabolism · doi:10.1016/0026-0495(91)90239-s · Cited by 275
Regulation of Fat Metabolism in Skeletal Muscle
Jeukendrup, A. E. (2002) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2002.tb04278.x · Cited by 263
Raue, U., Trappe, T. A., Estrem, S. T., Qian, H.-R., Helvering, L. M., Smith, R. C., & Trappe, S. W. (2012) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00435.2011 · Cited by 262
A transcriptional map of the impact of endurance exercise training on skeletal muscle phenotype
Keller, P., Vollaard, N. B. J., Gustafsson, T., Gallagher, I. J., Sundberg, C. J., Rankinen, T., Britton, S. L., Bouchard, C., Koch, L. G., & Timmons, J. A. (2011) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00634.2010 · Cited by 261
Role of AMPK in skeletal muscle metabolic regulation and adaptation in relation to exercise
Jørgensen, S. B., Richter, E. A., & Wojtaszewski, J. F. P. (2006) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jphysiol.2006.109942 · Cited by 261
Increased lipid availability impairs insulin-stimulated ATP synthesis in human skeletal muscle
Brehm, A., Krssak, M., Schmid, A. I., Nowotny, P., Waldhäusl, W., & Roden, M. (2006) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diabetes.55.01.06.db05-1286 · Cited by 239
Coen, P. M., Dubé, J. J., Amati, F., Stefanović-Račić, M., Ferrell, R. E., Toledo, F. G. S., & Goodpaster, B. H. (2009) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db09-0988 · Cited by 236
Self-citationMauriège, P., Galitzky, J., Berlan, M., & Lafontan, M. (1987) · European Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2362.1987.tb02395.x · Cited by 234
Fatty acid mobilization from adipose tissue during exercise
Horowitz, J. F. (2003) · Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1016/s1043-2760(03)00143-7 · Cited by 232
Insulin Regulates Adipocyte Lipolysis via an Akt-Independent Signaling Pathway
Choi, S. M., Tucker, D. F., Gross, D. N., Easton, R., DiPilato, L. M., Dean, A. S., Monks, B. R., & Birnbaum, M. J. (2010) · Molecular and Cellular Biology · doi:10.1128/mcb.00797-10 · Cited by 223
Yu, X. X., Lewin, D. A., Forrest, W. F., & Adams, S. H. (2002) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fj.01-0568com · Cited by 217
Ukropcova, B., McNeil, M., Sereda, O., de Jonge, L., Xie, H., Bray, G. A., & Smith, S. R. (2005) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci24332 · Cited by 213
Kelley, D. E., & Mandarino, L. J. (1990) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci114935 · Cited by 210
Thermic effect of glucose in man. Obligatory and facultative thermogenesis.
Acheson, K. J., Ravussin, E., Wahren, J., & Jéquier, E. (1984) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci111573 · Cited by 209
Frayn, K. N., Williams, C. M., & Arner, P. (1996) · Clinical Science · doi:10.1042/cs0900243 · Cited by 202
Stimulation of Lipolysis in Humans by Physiological Hypercortisolemia
Divertie, G. D., Jensen, M. D., & Miles, J. M. (1991) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diab.40.10.1228 · Cited by 201
Receptors, Antireceptor Antibodies and Mechanisms of Insulin Resistance
Bleich, H. L., Boro, E. S., Flier, J. S., Kahn, C. R., & Roth, J. (1979) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm197902223000808 · Cited by 194
Lipolysis and fatty acid metabolism in men and women during the postexercise recovery period
Henderson, G. C., Fattor, J. A., Horning, M. A., Faghihnia, N., Johnson, M. L., Mau, T. L., Luke‐Zeitoun, M., & Brooks, G. A. (2007) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jphysiol.2007.137331 · Cited by 193
Coen, P. M., Menshikova, E. V., Distéfano, G., Zheng, D., Tanner, C. J., Standley, R. A., Helbling, N. L., Dubis, G. S., Ritov, V. B., Xie, H., et al. (2015) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db15-0809 · Cited by 190
Self-citationSahebkar, A., Chew, G. T., & Watts, G. F. (2014) · Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1517/14656566.2014.876992 · Cited by 183
Effects of Obesity on Substrate Utilization during Exercise
