The DOI matches its Crossref record; 109 of the 120 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; 77 of the 142 sources its claims cite were checked for support.
Episodic Future Thinking: Mechanisms and Functions
Open accessAbstract
Episodic future thinking refers to the capacity to imagine or simulate experiences that might occur in one's personal future. Cognitive, neuropsychological, and neuroimaging research concerning episodic future thinking has accelerated during recent years. This article discusses research that has delineated cognitive and neural mechanisms that support episodic future thinking as well as the functions that episodic future thinking serves. Studies focused on mechanisms have identified a core brain network that underlies episodic future thinking and have begun to tease apart the relative contributions of particular regions in this network, and the specific cognitive processes that they support. Studies concerned with functions have identified several domains in which episodic future thinking produces performance benefits, including decision making, emotion regulation, prospective memory, and spatial navigation.
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Claims the paper makes
36 Supported · 25 No full text of the sources · 15 Partly supported · 8 Supported so far · 6 Sources not found · 6 Own interpretation · 1 Not supported · accuracy not yet measured
Every source the paper cites for this claim was checked and supports it.
In the paper
“These results were replicated in a subsequent experiment using different cues and procedures (97)”
§ Episodic Future Thinking: Mechanisms and Functions > Mechanisms of episodic future thinking > Cognitive mechanisms
What the sources say
- Supportedcites [97] source
The Discussion (page unavailable) says the study reproduced the earlier pattern of increased internal details for remembering and imagining, this time using word rather than picture cues. It also describes replacing the earlier picture-description task with a word-comparison task, supporting the claim that the result held with different cues and procedures. (LLM, conf=0.93)
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Supported
The sources with a verdict support this claim; the rest weren’t checked yet, have no full text we could read, or their verdicts aren’t rated yet.
In the paper
“older adults produce fewer internal/episodic details and more external/semantic details for both remembered past events and imagined future events”
§ Episodic Future Thinking: Mechanisms and Functions > Mechanisms of episodic future thinking > Cognitive mechanisms
What the sources say
- Supportedcites [16] source
In “Healthy Aging and Constructive Episodic Simulation: Initial Observations,” the authors report that older adults produced fewer internal and more external details than young adults for remembered past events, and found the same pattern for imagined future events. The passage specifies that details were scored using the standardized Autobiographical Interview procedure. (LLM, conf=0.95)
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [5] source
- Supportedcites [17] source
The Introduction reports that, using a modified Autobiographical Interview, older adults produced fewer internal details and more external details than young adults for both remembered past and imagined future events. This directly supports the attributed claim. (LLM, conf=0.94)
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [18] source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [19] source
- Supportedcites [20] source
The Introduction states that, on the Autobiographical Interview, older adults tend to generate fewer internal and more external details than younger adults when remembering past events and simulating future events. This directly supports the age comparison and both event types in the claim. (LLM, conf=0.93)
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [21] source
plainstates an association- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Supported
Every source the paper cites for this claim was checked and supports it.
In the paper
“directly links flexible retrieval/recombination processes with source memory errors that result from mixing up elements of related episodes (13; see also, 14).”
§ Episodic Future Thinking: Mechanisms and Functions > Mechanisms of episodic future thinking > Cognitive mechanisms
What the sources say
- Supportedcites [13] source
The General Discussion states that all four experiments provide direct evidence linking flexible retrieval and recombination to subsequent source memory errors. It describes those errors as misattributing details to a related event through combining elements of distinct episodes. No page number is provided in the supplied copy. (LLM, conf=0.94)
plainstates an association- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Supported
Every source the paper cites for this claim was checked and supports it.
In the paper
“effects of ESI have also been extended to other tasks that draw on episodic retrieval and simulation, including social problem solving and divergent creative thinking (for discussion, see 38).”
§ Episodic Future Thinking: Mechanisms and Functions > Mechanisms of episodic future thinking > Cognitive mechanisms
What the sources say
- Supportedcites [38] source
The section on means-end problem solving and divergent creative thinking reports that an episodic specificity induction improved performance on both tasks compared with control inductions. The Concluding Comments explicitly include solving means-end problems and divergent creative thinking among the tasks to which its effects extend. Page numbers are not provided in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.94)
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Supported
Every source the paper cites for this claim was checked and supports it.
In the paper
“Although this study also revealed effects of aging on memory and imagination above-and-beyond picture description performance”
§ Episodic Future Thinking: Mechanisms and Functions > Mechanisms of episodic future thinking > Cognitive mechanisms
What the sources say
- Supportedcites [35] source
The Experiment 2 Discussion states that aging made a significant, though modest, contribution to both memory and imagination performance above and beyond picture description performance. The Experiment 2 Results report corresponding significant improvements when age was added to the regression models for each task. (LLM, conf=0.94)
plainstates an association- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Supported
Every source the paper cites for this claim was checked and supports it.
In the paper
“such findings nonetheless suggest that non-episodic factors that similarly impact remembering, imagining, and describing, such as narrative style or cognitive control, are at least partly responsible for similarities between remembering past experiences and imagining future experiences on tasks such as the AI”
§ Episodic Future Thinking: Mechanisms and Functions > Mechanisms of episodic future thinking > Cognitive mechanisms
What the sources say
- Supportedcites [16] source
The Concluding Comments (page not provided) say that parallel changes in describing scenes, remembering, and imagining suggest non-episodic processes contribute to performance on the Autobiographical Interview. The paper identifies narrative style and inhibitory control as possible influences, matching the citing sentence’s qualified wording. (LLM, conf=0.89)
- Supportedcites [35] source
The Experiment 2 Discussion says that similar performance on picture description, memory, and imagination tasks indicates that mechanisms other than episodic memory contribute to parallel age-related patterns. It proposes narrative style and inhibition of task-irrelevant thoughts as possible mechanisms, while noting that the experiments do not distinguish between them. (LLM, conf=0.90)
hedgedstates a possible cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Supported
Every source the paper cites for this claim was checked and supports it.
In the paper
“several experiments have shown that the ESI selectively dissociates the contributions of episodic retrieval to future imagining from such non-episodic factors as semantic retrieval and narrative style.”
§ Episodic Future Thinking: Mechanisms and Functions > Mechanisms of episodic future thinking > Cognitive mechanisms
What the sources say
- Supportedcites [37] source
The Experiment 1 Discussion says the specificity induction targeted episodic mechanisms related to memory and imagination, rather than non-episodic mechanisms related to picture description. The Experiment 2 General Discussion says the findings distinguish episodic memory’s contribution to imagining from non-episodic processes, while explicitly discussing semantic memory and narrative style. The paper reports two experiments; page numbers are unavailable in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.92)
- Supportedcites [38] source
The section “Distinguishing Episodic from Non-Episodic Processes” explicitly says the induction selectively enhances episodic retrieval while dissociating it from semantic retrieval and narrative description. It also reports replicated effects on episodic details in future imagination, but not on semantic details or picture description. Page numbers were not provided. (LLM, conf=0.94)
boostedstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Supported
Every source the paper cites for this claim was checked and supports it.
In the paper
“procedures such as the AI can be influenced by non-episodic factors.”
