Systemic adaptation to oxidative challenge induced by regular exercise
Abstract
Exercise is associated with increased ATP need and an enhanced aerobic and/or anaerobic metabolism, which results in an increased formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Regular exercise seems to decrease the incidence of a wide range of ROS-associated diseases, including heart disease, type II diabetes, rheumatic arthritis, Alzheimer and Parkinson diseases, and certain cancers. The preventive effect of regular exercise, at least in part, is due to oxidative stress-induced adaptation. The oxidative challenge-related adaptive process of exercise is probably not just dependent upon the generated level of ROS but primarily on the increase in antioxidant and housekeeping enzyme activities, which involves the oxidative damage repair enzymes. Therefore, the effects of exercise resemble the characteristics of hormesis. In addition, it seems that the oxidative challenge-related effects of exercise are systemic. Skeletal muscle, liver, and brain have very different metabolic rates and functions during exercise, but the adaptive response is very similar: increased antioxidant/damage repair enzyme activity, lower oxidative damage, and increased resistance to oxidative stress, due to the changes in redox homeostasis. Hence, it is highly possible that the well-known beneficial effects of exercise are due to the capability of exercise to produce increased levels of ROS. Or in other words, it seems that the vulnerability of the body to oxidative stress and diseases is significantly enhanced in a sedentary compared to a physically active lifestyle.
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Moderate-intensity activities done for durations of less than 1 min might not be long enough to induce pronounced changes to the coronary vasculature when compared with longer bouts.
“Moderate-intensity activities done for durations of less than 1 min might not be long enough to induce pronounced changes to the coronary vasculature when compared with longer bouts.28,29”
The levels of reactive oxygen species produced during moderate exercise bring about beneficial adaptations in a number of cell types.
“and the levels produced during moderate exercise have been proven to bring about beneficial adaptations in a number of cell types (Ji et al. 2006; Powers and Jackson 2008; Radak et al. 2008).”
From Is immunosenescence influenced by our lifetime “dose” of exercise? (2016) · cites this paper as Radak et al. 2008
Optimal reactive oxygen species production is critical for cell function, especially immune cells.
“Optimal reactive oxygen species production is critical for cell function, especially immune cells”
From Is immunosenescence influenced by our lifetime “dose” of exercise? (2016) · cites this paper as Radak et al. 2008
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ResultHigh intensity interval training and molecular adaptive response of skeletal muscle
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Endurance exercise is protective for mice with mitochondrial myopathy
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- Authors
- Radak, Z., Chung, H. Y., & Goto, S.
- Affiliations
- Semmelweis University (HU)
- Pusan National University (KR)
- Toho University (JP)
- Corresponding author
- Radak, Zsolt
- Venue
- Free Radical Biology and Medicine
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2008-01
- Volume
- 44
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 153-159
- ISSN
- 0891-5849 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2076515148
- Cited by
- 623
- References
- 86
- Citations by year
- 2026: 21 · 2025: 19 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 66 · 2021: 30 · 2020: 29 · 2019: 31 · 2018: 39 · 2017: 39 · 2016: 35 · 2015: 40 · 2014: 43 · 2013: 50 · 2012: 43
- FWCI
- 3.20
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Free Radical Biology and Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Hungarian Science Foundation
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Rehabilitation › Exercise and Physiological Responses
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Biochemistry › Antioxidant Activity and Oxidative Stress
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Redox biology and oxidative stress
- Keywords
- physical activity, oxidative stress, reactive oxygen species, hormesis, antioxidant enzymes, redox homeostasis, oxidative damage repair, exercise adaptation, sedentary lifestyle, disease prevention, skeletal muscle, liver, brain
- MeSH terms
- Adaptation, Physiological, Animals, Brain, Humans, Liver, Models, Biological, Periodicity, Physical Conditioning, Animal, Exercise, Oxidative Stress, Muscle, Skeletal
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