Experience sampling and ecological momentary assessment studies in psychopharmacology: A systematic review
Abstract
Experience sampling methods (ESM) and ecological momentary assessment (EMA) offer insight into daily life experiences, including symptoms of mental disorders. The application of ESM/EMA in psychopharmacology can be a valuable addition to more traditional measures such as retrospective self-report questionnaires because they may help reveal the impact of psychotropic medication on patients' actual experiences. In this paper we systematically review the existing literature on the use of ESM/EMA in psychopharmacology research. To this end, we searched the PsycInfo and Medline databases for all available ESM/EMA studies on the use of psychotropic medication in patients with DSM-III-R and DSM-IV disorders. Dissertations were excluded. We included 18 studies that applied ESM/EMA to study the effects of medication on patients with major depressive disorder, substance use disorder, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, psychotic disorder, and anxiety disorder. We found that ESM/EMA may allow researchers and clinicians to track patients during different phases of treatment: before treatment to predict outcome, during treatment to examine the effects of treatment on symptoms and different aspects of daily life experience, and after treatment to detect vulnerability for relapse. Moreover, ESM/EMA can potentially help determine how long and in what contexts medications are effective. Thus, ESM/EMA may benefit both researchers and clinicians and might prove to be an effective tool for improving the treatment of psychiatric patients.
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The adherence rates and overall response rate (≈87% for all possible cognitive assessments) are in keeping with previous compliance rates (50%-90%) reported in high-frequency assessments in psychopharmacology.
“These adherence rates, as well as the overall rate of responding to high-frequency assessments in the current study (≈87% for all possible cognitive assessments), are in keeping with previous compliance rates reported in high-frequency assessments in psychopharmacology, around 50% to 90% [45].”
From Wearable technology for high-frequency cognitive and mood assessment in major depressive disorder: longitudinal observational study (2019) · cites this paper as [45]
This study was significantly longer in duration than most previous high-frequency assessment studies, spanning 6 weeks rather than the typical 1- to 2-week duration, and the daily frequency of assessment was lower, with most other studies typically sampling 5 to 10 times per day.
“However, it is notable that although this study was significantly longer in duration than most previous high-frequency assessment studies, spanning 6 weeks rather than the typical 1- to 2-week duration, the daily frequency of assessment was lower, with most other studies typically sampling 5 to 10 times per day [45].”
From Wearable technology for high-frequency cognitive and mood assessment in major depressive disorder: longitudinal observational study (2019) · cites this paper as [45]
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- Authors
- Bos, F. M., Schoevers, R. A., & aan het Rot, M.
- Affiliations
- University of Groningen (NL)
- University Medical Center Groningen (NL)
- Corresponding author
- Bos, Fionneke M.
- Venue
- European Neuropsychopharmacology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2015-11
- Volume
- 25
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 1853-1864
- ISSN
- 0924-977X (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1577557314
- Cited by
- 81
- References
- 57
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 8
- FWCI
- 0.86
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- European Neuropsychopharmacology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology) (publishedVersion)
- University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Mental Health Research Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Digital Mental Health Interventions
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Keywords
- ecological momentary assessment, psychotropic drugs, major depressive disorder, substance use disorders, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, psychosis, anxiety disorders, recurrence prediction, treatment outcome monitoring, psychiatric treatment
- MeSH terms
- Mental Disorders, Humans, Psychological Tests, Psychopharmacology, Psychotropic Drugs, Precision Medicine
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