Cited by 617Alzheimer's disease research and treatmentsDementia and Cognitive Impairment ResearchAmyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Research

Molecular genetics of early-onset Alzheimer’s disease revisited

Open access
Cacace, Rita, Sleegers, Kristel, Van Broeckhoven, Christine·2016·Alzheimer's & Dementia

Abstract

As the discovery of the Alzheimer's disease (AD) genes, APP, PSEN1, and PSEN2, in families with autosomal dominant early-onset AD (EOAD), gene discovery in familial EOAD came more or less to a standstill. Only 5% of EOAD patients are carrying a pathogenic mutation in one of the AD genes or a apolipoprotein E (APOE) risk allele ε4, most of EOAD patients remain unexplained. Here, we aimed at summarizing the current knowledge of EOAD genetics and its role in ongoing approaches to understand the biology of AD and disease symptomatology as well as developing new therapeutics. Next, we explored the possible molecular mechanisms that might underlie the missing genetic etiology of EOAD and discussed how the use of massive parallel sequencing technologies triggered novel gene discoveries. To conclude, we commented on the relevance of reinvestigating EOAD patients as a means to explore potential new avenues for translational research and therapeutic discoveries.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/j.jalz.2016.01.012

Cites

167 of 167 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • These rare mutations cause the aggregation of amyloid proteins, leading to the progression of early onset AD.

    “These rare mutations cause the aggregation of amyloid proteins, leading to the progression of early onset AD.”

    From Role of neuroinflammation in neurodegeneration development (2023) · cites this paper as [157]

    Section 3 (“The amyloid cascade”; page not supplied) says APP and presenilin mutations are predicted to alter amyloid-beta production, triggering aggregation and contributing to AD. The claim presents this proposed mechanism as an established cause of early-onset AD progression, whereas the paper says the amyloid cascade hypothesis has been both supported and questioned. (LLM, conf=0.84)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
  • Three genes, APP, PSEN1, and PSEN2, are responsible for early onset AD.

    “But it was until 1980s that three genes, including APP, PSEN1, and PSEN2, were found to be responsible for early onset AD.157”

    From Role of neuroinflammation in neurodegeneration development (2023) · cites this paper as [157]

    Section 2.1 identifies APP, PSEN1, and PSEN2 as causal early-onset AD genes, but the cited discovery papers in the References date their identification to 1991 and 1995, not the 1980s. Section 2.2 also says mutations in these genes explain only 5%–10% of early-onset AD patients, so they do not account for early-onset AD generally. Page numbers are unavailable for these passages. (LLM, conf=0.90)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
  • PSEN2 mutations are much rarer, with only around 30 mutations identified in ADAD families.

    “PSEN2 mutations are much rarer, with only around 30 mutations identified in ADAD families [2].”

    From Genetic architecture of Alzheimer's disease (2020) · cites this paper as [2]

  • A majority of ADAD families carry a pathogenic mutation in one of three genes: APP, PSEN1, or PSEN2.

    “A majority of ADAD families carry a pathogenic mutation in one of three genes: APP, presenilin 1 (PSEN1), or presenilin 2 (PSEN2) [2, 33].”

    From Genetic architecture of Alzheimer's disease (2020) · cites this paper as [2]

  • More than 50 highly penetrant mutations have been identified in APP.

    “To date, more than 50 highly penetrant mutations have been identified in APP [2].”

    From Genetic architecture of Alzheimer's disease (2020) · cites this paper as [2]

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Research works printed but not linked: 2

  1. Vardarajan BN, Zhang Y, Lee JH, Cheng R, Bohm C, Ghani M, et al. Coding mutations in SORL1 and Alzheimer disease. Ann Neurol 2015;77:215-27.
  2. Schneider LS, Mangialasche F, Andreasen N, Feldman H, Giacobini E, Jones R, et al. Clinical trials and late-stage drug devel- opment for Alzheimer's disease: an appraisal from 1984 to 2014. J Intern Med 2014;275:251-83.

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Cacace, R., Sleegers, K., & Van Broeckhoven, C.
Affiliations
  • University of Antwerp (BE)
  • Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases group Department of Molecular Genetics VIB Antwerp Belgium
Venue
Alzheimer's & Dementia
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2016-03-23
Volume
12
Issue
6
Pages
733-748
ISSN
  • 1552-5260 (ISSN-L)
  • 1552-5279
OpenAlex
W2306696647
Cited by
617
References
167
Citations by year
2026: 34 · 2025: 71 · 2024: 60 · 2023: 90 · 2022: 85 · 2021: 88 · 2020: 61 · 2019: 49 · 2018: 35 · 2017: 32 · 2016: 11
FWCI
4.97
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Alzheimer s & Dementia (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Research
Keywords
early-onset Alzheimer's disease, familial Alzheimer's disease
MeSH terms
Alzheimer Disease, Apolipoproteins E, Humans, Models, Molecular, Molecular Biology, Mutation, Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor, Presenilin-1, Presenilin-2

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review