§ Episodic Future Thinking: Mechanisms and Functions > Mechanisms of episodic future thinking > Cognitive mechanisms
What the sources say
- Supportedcites [35] source
The Abstract says that because the Autobiographical Interview requires an extended narrative, age differences measured with it could reflect deficits in non-episodic mechanisms. The Experiment 2 Discussion adds that its performance cannot simply be assumed to reflect memory mechanisms alone. (LLM, conf=0.94)
plainstates a possible cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Supported
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“Reductions in episodic detail for both past and future events using the AI and related procedures have also been documented in various patient populations”
§ Episodic Future Thinking: Mechanisms and Functions > Mechanisms of episodic future thinking > Cognitive mechanisms
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [22] source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [23] source
- Partly supportedcites [24] sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Introduction (page unavailable) reports reduced episodic future thinking in amnesia and largely concordant findings in dementia; the Discussion (page unavailable) reports reduced future-event detail in Parkinson’s disease. The paper’s own comparison concerns one patient with amnesia, and our copy does not document the full list of populations in the claim or reduced detail for both past and future events in each population. It used the Autobiographical Memory Interview and related tasks, rather than establishing that all the cited findings used the Autobiographical Interview. (LLM, conf=0.84)
- Partly supportedcites [25] sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Introduction reports fewer episodic details for both past and future events in patients with hippocampal amnesia using modified Autobiographical Interview procedures. The Results (§3.2.1; page unavailable) likewise find fewer episodic details across time periods in patients with hippocampal damage. The paper does not document the claim across most of the other listed populations, and its Results (§3.3.1) find no comparable reduction in patients with medial prefrontal lesions. (LLM, conf=0.88)
- Partly supportedcites [26] sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Results report fewer episodic details for both past and future events in patients than in controls, and Materials and Methods > Scoring says the study used an adapted Autobiographical Interview procedure. Materials and Methods > Participants identifies these patients as people with amnesia and medial temporal lobe lesions. The paper does not document the claimed reductions across the other listed patient populations. (LLM, conf=0.88)
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [27] source
plainstates an association- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Every source the paper cites for this claim was checked and supports it.
In the paper
“core network regions including left posterior inferior parietal lobe and posterior dorsolateral prefrontal cortex show increased activity during episodic simulation compared with episodic memory, as do several regions that are part of a distinct fronto-parietal control network (47).”
§ Episodic Future Thinking: Mechanisms and Functions > Neural mechanisms
What the sources say
- Supportedcites [47] source
Split into 2 atoms — 2 confirmed, 0 partially supported, 0 disputed, 0 misattributed, 0 unverifiable. Expand the claim to see per-atom verdicts.
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Supported
- It may state two separate claims as one. 33
- Probably not a substantial claim. 5
At least one cited source doesn’t support this claim or points to a different paper, and none confirmed it — see the verdicts below.
In the paper
“there was a higher compression rate after a slow vs. a fast encoding condition (but no difference between a medium and slow encoding condition, perhaps because an optimal compression rate had already been achieved in the medium encoding condition).”
§ Episodic Future Thinking: Mechanisms and Functions > Functions of episodic future thinking
What the sources say
- Disputedcites [107] sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Results report higher temporal compression in the slow than the fast condition, but they also report a significant difference between the slow and medium conditions (p < 0.001). It was the medium and fast conditions that did not differ in compression rate (p = 0.54). The separate finding of no slow–medium difference concerns simulation time, not compression rate. (LLM, conf=0.95)
Checked by a reasoning model — may be wrong.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Disputed
Every source the paper cites for this claim was checked and supports it.
In the paper
“flexible retrieval and recombination abilities, though adaptive for purposes of constructing episodic simulations, also may create memory errors that can result from mistakenly combining elements of distinct past experiences, such as source misattribution and false recognition.”
§ Episodic Future Thinking: Mechanisms and Functions > Mechanisms of episodic future thinking > Cognitive mechanisms
What the sources say
- Supportedcites [11] source
Section 2 explains that source-memory failures and inaccurate memories can arise when retrieved fragments are misattributed or elements of different experiences are blended. Section 4 describes flexible extraction and recombination as useful for simulating future events and identifies false recognition as a possible error of constructive memory. No page numbers are available in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.91)
hedgedstates a possible cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Supported
Every source the paper cites for this claim was checked and supports it.
In the paper
“Older adults produced fewer internal but not external details on the memory and imagination tasks, replicating earlier results, but they also showed the same pattern on the picture description task.”
§ Episodic Future Thinking: Mechanisms and Functions > Mechanisms of episodic future thinking > Cognitive mechanisms
What the sources say
- Supportedcites [35] source
Experiment 2 Results report that, across imagination, memory, and picture description, older adults produced fewer internal details but more—not fewer—external details than younger adults. The Experiment 2 introduction also says the picture-description finding extended the pattern previously observed with pictorial cues. (LLM, conf=0.92)
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Supported
Every source the paper cites for this claim was checked and supports it.
In the paper
“the constructive episodic simulation hypothesis (11), holds that episodic memory supports future simulation by allowing people to flexibly retrieve and recombine elements of past experiences into novel representations of events that might occur in the future.”
§ Episodic Future Thinking: Mechanisms and Functions > Mechanisms of episodic future thinking > Cognitive mechanisms
What the sources say
- Supportedcites [11] source
In section 4, the authors name the constructive episodic simulation hypothesis and say episodic memory can flexibly extract and recombine elements of the past to simulate events that have not occurred in the imagined form. The Introduction likewise describes using previous experiences to imagine future episodes. (LLM, conf=0.95)
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
- Supported
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“These studies suggest that the vmPFC contributes to both accessing schematic knowledge used in episodic simulations as well signaling their affective value (see Box 2).”
§ Episodic Future Thinking: Mechanisms and Functions > Neural mechanisms
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites [47] sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Results identify vmPFC as part of the network engaged during episodic simulation, and the Discussion says mPFC may process a simulated event’s anticipated affective quality and integrate knowledge about its elements. The Discussion does not specifically assign those functions to vmPFC or describe the knowledge as schematic or being accessed. The indexed passages provide no page numbers. (LLM, conf=0.84)
- Supportedcites [98] source
In “Ventromedial prefrontal cortical involvement across psychological domains” (page unavailable), the paper describes vmPFC’s role in constructing situational schemas, recalling past situations to guide prospection, and evaluating potential outcomes for benefit or harm. This supports the claim that vmPFC contributes both schematic knowledge for imagined events and their affective evaluation. (LLM, conf=0.88)
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [99] source
- Partly supportedcites [100] sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Discussion (page unavailable) reports that mPFC activity tracked the subjective value of items in imagined scenarios, including a ventral mPFC effect at an uncorrected threshold. It mentions mPFC’s previously proposed role in incorporating information into existing knowledge structures, but does not establish that vmPFC accesses schematic knowledge for episodic simulations; the authors also say their mPFC result offers little support for a semantic-congruency interpretation. (LLM, conf=0.87)
hedgedstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Partly supported
Every source the paper cites for this claim was checked and supports it.
In the paper
“The vmPFC has been implicated in various different functions, including memory but also the representation of value and affect (98).”
§ Episodic Future Thinking: Mechanisms and Functions > Neural mechanisms
What the sources say
- Supportedcites [98] source
The animal-lesion-studies section explicitly describes broad vmPFC involvement in memory, emotion, and affective value. The Conclusions likewise summarize extensive evidence concerning its roles in subjective value, affect, and memory. The claim says only that vmPFC has been implicated in these functions, not that they exhaust its role. (LLM, conf=0.94)
plainstates an association- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Supported
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“Palombo et al. (61) used a nearly identical manipulation that they characterized as high vs. low scene construction, and reported extremely similar hippocampal results to those of Addis et al. (57).”
§ Episodic Future Thinking: Mechanisms and Functions > Neural mechanisms
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [61]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Supportedcites [57] source
The Addis et al. citation identifies the hippocampal results used as the comparison point; the separate Palombo et al. citation accompanies the claim about Palombo’s manipulation and findings. Addis et al. report in the Results passage that right anterior hippocampal activity was greatest for specific future events, establishing the results attributed to this source. (LLM, conf=0.88)
plainstates an association- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“This impairment seems to be particularly pronounced when patients have to imagine a broad scenario (e.g., hosting a dinner), because such patients have been shown to perform within the normal range of healthy controls when they are instructed to focus on a circumscribed moment within such a scenario (e.g., cutting vegetables; 25).”
§ Episodic Future Thinking: Mechanisms and Functions > Neural mechanisms
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites [25] sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Methods (§2.2) say participants described a specific moment within a larger event, and the Results (§3.3.1) report that patients with mPFC damage performed similarly to healthy comparisons on event-detail measures. The paper does not test those patients on broad-scenario narration against specific-moment narration, so it does not establish that their impairment is particularly pronounced for broad scenarios. (LLM, conf=0.86)
hedgedstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Partly supported
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“Other fMRI studies have linked hippocampal activity during imagining to the process of scene construction (61–62), encoding of episodic simulations into long-term memory (63), and detail recombination (64).”
