Exercise primes a molecular memory for brain-derived neurotrophic factor protein induction in the rat hippocampus
Abstract
Exercise is an important facet of behavior that enhances brain health and function. Increased expression of the plasticity molecule brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) as a response to exercise may be a central factor in exercise-derived benefits to brain function. In rodents, daily wheel-running exercise increases BDNF gene and protein levels in the hippocampus. However, in humans, exercise patterns are generally less rigorous, and rarely follow a daily consistency. The benefit to the brain of intermittent exercise is unknown, and the duration that exercise benefits endure after exercise has ended is unexplored. In this study, BDNF protein expression was used as an index of the hippocampal response to exercise. Both daily exercise and alternating days of exercise increased BDNF protein, and levels progressively increased with longer running duration, even after 3 months of daily exercise. Exercise on alternating days was as effective as daily exercise, even though exercise took place only on half as many days as in the daily regimen. In addition, BDNF protein remained elevated for several days after exercise ceased. Further, after prior exercise experience, a brief second exercise re-exposure insufficient to cause a BDNF change in naïve animals, rapidly reinduced BDNF protein to levels normally requiring several weeks of exercise for induction. The protein reinduction occurred with an intervening "rest" period as long as 2 weeks. The rapid reinduction of BDNF by an exercise stimulation protocol that is normally subthreshold in naïve animals suggests that exercise primes a molecular memory for BDNF induction. These findings are clinically important because they provide guidelines for optimizing the design of exercise and rehabilitation programs, in order to promote hippocampal function.
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Voluntary wheel running has been shown to increase BDNF and NGF mRNA and protein levels in the hippocampus of rats, with the elevated BDNF levels persisting for several days after cessation of exercise.
“For example, voluntary wheel running has been shown to increase BDNF and NGF mRNA and protein levels in the hippocampus of rats, with the elevated BDNF levels persisting for several days after cessation of exercise 39.”
From Resilience in mental health: linking psychological and neurobiological perspectives. (2013) · cites this paper as [39]
Physical exercise increases synaptic proteins, glutamate receptors, BDNF availability, and IGF-1, which can enhance neural plasticity.
“Physical exercise increases levels of synaptic proteins (Vaynman, Ying, Yin, & Gomez-Pinilla, 2006), glutamate receptors (Farmer et al., 2004) and the availability of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) (Berchtold, Chinn, Chou, Kesslak, & Cotman, 2005) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (Trejo, Carro, & Torres-Aleman, 2001), all of which can enhance neural plasticity.”
From The influences of environmental enrichment, cognitive enhancement, and physical exercise on brain development: Can we alter the developmental trajectory of ADHD? (2011) · cites this paper as Berchtold, Chinn, Chou, Kesslak, & Cotman, 2005
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- Authors
- Berchtold, N. C., Chinn, G., Chou, M., Kesslak, J. P., & Cotman, C. W.
- Affiliations
- University of California, Irvine (US)
- Venue
- Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2005-01
- Volume
- 133
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 853-861
- ISSN
- 0306-4522 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2160392194
- Cited by
- 471
- References
- 47
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 22 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 17 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 23 · 2019: 29 · 2018: 28 · 2017: 32 · 2016: 37 · 2015: 34 · 2014: 30 · 2013: 26 · 2012: 23
- FWCI
- 5.91
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Aging (R01 AG13411, R01AG013411)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Nerve injury and regeneration
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Developmental Neuroscience › Neurogenesis and neuroplasticity mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Keywords
- physical activity, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, hippocampus, wheel running, intermittent exercise, molecular memory, exercise training duration, exercise frequency, hippocampal plasticity, exercise rehabilitation
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Physical Exertion, Hippocampus, Male, Neuronal Plasticity, Physical Conditioning, Animal, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor, Rats
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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