Neurostructural abnormalities in pediatric anxiety disorders
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Functional neuroimaging studies have consistently demonstrated abnormalities in fear and threat processing systems in youth with anxiety disorders; however, the structural neuroanatomy of these systems in children and adolescents remains largely unknown. Using voxel-based morphometry (VBM), gray matter volumes were compared between 38 medication-free patients with anxiety disorders (generalized anxiety disorder; social phobia; separation anxiety disorder, mean age: 14.4±3 years) and 27 comparison subjects (mean age: 14.8±4 years). Compared to healthy subjects, youth with anxiety disorders had larger gray matter volumes in the dorsal anterior cingulate and had decreased gray matter volumes in the inferior frontal gyrus (ventrolateral prefrontal cortex), postcentral gyrus, and cuneus/precuneus. These data suggest the presence of structural differences in regions previously implicated in the processing and regulation of fear in pediatric patients with anxiety disorders.
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There is some evidence of similar structural abnormalities in ventral portions of the prefrontal cortex and the uncinate fasciculus for anxious youth.
“While the number of studies examining structural changes in anxious vs. non-anxious adolescents is low, there is some evidence of similar structural abnormalities in ventral portions of the prefrontal cortex and the uncinate fasciculus for anxious youth29–34.”
From Multimodal evidence for delayed threat extinction learning in adolescence and young adulthood (2019) · cites this paper as [30]
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Strawn, J. R., Hamm, L., Fitzgerald, D. A., Fitzgerald, K. D., Monk, C. S., & Phan, K. L.
- Affiliations
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center (US)
- University of Illinois Chicago (US)
- University of Michigan (US)
- Corresponding author
- Strawn, Jeffrey R.
- Venue
- Journal of Anxiety Disorders
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2015-05
- Volume
- 32
- Pages
- 81-88
- ISSN
- 0887-6185 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4439332
- OpenAlex
- W1998041153
- Cited by
- 81
- References
- 70
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 1
- FWCI
- 11.04
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Journal of Anxiety Disorders (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5k23mh106037-04)
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH086517, K23-MH106037)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Keywords
- childhood anxiety disorders, gray matter volume, fear processing, threat processing, generalized anxiety disorder, social anxiety disorder, separation anxiety disorder, dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, ventrolateral prefrontal cortex, precuneus, postcentral gyrus, children and adolescents
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Anxiety Disorders, Child, Fear, Female, Frontal Lobe, Gyrus Cinguli, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Organ Size, Phobic Disorders, Cohort Studies, Case-Control Studies, Prefrontal Cortex, Gray Matter
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