The load of short telomeres is increased and associated with lifetime number of depressive episodes in bipolar II disorder
Abstract
Background It has recently been hypothesized that bipolar disorders are associated with accelerated aging. Telomere dysfunction, a biomarker of aging, is determined by the load of short telomeres, rather than by the mean telomere length. To our knowledge, the load of short telomeres has not been reported in any psychiatric disorder. The aims of the study were to examine the load of short telomeres and the mean telomere length and their relationships with illness duration and lifetime number of depressive episodes in bipolar II disorder (BD-II).Methods Twenty-eight patients (mean age=34.8 ± 7.7) with a DSM-IV diagnosis of BD-II and 28 healthy control subjects (mean age=34.8 ± 9.2) matched for age, sex, and education participated. The load of short telomeres (percentage of telomeres <3 kilobases) and mean telomere length in peripheral blood mononuclear cells were measured using high-throughput quantitative fluorescence in situ hybridization.Results The load of short telomeres was significantly increased in patients with BD-II relative to healthy controls and may represent 13 years of accelerated aging. The load of short telomeres and the mean telomere length were associated with lifetime number of depressive episodes, but not with illness duration.Limitations Modest sample size and cross-sectional design.Conclusions Our results suggest that BD-II is associated with an increased load of short telomeres. Depressive episode-related stress may accelerate telomere shortening and aging. However, longitudinal studies are needed to fully clarify telomere shortening and its relationship with clinical variables in BD-II.
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Elvsåshagen et al. found that the total lifetime number of depressive episodes (corrected for age), but not hypomanic episodes, was significantly correlated with the percentage of telomeres shorter than 3,000 bp.
“Elvsåshagen et al found that the total lifetime number of depressive episodes (corrected for age), but not hypomanic episodes, was significantly correlated with the percentage of telomeres shorter than 3,000 bp (by two tailed criteria), consistent with a “dose-response” relationship with depression (Elvsashagen et al., 2011).”
From Psychiatric disorders and leukocyte telomere length: Underlying mechanisms linking mental illness with cellular aging (2015) · cites this paper as Elvsashagen et al., 2011
Elvsåshagen et al. (2011) found the percentage of telomeres shorter than 3,000 bp was increased in BD type II subjects (p=0.04) and a trend for shortened absolute LTL in BD type II subjects (p=0.08), although those tests were one-tailed.
“Elvsåshagen and colleagues (Elvsashagen et al., 2011) found the percentage of telomeres shorter than 3,000 bp (“short telomeres”) was increased in BD type II subjects (p= 0.04) and a trend for shortened absolute LTL in the BD type II subjects (p=0.08), although those statistical tests were one-tailed and would not be considered statistically significant by two-tailed criteria.”
From Psychiatric disorders and leukocyte telomere length: Underlying mechanisms linking mental illness with cellular aging (2015) · cites this paper as Elvsashagen et al., 2011
The different results in the Elvsåshagen et al. (2011) and Martinsson et al. (2013) studies might be explained by lithium treatment.
“The different results in the Elvsåshagen et al. (2011) and Martinsson et al. (2013) studies might, therefore, be explained by lithium treatment.”
From Psychiatric disorders and leukocyte telomere length: Underlying mechanisms linking mental illness with cellular aging (2015) · cites this paper as Elvsåshagen et al. (2011)
Two studies in MDD and one in BD type II found no significant difference in LTL between those who were currently receiving psychoactive medication compared to those who were not.
“Two studies in MDD (Verhoeven et al., 2014a; Wikgren et al., 2012b) and one in BD type II (Elvsåshagen et al., 2011) found no significant difference in LTL between those who were currently receiving psychoactive medication compared to those who were not”
From Psychiatric disorders and leukocyte telomere length: Underlying mechanisms linking mental illness with cellular aging (2015) · cites this paper as Elvsåshagen et al., 2011
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- Authors
- Elvsåshagen, T., Vera, E., Bøen, E., Bratlie, J., Andreassen, O. A., Josefsen, D., Malt, U. F., Blasco, M. A., & Boye, B.
- Affiliations
- Oslo University Hospital (NO)
- Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (ES)
- Corresponding author
- Elvsåshagen, Torbjørn
- Venue
- Journal of Affective Disorders
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2011-12
- Volume
- 135
- Issue
- 1-3
- Pages
- 43-50
- ISSN
- 0165-0327 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2113143072
- Cited by
- 133
- References
- 62
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 18 · 2014: 21 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 10
- FWCI
- 8.97
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Affective Disorders (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Bipolar Disorder and Treatment
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Telomeres, Telomerase, and Senescence
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Disorders and Psychopathology
- Keywords
- bipolar II disorder, short telomeres, telomere length, telomere dysfunction, accelerated aging, depressive episodes, disease duration, peripheral blood mononuclear cells, aging biomarkers
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aging, Mental Disorders, Bipolar Disorder, Cross-Sectional Studies, Depression, Depressive Disorder, Female, Humans, Leukocytes, Mononuclear, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Time Factors, Case-Control Studies, Telomere, In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Telomere Shortening
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