Goodpaster, B. H., Wolfe, R. R., & Kelley, D. E. (2002) · Obesity Research · doi:10.1038/oby.2002.78 · Cited by 169
Self-citationNurjhan, N., Campbell, P. J., Kennedy, F. P., Miles, J. M., & Gerich, J. E. (1986) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diab.35.12.1326 · Cited by 168
Ukropcova, B., Sereda, O., de Jonge, L., Bogacka, I., Nguyen, T., Xie, H., Bray, G. A., & Smith, S. R. (2007) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db06-0521 · Cited by 165
Clinical trial demonstrates exercise following bariatric surgery improves insulin sensitivity
Coen, P. M., Tanner, C. J., Helbling, N. L., Dubis, G. S., Hames, K. C., Xie, H., Eid, G. M., Stefanović-Račić, M., Toledo, F. G. S., Jakicic, J. M., et al. (2014) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci78016 · Cited by 156
Self-citationHoeks, J., van Herpen, N. A., Mensink, M., Moonen-Kornips, E., van Beurden, D., Hesselink, M. K. C., & Schrauwen, P. (2010) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db10-0519 · Cited by 156
Beta-adrenoceptor expression in human fat cells from different regions.
Arner, P., Hellström, L., Wahrenberg, H., & Brönnegård, M. (1990) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci114880 · Cited by 155
Fat metabolism in human obesity
Campbell, P. J., Carlson, M. G., & Nurjhan, N. (1994) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.1994.266.4.e600 · Cited by 153
Shulman, G. I. (2004) · Physiology · doi:10.1152/physiol.00007.2004 · Cited by 152
Exercise intensity-related responses of ??-endorphin and catecholamines
McMurray, R. G., Forsythe, W. A., Mar, M.-H. H., & Hardy, C. J. (1987) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/00005768-198712000-00005 · Cited by 133
In Vivo Actions of Peroxisome Proliferator–Activated Receptors
Eldor, R., DeFronzo, R. A., & Abdul‐Ghani, M. A. (2013) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dcs13-2003 · Cited by 128
Importance of the ‘crossover’ concept in exercise metabolism
Brooks, G. A. (1997) · Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology · doi:10.1111/j.1440-1681.1997.tb02712.x · Cited by 117
Are cultured human myotubes far from home?
Aas, V., Bakke, S. S., Feng, Y., Kase, E. T., Jensen, J., Bajpeyi, S., Thoresen, G. H., & Rustan, A. C. (2013) · Cell and Tissue Research · doi:10.1007/s00441-013-1655-1 · Cited by 115
Lipid metabolism during fasting
Jensen, M. D., Ekberg, K., & Landau, B. R. (2001) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.2001.281.4.e789 · Cited by 112
Adipose tissue lipolysis is increased during a repeated bout of aerobic exercise
Štich, V., de Glisezinski, I., Berlan, M., Bülow, J., Galitzky, J., Harant, I., Suljkovicova, H., Lafontan, M., Rivière, D., & Crampes, F. (2000) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/jappl.2000.88.4.1277 · Cited by 109
Effect of training status on fuel selection during submaximal exercise with glucose ingestion
van Loon, L. J. C., Jeukendrup, A. E., Saris, W. H. M., & Wagenmakers, A. J. M. (1999) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/jappl.1999.87.4.1413 · Cited by 108
Jeukendrup, A., Thielen, J., Wagenmakers, A., Brouns, F., & Saris, W. (1998) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/67.3.397 · Cited by 105
Pocket Atlas of Human Histology
Johnson, F. R. (1982) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 102
Insulin resistance, adipose tissue and coronary heart disease
Frayn, K. N., & Coppack, S. W. (1992) · Clinical Science · doi:10.1042/cs0820001 · Cited by 100
Preferential loss of visceral fat following aerobic exercise, measured by magnetic resonance imaging
Thomas, E. L., Brynes, A. E., McCarthy, J. P., Goldstone, A. P., Hajnal, J. V., Saeed, N., Frost, G. S., & Bell, J. D. (2000) · Lipids · doi:10.1007/s11745-000-0584-0 · Cited by 100
High Oxidative Capacity Due to Chronic Exercise Training Attenuates Lipid-Induced Insulin Resistance