§ Episodic Future Thinking: Mechanisms and Functions > Neural mechanisms
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [61]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Supportedcites [62] source
The source supports the scene-construction part of the sentence, which is attached to citations 61–62. In “Visual perception and posterior hippocampus,” it reports fMRI engagement of the anterior hippocampus when participants constructed scenes in their imagination. (LLM, conf=0.91)
- Supportedcites [63] source
The paper reports an fMRI study in which participants imagined future events and hippocampal activity was compared for events later recalled versus forgotten. The Methods describe an unexpected cued-recall test ten minutes after scanning, supporting the cited link between hippocampal activity during imagining and encoding simulations for later memory. (LLM, conf=0.90)
- Supportedcites [64] source
Citation 64 is attached to detail recombination, not to scene construction or long-term encoding. The fMRI Results (‘Constructing future events: hippocampal analysis’) report greater hippocampal activity during initial construction, and the Discussion identifies left posterior hippocampal involvement in recombining details from memory after controlling for encoding and novelty. Page numbers are not supplied in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.93)
plainstates an association- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“Activation in rostral and ventral mPFC signals the emergent affective value of an imagined episode, and this value signal is difficult to account for by the nominal values of the individual elements that make up the episode (e.g., its location and present people or objects; 99–100).”
§ Episodic Future Thinking: Mechanisms and Functions > Neural mechanisms
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [99] source
- Partly supportedcites [100] sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The fMRI Results (page unavailable) show that mPFC activity tracked an item’s subjective value in an imagined state of need after accounting for its everyday value. The Discussion (page unavailable) reports a ventral mPFC effect only at an uncorrected threshold. The paper supports context-dependent value for imagined items, but not the stronger claim that these regions signal the emergent affective value of an entire episode or that the value cannot be accounted for by the nominal values of all its elements. (LLM, conf=0.86)
plainstates an association- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
Every source the paper cites for this claim was checked and supports it.
In the paper
“Addis et al. (57) manipulated whether participants imagined specific events (e.g., proposing marriage) or general/routine events (e.g., commuting to a job), and documented increased hippocampal activity in the former condition compared with the latter.”
§ Episodic Future Thinking: Mechanisms and Functions > Neural mechanisms
What the sources say
- Supportedcites [57] source
The study’s paradigm passage describes specific and general (“routine”) future-event conditions, using a marriage proposal and commuting to a future job as examples. The reported findings say that constructing specific future events produced greater right anterior hippocampal activity than constructing general future events. (LLM, conf=0.94)
plainstates an association- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Supported
The sources with a verdict support this claim; the rest weren’t checked yet, have no full text we could read, or their verdicts aren’t rated yet.
In the paper
“the pattern suggests that the vmPFC supports access to schemata or conceptual knowledge of the respective scenarios that then foster the ability to construct specific episodes (101; see also 103).”
§ Episodic Future Thinking: Mechanisms and Functions > Neural mechanisms
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [101] source
- Supportedcites [103] source
The Introduction describes the vmPFC as supporting the engagement of context-relevant schemas, such as a ‘visiting the doctor’ scenario. The Discussion proposes that activating and selecting appropriate schemas provides templates for memory construction and reconstruction. The claim is framed as a suggestion, consistent with the paper’s proposed mechanism rather than a directly tested effect on constructing specific episodes. (LLM, conf=0.88)
hedgedstates a possible cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The sources with a verdict support this claim; the rest weren’t checked yet, have no full text we could read, or their verdicts aren’t rated yet.
In the paper
“questions concerning the precise role of the hippocampus in episodic future thinking continue to be debated, with the evidence suggesting that different subregions of the hippocampus make distinct contributions to particular subprocesses that comprise episodic future thinking and related phenomena (59–60, 62).”
§ Episodic Future Thinking: Mechanisms and Functions > Neural mechanisms
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [59]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [60] source
- Supportedcites [62] source
The ‘Episodic memory and imagination’ section describes differing hippocampal engagement during imagined future events, memory construction, and elaboration. The ‘A model and future directions’ section assigns distinct roles to anterior and posterior regions while identifying unanswered questions about their precise functions. (LLM, conf=0.90)
hedgedstates an association- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
Every source the paper cites for this claim was checked and supports it.
In the paper
“some amnesic patients with hippocampal damage also exhibit deficits when imagining future experiences (25–26), but not all studies reveal such deficits (28).”
§ Episodic Future Thinking: Mechanisms and Functions > Neural mechanisms
What the sources say
- Supportedcites [25] source
The Discussion reports that patients with hippocampal damage were impaired in constructing future events. The Introduction describes this as a consistent finding but explicitly flags Squire et al. (2010) as an exception, supporting the qualification that not all studies reveal such deficits. (LLM, conf=0.88)
- Supportedcites [26] source
The citation to this paper supports the first clause, about deficits in imagining future experiences, not the separate claim attached to citation 28. In the Results, the patient with confirmed hippocampal-only damage produced significantly fewer details than controls when imagining future events. (LLM, conf=0.94)
- Supportedcites [28] source
The Abstract reports that, with supportive questioning in experiment 2, patients with hippocampal damage performed intact when imagining future episodes, despite deficits reported in earlier studies. This supports the portion attributed to this source: not all studies find such deficits. (LLM, conf=0.93)
plainstates an association- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Supported
Every source the paper cites for this claim was checked and supports it.
In the paper
“initial results linking the pulvinar nucleus of the thalamus to simulations of negative future events and the orbitofrontal cortex to positive events (55).”
§ Episodic Future Thinking: Mechanisms and Functions > Neural mechanisms
What the sources say
- Supportedcites [55] source
The Results section, “Regions demonstrating selective activity reductions for repeated simulations of negative and positive events,” reports selective reductions in the bilateral pulvinar nucleus for repeated negative simulations and in the bilateral orbitofrontal cortex for repeated positive simulations. These findings support the claimed links; specifically, they concern repetition-related neural activity. (LLM, conf=0.92)
plainstates an association- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Supported
Every source the paper cites for this claim was checked and supports it.
In the paper
“People that were particularly efficient at down-regulating their fears of the future by suppression were also less trait-anxious, suggesting that suppression constitutes a natural coping mechanism.”
§ Episodic Future Thinking: Mechanisms and Functions > Functions of episodic future thinking
What the sources say
- Supportedcites [86] source
In “The Impact of Suppression on Apprehensiveness Predicts Trait Anxiety,” greater reduction in future apprehensiveness by suppression was significantly associated with lower trait anxiety. That section also suggests suppression may function as a coping mechanism for some individuals; the Discussion similarly describes it as a possible effective coping mechanism. Page numbers were not provided in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.93)
hedgedstates an association- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Supported
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“when people simulate consuming the larger reward, they become more patient and shift to favoring this more farsighted choice (68–70).”
§ Episodic Future Thinking: Mechanisms and Functions > Functions of episodic future thinking
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [68] source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [69] source
- Partly supportedcites [70] sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Results report that participants prompted to think about future events discounted delayed monetary rewards less, supporting the shift toward the larger, later choice. But the Methods describe imagining future events, not specifically simulating consumption of the larger reward; that part is more specific than this study supports. The indexed passages provide section labels but no page numbers. (LLM, conf=0.86)
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: Future rewards are devalued as the delay to their delivery increases, which often leads to shortsighted choices of smaller, sooner rewards.
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“Some key issues remain controversial, such as the nature of hippocampal contributions to episodic future thinking, and the related question of the extent to which neural and cognitive signatures of episodic future thinking are specific to imagining future experiences as opposed to atemporal imagining or imagining counterfactuals to past experiences”
§ Episodic Future Thinking: Mechanisms and Functions > Conclusions
What the sources say
- Supportedcites [4] source
Split into 2 atoms — 2 confirmed, 0 partially supported, 0 disputed, 0 misattributed, 0 unverifiable. Expand the claim to see per-atom verdicts.
