Medial temporal lobe damage causes deficits in episodic memory and episodic future thinking not attributable to deficits in narrative construction
Open accessAbstract
The medial temporal lobe (MTL) makes critical contributions to episodic memory, but its contributions to episodic future thinking remain a matter of debate. By one view, imagining future events relies on MTL mechanisms that also support memory for past events. Alternatively, it has recently been suggested that future thinking is independent of MTL-mediated processes and can be supported by regions outside the MTL. The current study investigated the nature and necessity of MTL involvement in imagining the future and tested the novel hypothesis that the MTL contributes to future thinking by supporting online binding processes related to narrative construction. Human amnesic patients with well characterized MTL damage and healthy controls constructed narratives about (1) future events, (2) past events, and (3) visually presented pictures. While all three tasks place similar demands on narrative construction, only the past and future conditions require memory/future thinking to mentally generate relevant narrative information. Patients produced impoverished descriptions of both past and future events but were unimpaired at producing detailed picture narratives. In addition, future-thinking performance positively correlated with episodic memory performance but did not correlate with picture narrative performance. Finally, future-thinking impairments were present when MTL lesions were restricted to the hippocampus and did not depend on the presence of neural damage outside the MTL. These results indicate that the ability to generate and maintain a detailed narrative is preserved in amnesia and suggest that a common MTL mechanism supports both episodic memory and episodic future thinking.
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Reductions in episodic detail for both past and future events on the Autobiographical Interview and related procedures have been documented in multiple patient populations, including depression, PTSD, amnesic syndrome, Alzheimer's disease, temporal lobe epilepsy, schizophrenia, prefrontal lesions, and long-term opiate users.
“Reductions in episodic detail for both past and future events using the AI and related procedures have also been documented in various patient populations”
From Episodic Future Thinking: Mechanisms and Functions (2017) · cites this paper as [26]
The Results report fewer episodic details for both past and future events in patients than in controls, and Materials and Methods > Scoring says the study used an adapted Autobiographical Interview procedure. Materials and Methods > Participants identifies these patients as people with amnesia and medial temporal lobe lesions. The paper does not document the claimed reductions across the other listed patient populations. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredSome amnesic patients with hippocampal damage exhibit deficits when imagining future experiences, but not all studies reveal such deficits.
“some amnesic patients with hippocampal damage also exhibit deficits when imagining future experiences (25–26), but not all studies reveal such deficits (28).”
From Episodic Future Thinking: Mechanisms and Functions (2017) · cites this paper as [26]
The demonstration that semantic memory contributes to the imagining of personal episodic future events, and future self-representations, represents an expansion to the current view of episodic future thinking which, to date, has focused primarily on the role of the medial temporal lobe and episodic memory.
“The demonstration that semantic memory contributes to the imagining of personal episodic future events, and future selfrepresentations (Duval et al., 2012), represents an expansion to the current view of episodic future thinking which, to date, has focused primarily on the role of the medial temporal lobe and episodic memory (Schacter and Addis, 2007a, b;Race et al., 2011).”
From Considering the role of semantic memory in episodic future thinking: evidence from semantic dementia (2012) · cites this paper as Race et al., 2011
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Self-citationZeman, A. Z. J., Beschin, N., Dewar, M., & Della Sala, S. (2013) · Cortex · doi:10.1016/j.cortex.2012.03.008 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Cole, S. N., Morrison, C. M., Barak, O., Pauly‐Takacs, K., & Conway, M. A. (2016) · British Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1111/bjc.12094 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
- Authors
- Race, E., Keane, M. M., & Verfaellie, M.
- Affiliations
- Boston University (US)
- Venue
- Journal of Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Society for Neuroscience
- Published
- 2011-07-13
- Volume
- 31
- Issue
- 28
- Pages
- 10262-10269
- ISSN
- 0270-6474 (ISSN-L)
- 1529-2401
- PMC
- PMC4539132
- OpenAlex
- W2055540478
- Cited by
- 328
- References
- 57
- Citations by year
- 2026: 12 · 2025: 19 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 24 · 2019: 22 · 2018: 26 · 2017: 28 · 2016: 33 · 2015: 30 · 2014: 23 · 2013: 26 · 2012: 28
- FWCI
- 12.98
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- public-domain
- Locations
- Journal of Neuroscience (publishedVersion, public-domain)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH093431)
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (F32NS073212)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory Processes and Influences
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Cognitive Functions and Memory
- Keywords
- medial temporal lobe, episodic memory, episodic future thinking, narrative construction, amnesia, hippocampus, mental imagery, binding processes, picture stories
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Amnesia, Hypoxia, Brain, Encephalitis, Female, Humans, Imagination, Male, Middle Aged, Neuropsychological Tests, Mental Recall, Temporal Lobe
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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