Phielix, E., Meex, R., Ouwens, D. M., Sparks, L., Hoeks, J., Schaart, G., Moonen-Kornips, E., Hesselink, M. K. C., & Schrauwen, P. (2012) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db11-1832 · Cited by 99 · cited 4×
“In support of this, Phelix et al. and Dubé et al. demonstrated in independent studies (Dubé et al., 2014; Phielix et al., 2012) that endurance-trained athletes who have a high oxidative capacity in muscle can increase fatty acid oxidation in response to lipid overload, but they preserve glycogen…”
InfluentialSelf-citationFat Metabolism During Exercise: A Review. Part III: Effects of Nutritional Interventions
Jeukendrup, A., Saris, W., & Wagenmakers, A. (1998) · International Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1055/s-2007-971932 · Cited by 85
Oxidation of nonplasma fatty acids during exercise is increased in women with abdominal obesity
Horowitz, J. F., & Klein, S. (2000) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/jappl.2000.89.6.2276 · Cited by 85
Colberg, S. R., Hagberg, J. M., McCole, S. D., Zmuda, J. M., Thompson, P. D., & Kelley, D. E. (1996) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/jappl.1996.81.5.2027 · Cited by 85
Toledo, F. G. S., & Goodpaster, B. H. (2013) · Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.mce.2013.06.018 · Cited by 84
Self-citationDubé, J. J., Coen, P. M., DiStefano, G., Chacon, A. C., Helbling, N. L., Desimone, M. E., Stafanovic-Racic, M., Hames, K. C., Despines, A. A., Toledo, F. G. S., et al. (2014) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00257.2014 · Cited by 83
Self-citationRole of the sympathoadrenergic system in adipose tissue metabolism during exercise in humans
Stallknecht, B. M., Lorentsen, J., Enevoldsen, L. H., Bülow, J., Biering‐Sørensen, F., Galbo, H., & Kjær, M. (2001) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7793.2001.00283.x · Cited by 83
Physical Activity and Type 2 Diabetes
Barrett, J. E., Plotnikoff, R. C., Courneya, K. S., & Raine, K. D. (2007) · The Science of Diabetes Self-Management and Care · doi:10.1177/0145721706297453 · Cited by 81
Chaube, B., Malvi, P., Singh, S. V., Mohammad, N., Meena, A. S., & Bhat, M. K. (2015) · Oncotarget · doi:10.18632/oncotarget.6134 · Cited by 80
Phenotypic Characterization of Insulin-Resistant and Insulin-Sensitive Obesity
Chen, D., Liess, C., Poljak, A., Xu, A., Zhang, J.-L., Thoma, C., Trenell, M. I., Milner, B., Jenkins, A. B., Chisholm, D. J., et al. (2015) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2015-2712 · Cited by 73
The strategies of energy conservation in helminths
Kohler, P. O. (1985) · Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology · doi:10.1016/0166-6851(85)90124-0 · Cited by 72
Ng, J. M., Azuma, K., Kelley, C. A., Pencek, R., Rádiková, Ž., Laymon, C. M., Price, J. C., Goodpaster, B. H., & Kelley, D. E. (2012) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00282.2012 · Cited by 71
Self-citationRönn, T., Volkov, P., Tornberg, Å. B., Elgzyri, T., Hansson, O., Eriksson, K., Groop, P., & Ling, C. (2014) · Acta Physiologica · doi:10.1111/apha.12247 · Cited by 70
Long- and medium-chain fatty acid oxidation is increased in exercise-trained human skeletal muscle
Jong-Yeon, K., Hickner, R. C., Dohm, G. L., & Houmard, J. A. (2002) · Metabolism · doi:10.1053/meta.2002.31326 · Cited by 68
Effect of exercise training on whole-body insulin sensitivity and responsiveness
James, D. E., Kraegen, E. W., & Chisholm, D. J. (1984) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/jappl.1984.56.5.1217 · Cited by 67
Substrate metabolism when subjects are fed carbohydrate during exercise
Horowitz, J. F., Mora‐Rodríguez, R., Byerley, L. O., & Coyle, E. F. (1999) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.1999.276.5.e828 · Cited by 65
Relation of adipose tissue to metabolic flexibility
Sparks, L. M., Ukropcová, B., Smith, J. M., Pasarica, M., Hymel, D., Xie, H., Bray, G. A., Miles, J. M., & Smith, S. R. (2008) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2008.09.052 · Cited by 63
Self-citationAdipose tissue and fatty acid metabolism in humans.