- Partly supportedcites [28] sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
Split into 2 atoms — 1 confirmed, 1 partially supported, 0 disputed, 0 misattributed, 0 unverifiable. Expand the claim to see per-atom verdicts.
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [39] source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Supported
Every source the paper cites for this claim was checked and supports it.
In the paper
“such suppression caused forgetting of details typically associated with the dreaded events, hindered the ability to subsequently imagine the events and, critically, also reduced apprehensiveness.”
§ Episodic Future Thinking: Mechanisms and Functions > Functions of episodic future thinking
What the sources say
- Supportedcites [86] source
The sections on forgetting typical details and imagining the feared future report worse recall of typical details and reduced episodic specificity after suppression. “Suppression Attenuates Apprehensiveness About the Future” reports lower apprehensiveness for suppressed events than for baseline events. (LLM, conf=0.94)
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Supported
Every source the paper cites for this claim was checked and supports it.
In the paper
“Evidence from thought sampling procedures indicates that episodic future thoughts occur frequently in everyday life and tend to be positively biased (66).”
§ Episodic Future Thinking: Mechanisms and Functions > Functions of episodic future thinking
What the sources say
- Supportedcites [66] source
The Results (‘Frequency, specificity, and context of occurrence of EmoFTs’) report an average of 28 emotional future-oriented thoughts over three days. The Discussion reports that positive forecasts were more frequent than negative ones, supporting a positivity bias in future-event content; it distinguishes this from emotions felt while thinking about the future, for which it found no positivity bias. (LLM, conf=0.89)
hedgedstates an association- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Supported
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“but were reduced in heavy social drinkers, who also show episodic simulation deficits (91).”
§ Episodic Future Thinking: Mechanisms and Functions > Functions of episodic future thinking
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites [91] sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Discussion reports that future event simulation improved time-based prospective memory in controls but not heavy drinkers, supporting a reduced benefit for that task. It also reports improved event-based performance in heavy drinkers and no group difference in imagery ratings; the Results likewise found no difference in imagery vividness. The claim that heavy drinkers show episodic simulation deficits is therefore not supported by this paper. (LLM, conf=0.88)
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Partly supported
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“engaging in episodic future thinking reduces calorie intake in both female undergraduates (71) and in overweight or obese women (72–73)”
§ Episodic Future Thinking: Mechanisms and Functions > Functions of episodic future thinking
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [71] source
- Supportedcites [72] source
The citation to this paper is attached to the overweight-or-obese-women portion of the sentence, not the female-undergraduates portion. The Methods > Participants section identifies 29 overweight or obese women, and the Results report that the EFT group consumed significantly fewer calories than the control group (540.44 versus 749.32). The indexed passages do not provide page numbers. (LLM, conf=0.93)
- Partly supportedcites [73] sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The introductory passage reports that episodic future thinking reduces energy intake in laboratory and field settings, supporting the general intake claim. But the Experiment 2 General Discussion says this paper measured discounting and food reinforcement, not energy intake, and its discussion of prior intake studies does not establish the claimed findings specifically for female undergraduates or overweight or obese women. No page numbers are provided in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.87)
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
Every source the paper cites for this claim was checked and supports it.
In the paper
“following ESI versus a control induction, participants generated more constructive steps to address a future worrisome event, were better able to reappraise the event, and showed improvements on several measures of subjective well-being (85).”
§ Episodic Future Thinking: Mechanisms and Functions > Functions of episodic future thinking
What the sources say
- Supportedcites [85] source
Split into 2 atoms — 2 confirmed, 0 partially supported, 0 disputed, 0 misattributed, 0 unverifiable. Expand the claim to see per-atom verdicts.
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Supported
In the paper
“It has been proposed that episodic future thinking depends critically on the episodic memory system, which is thought to underlie an individual’s ability to recollect past personal experiences (10).”
§ Episodic Future Thinking: Mechanisms and Functions > Mechanisms of episodic future thinking > Cognitive mechanisms
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [10] source
hedgedstates a possible cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
In the paper
“patients with semantic dementia, who typically exhibit severe problems with semantic memory despite relatively preserved episodic memory, exhibit marked impairments when imagining future experiences along with an intact ability to remember past experiences (30).”
§ Episodic Future Thinking: Mechanisms and Functions > Mechanisms of episodic future thinking > Cognitive mechanisms
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [30] source
plainstates an association- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“an ESI boosted subsequent production of internal details on the memory and imagination tasks, but had no effect on internal details in the picture description task and had no effect on the production of external details on any of the three tasks”
§ Episodic Future Thinking: Mechanisms and Functions > Mechanisms of episodic future thinking > Cognitive mechanisms
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [37]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Thus, ESI dissociated performance on the two tasks thought to draw on episodic retrieval (memory and imagination) from the non-episodic task (picture description), and also dissociated retrieval of episodic details from retrieval of semantic details during memory and imagination.”
§ Episodic Future Thinking: Mechanisms and Functions > Mechanisms of episodic future thinking > Cognitive mechanisms
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [37]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plainstates a causeSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Results revealed that distinct regions contribute to simulation of people (medial prefrontal cortex), interactions with objects (inferior frontal and premotor cortices) and locations (posterior cingulate/retrosplenial, parahippocampal and lateral parietal cortices).”
§ Episodic Future Thinking: Mechanisms and Functions > Neural mechanisms
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [53] source
plainstates an association- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“This core network, comprising regions in the medial temporal lobe (MTL), the posterior cingulate including retrosplenial cortex, medial prefrontal cortex, and lateral temporal and parietal regions largely corresponds to the well-known default network (45).”
§ Episodic Future Thinking: Mechanisms and Functions > Neural mechanisms
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [45] source
boostedstates an association- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“The hippocampus, however, was responsive to entirely novel events for which all elements (i.e., person, place, and scenario) had not been previously simulated, pointing toward a link between hippocampal activity and event novelty”
§ Episodic Future Thinking: Mechanisms and Functions > Neural mechanisms
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [53] source
hedgedstates an association- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“some default network regions (i.e., parahippocampal and retrosplenial cortices) show increased activity during episodic remembering relative to future imagining, likely reflecting enhanced contextual processing for the former compared with the latter (49).”
§ Episodic Future Thinking: Mechanisms and Functions > Neural mechanisms
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [49]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedgedstates an association- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“Palombo et al. nonetheless acknowledged that it is unclear whether their findings are a consequence of imagining specific vs. general events or high vs. low scene construction demands (for further discussion, see 65).”
§ Episodic Future Thinking: Mechanisms and Functions > Neural mechanisms
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [61]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [65]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“There has been significant progress in characterizing the mechanisms that support episodic future thinking, and in identifying functions that episodic future thinking serves (see Figure 2).”
§ Episodic Future Thinking: Mechanisms and Functions > Conclusions
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Taken together, the evidence suggests that the contribution of the vmPFC to episodic simulation may be twofold: accessing schematic knowledge and processing anticipated affect.”
§ Episodic Future Thinking: Mechanisms and Functions > Neural mechanisms
hedgedstates a possible cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“multi-voxel pattern analysis revealed that hippocampal activity patterns were linked to prospective navigational goals as participants planned their routes, and that the strength of these goal-related representations was associated with goal-related activity in other core network regions (105).”
§ Episodic Future Thinking: Mechanisms and Functions > Functions of episodic future thinking
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [105] source
plainstates an association- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Overall these findings both highlight a functional benefit of episodic future thinking for prospective memory and also suggest a link between the two forms of prospection”
§ Episodic Future Thinking: Mechanisms and Functions > Functions of episodic future thinking
hedgedstates an association- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper relies on this without support.
Future rewards are devalued as the delay to their delivery increases, which often leads to shortsighted choices of smaller, sooner rewards.
“Typically, future rewards are devalued in relation to the extent of delay (i.e., temporally discounted), often leading to shortsighted choices of the smaller reward option.”
