Working memory and fluid intelligence: Capacity, attention control, and secondary memory retrieval
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Several theories have been put forth to explain the relation between working memory (WM) and gF. Unfortunately, no single factor has been shown to fully account for the relation between these two important constructs. In the current study we tested whether multiple factors (capacity, attention control, and secondary memory) would collectively account for the relation. A large number of participants performed multiple measures of each construct and latent variable analyses were used to examine the data. The results demonstrated that capacity, attention control, and secondary memory were uniquely related to WM storage, WM processing, and gF. Importantly, the three factors completely accounted for the relation between WM (both processing and storage) and gF. Thus, although storage and processing make independent contributions to gF, both of these contributions are accounted for by variation in capacity, attention control and secondary memory. These results are consistent with the multifaceted view of WM, suggesting that individual differences in capacity, attention control, and secondary memory jointly account for individual differences in WM and its relation with gF.
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Primary memory, secondary memory, and attention control were each required to fully mediate the link between working memory capacity and fluid intelligence, according to Unsworth et al. (2014).
“Unsworth et al. (2014) demonstrated that all three sources of variance (primary memory, secondary memory, attention control) were necessary to fully mediate the relationship between working memory capacity and fluid intelligence.”
From Working Memory Training Does Not Improve Performance on Measures of Intelligence or Other Measures of “Far Transfer” (2016) · cites this paper as Unsworth et al., 2014
VWM capacity correlates with visual attention and fluid intelligence.
“VWM capacity is known to correlate with some important aspects of human cognition, such as visual attention and fluid intelligence51.”
From Emotion-related impulsivity moderates the cognitive interference effect of smartphone availability on working memory (2019) · cites this paper as [51]
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Syed, M., Lum, J. A. G., Byrne, L. K., & Skvarc, D. (2024) · Journal of Intelligence · doi:10.3390/jintelligence12110114 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
“Repeated practice with such tasks is assumed to influence WM capacity and general cognitive abilities (Unsworth et al. 2014; Redick and Engle 2011; Dahlin 2011).”
- Authors
- Unsworth, N., Fukuda, K., Awh, E., & Vogel, E. K.
- Affiliations
- Vanderbilt University (US)
- University of Oregon (US)
- Venue
- Cognitive Psychology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2014-06
- Volume
- 71
- Pages
- 1-26
- ISSN
- 0010-0285 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4484859
- OpenAlex
- W2100431648
- Cited by
- 528
- References
- 102
- Citations by year
- 2026: 28 · 2025: 34 · 2024: 42 · 2023: 36 · 2022: 52 · 2021: 50 · 2020: 47 · 2019: 51 · 2018: 52 · 2017: 53 · 2016: 39 · 2015: 29 · 2014: 14
- FWCI
- 62.43
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Cognitive Psychology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH087214)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Cognitive Abilities and Testing
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Cognitive and developmental aspects of mathematical skills
- Keywords
- working memory, fluid intelligence, working memory capacity, attentional control, individual differences
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Attention, Female, Humans, Individuality, Intelligence, Male, Memory, Short-Term, Models, Psychological, Neuropsychological Tests, Photic Stimulation, Mental Recall, Young Adult
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