Jensen, M. D. (2002) · PubMed Central · Cited by 63
Bourbeau, M. P., & Bartberger, M. D. (2014) · Journal of Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.1021/jm500695e · Cited by 62
Gene and MicroRNA Expression Responses to Exercise; Relationship with Insulin Sensitivity
McLean, C. G., Mielke, C. J., Cordova, J. M., Langlais, P. R., Bowen, B. P., Miranda, D. N., Coletta, D. K., & Mandarino, L. J. (2015) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0127089 · Cited by 60
A-ZIP/F-1 mice lacking white fat: a model for understanding lipoatrophic diabetes
Reitman, M. L., & Gavrilova, O. (2000) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0801493 · Cited by 57
Vijgen, G. H. E. J., Bouvy, N. D., Joris Hoeks, J., Wijers, S. L. J., Schrauwen, P., & Lichtenbelt, W. D. V. M. (2013) · Surgery for Obesity and Related Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.soard.2013.03.009 · Cited by 55
Insulärer und Insulinresistenter Diabetes
Falta, W., & Boller, R. (1931) · Journal of Molecular Medicine · doi:10.1007/bf01736348 · Cited by 55
The Effects of Pre-Exercise Starch Ingestion on Endurance Performance
Goodpaster, B. H., COSTILL, D. L., Fink, W., Trappe, T. A., Jozsi, A. C., Starling, R. D., & Trappe, S. W. (1996) · International Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1055/s-2007-972862 · Cited by 54
Self-citationStallknecht, B. M., Dela, F., & Helge, J. W. (2006) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00215.2006 · Cited by 48
Jeukendrup, A. E., Saris, W. H., Van Diesen, R., Brouns, F., & Wagenmakers, A. J. (1996) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/jappl.1996.80.3.949 · Cited by 47 · cited 1×
“The literature is replete with studies aimed at strategies to prolong endurance by maintenance of higher rates of fatty acid oxidation (Jeukendrup et al., 1996, 1998a, 1998b; van Loon et al., 1999) and exogenous carbohydrate oxidation (Goodpaster et al., 1996; Horowitz et al., 1999) to preserve…”
Healy, M. L., Gibney, J., Pentecost, C., Croos, P., Russell-Jones, D. L., Sönksen, P. H., & Umpleby, A. M. (2006) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2005-0916 · Cited by 43
Dynamic epigenetic responses to muscle contraction.
Rasmussen, M., Zierath, J., & Barrès, R. (2014) · Drug Discovery Today · doi:10.1016/j.drudis.2014.03.003 · Cited by 39
Dubé, J. J., Sitnick, M., Schoiswohl, G., Wills, R. C., Basantani, M. K., Cai, L., Pulinilkunnil, T., & Kershaw, E. (2015) · American Journal of Physiology. Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00530.2014 · Cited by 37
[Mechanisms of action of thiazolidinediones].