Citations
Cites
Episodic memory: from mind to brain
Tulving, E. (2002) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.53.100901.135114 · Cited by 4,950 · cited 1×
“It has been proposed that episodic future thinking depends critically on the episodic memory system, which is thought to underlie an individual’s ability to recollect past personal experiences (10).”
BackgroundThe brain's default mode network
Raichle, M. E. (2015) · Annual Review of Neuroscience · doi:10.1146/annurev-neuro-071013-014030 · Cited by 3,904
Remembering the past to imagine the future: the prospective brain
Schacter, D. L., Addis, D. R., & Buckner, R. L. (2007) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn2213 · Cited by 2,394
Self-citationThe cognitive neuroscience of constructive memory: remembering the past and imagining the future
Schacter, D. L., & Addis, D. R. (2007) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2007.2087 · Cited by 1,836 · cited 1×
“One formulation of this view, referred to as the constructive episodic simulation hypothesis [11], holds that episodic memory supports future simulation by allowing people to flexibly retrieve and recombine elements of past experiences into novel representations of events that might occur in the future.”
BackgroundSelf-citationAging and autobiographical memory: dissociating episodic from semantic retrieval
Levine, B., Svoboda, E., Hay, J. F., Winocur, G., & Moscovitch, M. (2002) · Psychology and Aging · doi:10.1037/0882-7974.17.4.677 · Cited by 1,521 · cited 1×
“Some of the key cognitive evidence supporting a role for episodic memory in future imagining comes from studies using the Autobiographical Interview (AI [15]).”
MethodThe future of memory: remembering, imagining, and the brain
Schacter, D. L., Addis, D. R., Hassabis, D., Martin, V. C., Spreng, R. N., & Szpunar, K. K. (2012) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2012.11.001 · Cited by 1,398 · cited 3×
“Although this issue was addressed in several early studies of episodic future thinking (for review, see [4]), novel approaches have appeared during the past few years [42 ,50,51].”
BackgroundSelf-citationAtance, C. M., & O'Neill, D. K. (2001) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/s1364-6613(00)01804-0 · Cited by 1,300
Prospection: experiencing the future
Gilbert, D. T., & Wilson, T. D. (2007) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1144161 · Cited by 1,238 · cited 1×
“Episodic future thinking is just one of several forms of future thinking or prospection (8).”
BackgroundPeters, J., & Büchel, C. (2010) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2010.03.026 · Cited by 871 · cited 2×
“Initial fMRI evidence pointed toward a role for the hippocampus in mediating effects of simulation on temporal discounting [68,69,76].”
BackgroundVentromedial prefrontal–subcortical systems and the generation of affective meaning
Roy, M., Shohamy, D., & Wager, T. D. (2012) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2012.01.005 · Cited by 856 · cited 1×
“different functions, including memory but also the representation of value and affect [98].”
Background
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 301–400 of 785
La projection vers le futur : neuropsychologie, neuro-imagerie et psychopathologie
Charretier, L., Eustache, F., & Quinette, P. (2021) · Annales Médico-psychologiques revue psychiatrique · doi:10.1016/j.amp.2021.11.017 · Cited by 9
Noël, X., Saeremans, M., Kornreich, C., Chatard, A., Jaafari, N., & D’Argembeau, A. (2022) · Alcoholism Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1111/acer.14763 · Cited by 9
The importance of thinking about the future in culture and cumulative cultural evolution
Vale, G. L., Coughlin, C. A., & Brosnan, S. F. (2022) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2021.0349 · Cited by 9
“improved decision making or spatial navigation; see [31]), we speculate that these advantages extend to one’s social group, perhaps allowing for more flexible implementation of cultural behaviour (see below for further discussion).”
BackgroundHallford, D. J., Takano, K., Raes, F., et al. (2019) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/5uyba · Cited by 9
Beyond Impulse Control - Toward a Comprehensive Neural Account of Future-Oriented Decision Making.
Kapetaniou, G. E., & Soutschek, A. (2025) · Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2025.106115 · Cited by 8
“Prospection is the ability to vividly imagine future events (Schacter et al., 2017; Szpunar et al., 2014).”
Promoting future-oriented thought in an academic context
Coughlin, C. A., Prabhakar, J., D’Esposito, Z., Thigpen, B., & Ghetti, S. (2022) · Cognitive Development · doi:10.1016/j.cogdev.2022.101183 · Cited by 8
Alternative Object Use in Adults and Children: Embodied Cognitive Bases of Creativity
Gubenko, A., & Houssemand, C. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.893420 · Cited by 15
Wei, J., & Xia, L. (2023) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci14010043 · Cited by 9
“Both regions are also involved in reward anticipation [50,51], representing the subjective value and personal significance of anticipated events [29,36,67], which may underlie the brain basis of the motivational function of aggressive POE.”
BackgroundHernández, D. A., Griffith, C. X., Deffner, A. M., Nkulu, H., Hovhannisyan, M., Ruiz, J. M., Andrews‐Hanna, J. R., & Grilli, M. D. (2024) · Psychological Research · doi:10.1007/s00426-024-01938-9 · Cited by 10
“Assessing episodic specificity in the laboratory provides insight into not only everyday memory, but also a host of cognitive functions that rely on memory retrieval, including future thinking, decision-making, and creativity (Madore et al., 2014; Schacter et al., 2007, 2017).”
Cao, X., Wang, D., & Yan, W. A. N. G. (2020) · Acta Psychologica Sinica · doi:10.3724/sp.j.1041.2020.00982 · Cited by 7
Written or drawn episodic future thinking cues improves delay discounting in adults
Carr, K. A., Hollis‐Hansen, K., Austin, K. L., & Epstein, L. H. (2021) · Learning and Motivation · doi:10.1016/j.lmot.2021.101727 · Cited by 9
Warne, N., & Rice, F. J. (2021) · Journal of Cognitive Psychology · doi:10.1080/20445911.2021.1922418 · Cited by 9
Lalla, A., & Sheldon, S. (2021) · Emotion · doi:10.1037/emo0001050 · Cited by 10
A clinically applicable functional MRI memory paradigm for use with pediatric patients
Shurtleff, H. A., Poliakov, A. V., Barry, D., Wright, J. N., Warner, M. H., Novotny, E. J., Marashly, A., Buckley, R. T., Goldstein, H. E., Hauptman, J. S., et al. (2021) · Epilepsy & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.yebeh.2021.108461 · Cited by 8
Janssen, J., Oudman, E., Irish, M., & Postma, A. (2022) · Memory & Cognition · doi:10.3758/s13421-021-01262-2 · Cited by 10
Ageing, dementia and the future – ambivalent futurework in rehabilitation-focused dementia care
Thuesen, J., & Graff, L. (2022) · Dementia · doi:10.1177/14713012221117412 · Cited by 10
“Likewise, neuropsychological research has dealt with impairments in imagination and future thinking in dementia (Schacter et al., 2017; Strikwerda-Brown et al., 2019).”
BackgroundThe effect of imagery rescripting on prospective mental imagery of a feared social situation
Landkroon, E., Salemink, E., Meyerbröker, K., Barzilay, S., Kalanthroff, E., Huppert, J. D., & Engelhard, I. M. (2022) · Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2022.101764 · Cited by 8
Kamber, E., Mazachowsky, T. R., & Mahy, C. E. V. (2022) · Journal of Cognition and Development · doi:10.1080/15248372.2022.2149527 · Cited by 9
“…domain-general cognitive (e.g., self-concept, executive function, and episodic memory) and language abilities (e.g., expressive vocabulary, temporal word, time metaphor use, and daily talk) contribute to future-oriented cognition (e.g., Schacter, Benoit, & Szpunar, 2017; Ünal & Hohenberger, 2017).”
Chew, H. S. J., Li, J., & Chng, S. (2023) · Psychology and Health · doi:10.1080/08870446.2023.2169320 · Cited by 8
“This could be due to an increase in salience and vividness of domain-specific eFT that increases the temporal proximity of an anticipated event, thereby reducing the temporal discounting and inertia to act towards the event (Schacter et al., 2017).”
