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Cited by 1,020Exercise and Physiological ResponsesCardiovascular and exercise physiologyAntioxidant Activity and Oxidative Stress

Moderate exercise is an antioxidant: Upregulation of antioxidant genes by training

Gomez-Cabrera, Mari-Carmen, Domenech, Elena, Viña, Jose·2008·Free Radical Biology and Medicine
DOI 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2007.02.001
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Abstract

Exercise causes oxidative stress only when exhaustive. Strenuous exercise causes oxidation of glutathione, release of cytosolic enzymes, and other signs of cell damage. However, there is increasing evidence that reactive oxygen species (ROS) not only are toxic but also play an important role in cell signaling and in the regulation of gene expression. Xanthine oxidase is involved in the generation of superoxide associated with exhaustive exercise. Allopurinol (an inhibitor of this enzyme) prevents muscle damage after exhaustive exercise, but also modifies cell signaling pathways associated with both moderate and exhaustive exercise in rats and humans. In gastrocnemius muscle from rats, exercise caused an activation of MAP kinases. This in turn activated the NF-kappaB pathway and consequently the expression of important enzymes associated with defense against ROS (superoxide dismutase) and adaptation to exercise (eNOS and iNOS). All these changes were abolished when ROS production was prevented by allopurinol. Thus ROS act as signals in exercise because decreasing their formation prevents activation of important signaling pathways that cause useful adaptations in cells. Because these signals result in an upregulation of powerful antioxidant enzymes, exercise itself can be considered an antioxidant. We have found that interfering with free radical metabolism with antioxidants may hamper useful adaptations to training.

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Crossref · 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2007.02.001

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  • Exercise is an efficient strategy for delaying aging through mechanisms such as DNA damage and oxidative stress.

    “Exercise is an efficient strategy for delaying aging330 through various mechanisms, such as DNA damage331 and oxidative stress.332”

    From Inflammation and aging: signaling pathways and intervention therapies (2023) · cites this paper as [332]

  • Structured exercise interventions consisting of endurance training and increasing levels of habitual physical activity have been shown to promote DNA repair pathways as well as resistance to ROS and telomere erosion.

    “Notably, structured exercise interventions consisting of endurance training and increasing levels of habitual physical activity have been shown to promote DNA repair pathways as well as resistance to ROS and telomere erosion (Brett et al., 2020; Gomez-Cabrera et al., 2008; Puterman et al., 2010; Radák et al., 2002).”

    From Skeletal muscle aging, cellular senescence, and senotherapeutics: current knowledge and future directions (2021) · cites this paper as Gomez-Cabrera et al., 2008

  • Regular physical activity can act as an anti-oxidant.

    “research has shown that regular physical activity can act as an anti-oxidant (Gomez-Cabrera et al. 2008)”

    From Energy Management of People in Organizations: A Review and Research Agenda (2011) · cites this paper as Gomez-Cabrera et al. 2008

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Authors
Gomez-Cabrera, M.-C., Domenech, E., & Viña, J.
Venue
Free Radical Biology and Medicine
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2008-01
Volume
44
Issue
2
Pages
126-131
ISSN
0891-5849 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2007.02.001
OpenAlex
W2076135478
Cited by
1,020
References
55
Citations by year
2026: 44 · 2025: 40 · 2024: 49 · 2023: 46 · 2022: 48 · 2021: 66 · 2020: 56 · 2019: 63 · 2018: 57 · 2017: 45 · 2016: 60 · 2015: 78 · 2014: 72 · 2013: 65 · 2012: 62
FWCI
43.27
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
Locations
  • Free Radical Biology and Medicine (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Rehabilitation › Exercise and Physiological Responses
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Biochemistry › Antioxidant Activity and Oxidative Stress
Keywords
moderate-intensity exercise, antioxidant enzymes, reactive oxygen species, exercise-induced oxidative stress, exhaustive exercise, xanthine oxidase, allopurinol, MAPK signaling, NF-κB signaling, superoxide dismutase, endothelial nitric oxide synthase, inducible nitric oxide synthase, gastrocnemius, exercise adaptation, free radical metabolism
MeSH terms
Adaptation, Physiological, Animals, Antioxidants, Free Radicals, Humans, Models, Biological, Physical Conditioning, Animal, Exercise, Up-Regulation, Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic, Muscle, Skeletal

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