Girard, J. R. (2001) · PubMed · Cited by 29
No effect of growth hormone administration on substrate oxidation during exercise in young, lean men
Hansen, M., Morthorst, R., Larsson, B., Dall, R., Flyvbjerg, A., Rasmussen, M. H., Ørskov, H., Kjær, M., & Lange, K. H. W. (2005) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jphysiol.2005.089524 · Cited by 27
Lam, Y. Y., Ghosh, S., Civitarese, A. E., & Ravussin, É. (2015) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/glv194 · Cited by 23
A tennis lesson: sharp practice in the science behind the Sharapova case
Arduini, A., & Zammit, V. A. (2016) · Postgraduate Medical Journal · doi:10.1136/postgradmedj-2016-134124 · Cited by 16
Oscillatory Insulin Secretion: a variable phenotypic marker
Matthews, D. R. (1996) · Diabetic Medicine · doi:10.1002/dme.1996.13.s6.53 · Cited by 16
Metabolic Inflexibility and Insulin Resistance in Skeletal Muscle
Goodpaster, B. H., & Kelley, D. E. (2008) · Human Kinetics eBooks · doi:10.5040/9781492595748.ch-005 · Cited by 2
Self-citation
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Metabolic Flexibility as an Adaptation to Energy Resources and Requirements in Health and Disease
Smith, R. L., Soeters, M. R., Wüst, R. C. I., & Houtkooper, R. H. (2018) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/er.2017-00211 · Cited by 787
Metabolites as regulators of insulin sensitivity and metabolism
Yang, Q., Vijayakumar, A., & Kahn, B. B. (2018) · Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology · doi:10.1038/s41580-018-0044-8 · Cited by 698
Lipid and glucose metabolism in white adipocytes: pathways, dysfunction and therapeutics
Morigny, P., Boucher, J., Arner, P., & Langin, D. (2021) · Nature Reviews Endocrinology · doi:10.1038/s41574-021-00471-8 · Cited by 560
Acylcarnitines: Nomenclature, Biomarkers, Therapeutic Potential, Drug Targets, and Clinical Trials
Dambrova, M., Makrecka‐Kuka, M., Kuka, J., Vilšķe̅rsts, R., Nordberg, D. O. T., Attwood, M. M., Smesny, S., Şen, Z. D., Guo, A. C., Oler, E., et al. (2022) · Pharmacological Reviews · doi:10.1124/pharmrev.121.000408 · Cited by 549
Transcriptomic profiling of skeletal muscle adaptations to exercise and inactivity
Pillon, N. J., Gabriel, B. M., Dollet, L., Smith, J. A. B., Sardón Puig, L., Botella, J., Bishop, D. J., Krook, A., & Zierath, J. R. (2020) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-019-13869-w · Cited by 457
Metadata
- Authors
- Goodpaster, B. H., & Sparks, L. M.
- Affiliations
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute (US)
- Corresponding author
- Goodpaster, Bret H.
- Venue
- Cell Metabolism
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2017-05
- Volume
- 25
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 1027-1036
- ISSN
- 1550-4131 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5513193
- OpenAlex
- W2611848952
- Cited by
- 995
- References
- 129
- Citations by year
- 2026: 150 · 2025: 131 · 2024: 89 · 2023: 126 · 2022: 138 · 2021: 133 · 2020: 106 · 2019: 72 · 2018: 42 · 2017: 6
- FWCI
- 7.58
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Cell Metabolism (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- American Diabetes Association
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Adipose Tissue and Metabolism
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Metabolism, Diabetes, and Cancer
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
- Keywords
- metabolic flexibility, insulin resistance, fuel selection, glucose metabolism, fatty acid oxidation, obesity, type 2 diabetes, skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, exercise physiology, metabolic disorders
- MeSH terms
- Adipose Tissue, Animals, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Energy Metabolism, Exercise Therapy, Fasting, Fatty Acids, Glucose, Humans, Insulin Resistance, Obesity, Rest, Exercise, Muscle, Skeletal, Caloric Restriction, Metabolic Networks and Pathways, Metabolomics, Metabolome
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