InfluentialCisler, J. M., Tamman, A. J. F., & Fonzo, G. A. (2023) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291723000478 · Cited by 7
“…choice as a form of mental simulation of future events (i.e. neural ‘ preplay ’ ) (Biderman et al., 2020; Doll, Duncan, Simon, Shohamy, & Daw, 2015; Schacter et al., 2017; Shadlen & Shohamy, 2016; Sosa & Giocomo, 2021; Widloski & Foster, 2022; Wikenheiser & Redish, 2015; Yu & Frank, 2015;…”
BackgroundInfluentialTravel Planning Ability in Right Brain-Damaged Patients: Two Case Reports
Bocchi, A., Palmiero, M., Boccia, M., Vita, A. D., Guariglia, C., & Piccardi, L. (2020) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2020.00117 · Cited by 8
“, 2010), spatial navigational planning (Martinet et al., 2011; Schacter et al., 2017; Carrieri et al., 2018: Bocchi et al., 2017) or, even, travel planning (TP; Bocchi et al.”
BackgroundThe “Who” System of the Human Brain: A System for Social Cognition About the Self and Others
Brown, S. (2020) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2020.00224 · Cited by 10
“Such decision-making processes require that people simulate the outcomes of these alternative strategies using what psychologists refer to as episodic future thinking (Schacter et al., 2017), by which people visualize not only the future outcome that they desire but also the strategies that they can potentially employ…”
BackgroundZhang, R., Chen, Z., Xu, T., & Feng, T. (2020) · International Journal of Psychophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2020.11.014 · Cited by 8
Why We Imagine Our Future: Introducing the Functions of Future Thinking Scale (FoFTS)Preprint
Hallford, D. J., & D’Argembeau, A. (2020) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/bez4u · Cited by 8
Shin, W.-G., Jyung, M., Choi, I., & Sul, S. (2023) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-023-44001-0 · Cited by 10
“Given that the vmPFC is involved in episodic future thinking and processing the episode’s affective value 31–34 , our finding indicates that the FCs of the vmPFC associated with FWB can contribute to representing upcoming positive events and generating anticipatory feelings of interest.”
BackgroundPersson, D. R., Bardram, J. E., & Bækgaard, P. (2024) · Digital Health · doi:10.1177/20552076241245583 · Cited by 7
Tuyizere, O., Gustafson, C. R., & Rose, D. J. (2024) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu16101454 · Cited by 9
“In the absence of EFT (or other interventions), future rewards tend to be devalued, while immediate rewards are likely to be overestimated, leading to shortsighted choices [54].”
BackgroundLau‐Zhu, A., Chan, C., Gibson, D., Stark, E., Wang, J., Happe, F. G. E., Stacey, J., & Cooper, M. (2024) · Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology · doi:10.1007/s10802-024-01232-7 · Cited by 10
“Episodic future thinking (FT) represents a form of “hot” cognition that involves simulating the future often recruiting mental imagery (Schacter et al., 2017), a representational format with privileged links to emotions (Ji et al., 2019).”
Ants Can Anticipate the Following Quantity in an Arithmetic Sequence
Cammaerts, M., & Cammaerts, R. (2021) · Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.3390/bs11020018 · Cited by 7
“The latter capacity to organize current action in view of anticipated events has been called episodic foresight [9] or episodic future thinking [10].”
BackgroundAn Adaptive Motivation Approach to Understanding the ‘How’ and ‘Why’ of Wellbeing
Rusk, R. D. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph191912784 · Cited by 7
“Neuroscientific research suggests that prospection plays a critical role in planned behaviour [43,44].”
BackgroundThe role of depressive symptoms in the interplay between aging and temporal processing
Buzi, G., Eustache, F., D’Argembeau, A., & Hinault, T. (2023) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-023-38500-3 · Cited by 6
“…travel to the past (episodic autobiographical memory) and to the future (episodic future thinking are thought to rely on a partially shared set of brain regions including medial temporal and frontal lobes, posterior cingulate and retrosplenial cortex, and lateral parietal and temporal areas 24 .”
Yang, Z.-Y., Xia, L., Fu, Y., Zheng, Y., Zhao, M., Feng, Z., & Shi, C. (2023) · Brain Topography · doi:10.1007/s10548-023-01011-5 · Cited by 7
“Engagement of the default mode network (DMN) has been consistently observed in mental time travel, including prospection and autobiographical memory (Schacter and Addis 2007; Schacter et al. 2017).”
Akbari, M., Jamshidi, S., Seydavi, M., & Hallford, D. J. (2023) · Applied Cognitive Psychology · doi:10.1002/acp.4148 · Cited by 7
Beaudoin, M. E., Jones, K. M., Jerome, B., Martinez, D., George, T., & Pandža, N. B. (2024) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1335864 · Cited by 7
“…we note that the literature has partly focused on factors that may improve creativity (e.g., Scott et al., 2004 ), adaptability (e.g., Kroneisen et al., 2021) and decision-making (e.g., Fukukura et al., 2013; Schacter et al., 2017), suggesting that these constructs are susceptible to change.”
BackgroundCreative Evaluation: The Role of Memory in Novelty & Effectiveness Judgements
Orwig, W., Beaty, R. E., Benedek, M., & Schacter, D. L. (2024) · Creativity Research Journal · doi:10.1080/10400419.2024.2322856 · Cited by 7
“…simulation leverages past experiences to envision the practical unfolding of creative ideas; it constitutes a powerful tool for navigating the inherent uncertainty associated with novelty, allowing individuals to transcend the limitations of the present environment (Schacter et al., 2012, 2017).”
Self-citationManipulating the Valence of Future Thought: The Effect on Affect
Grant, J. B., & Wilson, N. (2020) · Psychological Reports · doi:10.1177/0033294119900346 · Cited by 7
Understanding future thinking among school-age children : A review of studies
Loose, T., & Vásquez‐Echeverría, A. (2021) · European Journal of Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1080/17405629.2021.1932457 · Cited by 7
“Episodic foresight refers to ‘the capacity to imagine or simulate experiences that might occur in one’s personal future’ (Schacter et al., 2017, p. 41).”
BackgroundThe impact of the narrative mindset on effectivity in social problem solving
Trzebiński, J., Czarnecka, J. Z., & Cabański, M. (2021) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0253729 · Cited by 8
“Our experiential knowledge plays a significant role in reasoning, such as social problemsolving and imagining and planning the future [74].”
BackgroundWilliams, K., Snytte, J., & Sheldon, S. (2022) · Journal of Behavioral and Cognitive Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.jbct.2022.02.002 · Cited by 7
Experiencing time elapse phenomenon in nostalgia: effect on consumption behavior in adulthood
Duarte, M. S., & Rajagopal, N. A. (2022) · Qualitative Research Journal · doi:10.1108/qrj-03-2022-0052 · Cited by 7
Peter, S. C., Murphy, J. G., Witkiewitz, K. A., Hand, S. B., Thomas, F., Johnson, K., Cowan, R. L., Harris, M., & Derefinko, K. J. (2023) · Trials · doi:10.1186/s13063-023-07102-9 · Cited by 11
“This includes an episodic future thinking exercise where the individual vividly imagines and describes a positive future event associated with treatment adherence and achieving sobriety, as well as ongoing planning to engage in specific substance-free activities, and the SOBER breathing space exercise [34, 42, 43].”
BackgroundSouvenirs, souvenirs : une étude de la relation bien-être au travail rétrospectif – bien-être actuel
Biétry, F., Creusier, J., & Lemarie-Quillerier, S. (2019) · Revue de gestion des ressources humaines · doi:10.3917/grhu.113.0003 · Cited by 9
Whole-brain white matter correlates of personality profiles predictive of subjective well-being
Kotikalapudi, R., Dricu, M., Moser, D. A., & Aue, T. (2022) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-022-08686-z · Cited by 8
Imagination and Self-Referential Thinking
D’Argembeau, A. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108580298.022 · Cited by 7
Value shapes the structure of schematic representations in the medial prefrontal cortexPreprint
Paulus, P. C., Charest, I., & Benoit, R. G. (2020) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2020.08.21.260950 · Cited by 9
Self-citationBellmund, J. L. S., Deuker, L., Montijn, N. D., & Doeller, C. F. (2021) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2021.04.23.440002 · Cited by 7
“More broadly, abstract semantic or schematic knowledge may provide a scaffold for the recall of episodic details (Greenberg and Verfaellie, 2010; Irish and Piguet, 2013; Schacter et al., 2017; Addis, 2020).”
BackgroundBulley, A., Lempert, K. M., Conwell, C., Irish, M., & Schacter, D. L. (2021) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/w5zuk · Cited by 7
Self-citationHallford, D. J., Austin, D., Takano, K., & Raes, F. (2021) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/xwfhq · Cited by 7
The use of episodic future thinking in people with overweight or obesity: A scoping review
Liu, Y., Huang, S., Feng, D., Lang, X., Wang, Q., & Zhang, K. (2023) · Medicine · doi:10.1097/md.0000000000034269 · Cited by 6
“[15,16] Linking future goal events to current events in as much detail as possible to help develop cues they can recall on a daily basis promotes health-related decision-making (For example, “Taking a family holiday at the end of this month and people are complimenting me on my glowing skin and…”
Hallford, D. J., Austin, D., Takano, K., Yeow, J. J. E., Rusanov, D., Fuller‐Tyszkiewicz, M., & Raes, F. (2024) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2024.04.078 · Cited by 14
Hallford, D. J., Seydavi, M., & Akbari, M. (2024) · Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy · doi:10.1002/cpp.2978 · Cited by 6
Lau‐Zhu, A., Stacey, J., Gibson, D., Chan, C., & Cooper, M. J. (2024) · Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy · doi:10.1017/s1352465824000298 · Cited by 6
“First, from a neuroscientific perspective, the evolved function of mental imagery is to predict threats (Schacter et al ., 2017), suggesting its central role in the over-estimation of threats in clinical conditions.”
Resilience phenotypes derived from an active inference account of allostasis
Harrison, L., Gracias, A. J., Friston, K. J., & Buckwalter, J. G. (2025) · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2025.1524722 · Cited by 11
“Episodic future thinking has also been associated with performance enhancement in such diverse dimensions as decision-making, emotion regulation, prospective memory and spatial navigation (Schacter et al., 2017).”
Neural correlates of mental time travel in individuals with high level of schizotypy
Ye, J., Qin, X., Cui, J., Shi, H., Liu, J.-L., Huang, J., Wang, Y., Yang, T., Lui, S. S. Y., Wang, Y., et al. (2023) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2023.110734 · Cited by 6
Xue, B., Feng, Y., Zheng, J., Li, X., Zhao, Y., Yang, X., Zhang, Y., Wang, S., Hu, Z., & Luo, H. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1216036 · Cited by 6
“Simulating future scenarios provides crucial functional benefits such as visionary decision-making (Sze et al., 2017), emotional regulation (Hallford et al., 2022), and the formation of intentions and plans (Schacter et al., 2017).”
BackgroundGoger, P., Nam, R. J., Lowry, N. J., Bell, K., Parvez, N., Pollak, O. H., Robinaugh, D. J., Schacter, D. L., & Cha, C. B. (2024) · JCPP Advances · doi:10.1002/jcv2.12236 · Cited by 6
“One potentially promising treatment target is episodic future thinking, or the ability to imagine 1 a specific personal event occurring in the future (Schacter et al., 2017).”
BackgroundSelf-citationEpisodic Future Thinking With Offline Reinforcement Learning for Autonomous Driving
Lee, D., & Kwon, M. (2025) · IEEE Internet of Things Journal · doi:10.1109/jiot.2025.3535594 · Cited by 6
“Such a perspective is consistent with the philosophy of an EFT mechanism [14], wherein an agent foresees the future without executing its actions for decision making and performs actions based on the predicted future.”
Zhong, Z., Ren, H., & Wang, S. (2025) · Journal of Organizational Behavior · doi:10.1002/job.2891 · Cited by 9
Manipulating the temporal locus and content of mind-wandering
Liefgreen, A., Dalton, M. A., & Maguire, E. A. (2020) · Consciousness and Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.concog.2020.102885 · Cited by 8
Feasibility of Intervention Program to Prevent Adolescent Health-Compromising Behaviors
Lee, C., & Liao, L. (2021) · The Journal of School Nursing · doi:10.1177/10598405211046198 · Cited by 6
“Another strategy that has been used in this regard is episodic future thinking, which is the projection of oneself into the future to pre-experience forthcoming events, which promotes clari fi cation and awareness of one ’ s future, enhances learning about the self, and extends the subjective time from past and present…”
BackgroundChang, M., Tan, A., Schaffir, J., Wegener, D. T., Worly, B. L., Strafford, K. E., Soma, L., Sampsell, C., & Rosen, M. A. (2023) · Journal of Pediatrics Perinatology and Child Health · doi:10.26502/jppch.74050139 · Cited by 6
“[17,18] Also, episodic future thinking enhances cognitive ability to generate and implement plans for achieving goals by connecting goals and motivation.”
BackgroundKawata, K. H. D. S., Hirano, K., Hamamoto, Y., Oi, H., Kanno, A., Kawashima, R., & Sugiura, M. (2023) · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2023.1143450 · Cited by 7
“, 2018) and future thinking (Stawarczyk and D’Argembeau, 2015; Schacter et al., 2017), but the view remains mixed regarding how spontaneous engagement of such problem-solving systems is related to individual problem-solving capacity.”
BackgroundPollak, O. H., Shin, K. E., Baroni, A., Gerson, R. S., Bell, K., Tezanos, K. M., Fernandes, S. N., Robinaugh, D. J., Schacter, D. L., Spirito, A., et al. (2023) · European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s00787-023-02219-3 · Cited by 6
“Future thinking supports important domains of functioning (e.g., decision-making; goal-setting; intention formation) [10] and is recruited during safety planning when individuals mentally simulate circumstances in which they may experience suicide warning signs, imagine enacting coping strategies,…”
Self-citationMarks, J., Schneider, S., & Voigt, B. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1211986 · Cited by 11
Uncertainty salience reduces the accessibility of episodic future thoughts
Terpini, M., & D’Argembeau, A. (2024) · Psychological Research · doi:10.1007/s00426-024-01962-9 · Cited by 10
“These experimental manipulations have provided important insight into the cognitive mechanisms underlying the imagination of future events (Schacter et al., 2017).”
Levens, S. M., Henson, S. J. S., Padro, M., Martin, L. E., Trucco, E. M., Cooperman, N. A., Baldwin, A. S., Kassianos, A. P., & Mdege, N. D. (2018) · JMIR Research Protocols · doi:10.2196/12265 · Cited by 6
“Evidence from thought sampling procedures indicates that episodic future thoughts occur frequently in everyday life and serve a range of functions, including decision making, emotion regulation, intention formation, and planning [21].”
Episodic foresight and stroke.
Lyons, A. D., Henry, J. D., Robinson, G. A., Rendell, P. G., & Suddendorf, T. (2019) · Neuropsychology · doi:10.1037/neu0000495 · Cited by 6
Rodríguez, M. Á. A., Villoria, E. D., & Fernández, Á. (2020) · Behavior Research Methods · doi:10.3758/s13428-020-01434-z · Cited by 6
Parkinson’s disease disrupts the ability to initiate and apply episodic foresight
Coundouris, S. P., Henry, J. D., Rendell, P. G., & Lehn, A. (2022) · Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society · doi:10.1017/s1355617722000182 · Cited by 7
“Specifically, many of the neural structures and pathways believed to be critical to engage in foresight (Benoit & Schacter, 2015; Schacter et al., 2007, 2017), are also disrupted in PD (e.g., Brück et al., 2004; Camicioli et al., 2004; Klobušiaková et al., 2019; Niethammer et al., 2012; Pelizzari…”
BackgroundAutobiographical MemoryPreprint
Fan, C. L., Simpson, S., Sokolowski, H. M., et al. (2022) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/9c6b8 · Cited by 6
Mixing memory and desire: How memory reactivation supports deliberative decision-making.Preprint
Wang, S., Feng, S. F., & Bornstein, A. M. (2020) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/5vksj · Cited by 6
Janowicz, K., Piotrowski, K., & Bakiera, L. T. (2024) · Emerging Adulthood · doi:10.1177/21676968241292386 · Cited by 5
“People may adopt various modes of future thinking (Szpunar et al., 2014) and bene fi t from that in many ways (Schacter et al., 2017).”
When immersive technologies drive service brand outcomes: the role of episodic future thinking
Baiwir, L., Dessart, L., & Delcourt, C. (2025) · Journal of Service Theory and Practice · doi:10.1108/jstp-10-2024-0351 · Cited by 5
Wang, F., & Pan, X. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-03894-9 · Cited by 7
Time's Influence: A Systematic Review of Biases in Intertemporal Decision-Making
Tas, P. G., Maknoon, Y., & Rezaei, J. (2025) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev-psych-091924-040158 · Cited by 7
Targeting Positive Affect as a Way to Improve Social Anhedonia in Schizophrenia
Catalano, L. T., Patel, P. K., Weittenhiller, L. P., & Green, M. F. (2025) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/sbaf117 · Cited by 5
Epstein, L. H., Bickel, W. K., Carr, K. A., & Anzman‐Frasca, S. (2025) · Obesity Reviews · doi:10.1111/obr.70060 · Cited by 4
Do imprinting effects on CEOs affect tourism and hospitality enterprises’ corporate innovation?
Shan, Y., Shi, D., & Xu, S. (2024) · International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management · doi:10.1108/ijchm-05-2023-0707 · Cited by 5
Differences in Discounting Behavior and Brain Responses for Food and Money Reward
Markman, M., Saruco, E., Al-Bas, S., Wang, B., Rose, J., Ohla, K., Lim, X. L., Schicker, D., Freiherr, J., Weygandt, M., et al. (2024) · eNeuro · doi:10.1523/eneuro.0153-23.2024 · Cited by 6
“…the context of money discounting, individuals may rely more on episodic memory and future planning, thus engaging the hippocampus (Guo et al., 2022; Schacter et al., 2017), whereas food choices are in fl uenced more by sensory and immediate experiences (Gibson, 2006), probably requiring less…”
BackgroundPerner, J. (2025) · doi:10.1093/9780191879074.001.0001 · Cited by 6
Xu, T., Chen, Z., & Feng, T. (2019) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2019.112111 · Cited by 4
Kostyrka‐Allchorne, K., Cooper, N. R., Wass, S. V., Fenner, B., Gooding, P., Hussain, S., Rao, V., & Sonuga-Barke, E. J. S. (2020) · Journal of Adolescence · doi:10.1016/j.adolescence.2020.07.003 · Cited by 7
Beyond good and bad: Reflexive imperativism, not evaluativism, explains valence
Barlassina, L. (2020) · Thought: A Journal of Philosophy · doi:10.1002/tht3.471 · Cited by 8
Leian, L. U., Wang, C., & Ren, J. (2021) · Advances in Psychological Science · doi:10.3724/sp.j.1042.2021.01086 · Cited by 5
Afterlife future thinking: imagining oneself beyond death
Tungjitcharoen, W., & Berntsen, D. (2022) · Memory & Cognition · doi:10.3758/s13421-022-01308-z · Cited by 7
Effects of Episodic Future Thinking on Delay and Effort Discounting
Peck, S., & Madden, G. J. (2022) · The Psychological Record · doi:10.1007/s40732-022-00516-y · Cited by 7
Schuerbeek, P. V., Wandel, L. D., & Baeken, C. (2022) · Biomedical Physics & Engineering Express · doi:10.1088/2057-1976/ac63f0 · Cited by 5
Vaccaro, A. G., Heydari, P., Christov‐Moore, L., Damásio, A. R., & Kaplan, J. (2022) · Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience · doi:10.1093/scan/nsac035 · Cited by 4
“By this account, the vmPFC could serve to ‘simulate’ the affective experience being evoked (Keysers and Gazzola, 2007; Schacter et al., 2017).”
BackgroundWalking on a minefield: planning, remembering, and avoiding obstacles: preliminary findings
Bocchi, A., Palmiero, M., & Piccardi, L. (2022) · Experimental Brain Research · doi:10.1007/s00221-022-06391-x · Cited by 5
“Indeed, TP seems to rely on the cooperation of several areas instead of a specific region (Martinet et al. 2011; Ekstrom et al. 2014; Spiers and Gilbert 2015; Schacter et al. 2017).”
BackgroundGuo, Y., Wu, H., Li, Z., Le, Z., & Feng, T. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.992245 · Cited by 7
Craft, W. H., Dwyer, C. L., Tomlinson, D. C., Yeh, Y., Tegge, A. N., & Bickel, W. K. (2023) · Alcoholism Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1111/acer.15020 · Cited by 5
Applying drama methods in foresight: Supporting futures agency and creating in-depth futures knowing
Myllyoja, J. (2023) · Futures · doi:10.1016/j.futures.2023.103305 · Cited by 6
Jimenez, C. G., & D’Argembeau, A. (2024) · Consciousness and Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.concog.2024.103649 · Cited by 9
Goal-Directed Sequences in the Hippocampus
Schmidt, B., Wikenheiser, A. M., & Redish, A. D. (2018) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-812098-9.00006-1 · Cited by 5
Deficits of Prospective Capacity as Possible Mechanism in Pathogenesis of Alcohol Dependence
Дмитриевна, Т. О., Shustov, D. I., Агибалова, Т. В., & Shustova, S. A. (2019) · Counseling Psychology and Psychotherapy · doi:10.17759/cpp.2019270106 · Cited by 5
Purkart, R., Vallet, G. T., & Versace, R. (2019) · L’Année psychologique · doi:10.3917/anpsy1.191.0025 · Cited by 5
The Missing Link Between Memory and Reinforcement Learning
Balkenius, C., Tjøstheim, T. A., Johansson, B., Wallin, A., & Gärdenfors, P. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.560080 · Cited by 4
“We want to propose that decisions like these are made not by direct evaluation of the item in front of us, but by imagining a future where we have made a particular choice (Atance and O’Neill, 2001; Schacter et al., 2017).”
BackgroundNeural Representations of Death in the Cortical Midline Structures Promote Temporal Discounting
Yanagisawa, K., Kashima, E. S., Shigemune, Y., Nakai, R., & Abe, N. (2021) · Cerebral Cortex Communications · doi:10.1093/texcom/tgab013 · Cited by 5
Travel planning in men and women. Who is better?
Bocchi, A., Palmiero, M., & Piccardi, L. (2021) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-021-01451-x · Cited by 6
Metadata
- Authors
- Schacter, D. L., Benoit, R. G., & Szpunar, K. K.
- Affiliations
- Harvard University (US)
- Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences (DE)
- University of Illinois Chicago (US)
- Corresponding author
- Schacter, Daniel L
- Venue
- Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2017-10
- Volume
- 17
- Pages
- 41-50
- ISSN
- 2352-1546 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5675579
- OpenAlex
- W2706581752
- Cited by
- 771
- References
- 120
- Citations by year
- 2026: 95 · 2025: 95 · 2024: 94 · 2023: 92 · 2022: 110 · 2021: 99 · 2020: 76 · 2019: 57 · 2018: 42 · 2017: 11
- FWCI
- 5.68
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- europepmc.org
- Locations
- Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- MPG.PuRe (Max Planck Society) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
- National Institutes of Health (5r01ag008441-30)
- National Institute on Aging (R01-AG008441, R37AG008441)
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH060941)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory Processes and Influences
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Cognitive Functions and Memory
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Identity, Memory, and Therapy
- Keywords
- episodic future thinking, mental time travel, future simulation, neural mechanisms, brain networks, cognitive processes, decision-making, emotion regulation, prospective memory, spatial navigation
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