Cited by 1,349Personality Traits and PsychologyPersonality Disorders and PsychopathologyPsychological Testing and Assessment

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The NPI-16 as a short measure of narcissism.

Ames, Daniel R., Rose, Paul, Anderson, Cameron P.·2006·Journal of Research in Personality

DOI 10.1016/j.jrp.2005.03.002

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“The Inventory was reorganized in a shorter format (NPI-16) in 2006 by Ames et al. In 2009, the Inventory was transformed into Turkish, and its validity and reliability test was performed by Salim Atay (2009). In the first study performed after the pilot study, Cronbach’s Alpha coefficient was found by Atay as 0.”
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“Narcissistic Personality Inventory or NPI-16 (Ames et al., 2006) The 16-items scale of narcissism originally had 40 items.”
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BackgroundMethod
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“Narcissistic Personality Inventory-16 (NPI-16) The NPI16 (Ames et al., 2006; Persian version, Mohammadzadeh, 2010) is a 16-item pairs questionnaire designed to measure narcissistic personality traits that were developed as a brief measure of the 40-item NPI measure (Raskin & Terry, 1988).”
Background
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“It uses a sample of 301 fully employed, college-educated respondents who were asked to describe the CEO of their organization using the short form Narcissistic Personality Inventory (Ames et al., 2006).”
Pathological narcissism and inceldom: can the application of treatment principles for PN help reduce the rise of incel-related incidents?
Akdag, A., & Blakey, R. (2025) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1513719 · Cited by 7
Narcissism and mindfulness: A preregistered systematic review and three-level meta-analysis
Ganster, F. M., Schwartz, K., Voracek, M., & Tran, U. S. (2025) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2025.113299 · Cited by 8
Comparing Likert and Slider Response Formats in Clinical Assessment: Evidence From Measuring Depression Symptoms Using CES-D 8
Zhang, G., Fairchild, A. J., Zhang, B., Shi, D., & Shi, D. (2025) · Assessment · doi:10.1177/10731911251329977 · Cited by 8
“NPI-16 : The NPI-16 (Ames et al., 2006) is a short measure of narcissism, comprising 16 paired items.”
Gaming Addiction in Adolescent Boys: The Interplay of Anger Expression, Narcissistic Personality and Social Interaction
Salahuddin, S., & Muazzam, A. (2019) · Clinical and Counselling Psychology Review · doi:10.32350/ccpr.12.01 · Cited by 5
“8 Personality Inventory-16 (Ames et al., 2006) in Urdu version (Zafar & Kausar, 2016).”
Method
Ambition: a deterrent to workplace deviance among narcissistic leaders
Davison, H. K., Braddy, P. W., Meriac, J. P., Gigliotti, R., Detwiler, D. J., & Bing, M. N. (2022) · Leadership & Organization Development Journal · doi:10.1108/lodj-03-2021-0137 · Cited by 5
Cross-cultural validity of the psycho-social aspects of Facebook Use (PSAFU) scale
Jovanović, T. S., Bodroža, B., Orchard, L. J., Fullwood, C., Kermani, H., Casale, S., Fioravanti, G., Buljan, I., & Hren, D. (2022) · Psihologija · doi:10.2298/psi210702013j · Cited by 5
“…upitnici su bili PSAFU skala (Bodroža & Jovanović, 2016), Inventar Velikih Pet (BFI; John et al., 1991), Inventar Narcisoidne Ličnosti 16 (NPI-16; Ames et al., 2006), socio-demografska pitanja, kao i pitanja o korišćenju FB (npr. vreme provedeno na FB u toku dana, učestalost postavljanja…”
BackgroundMethodInfluential
A Comparative Study on the Extraction of Dependency Links Between Different Personality Traits
Ellouze, M., Mechti, S., & Belguith, L. H. (2022) · SN Computer Science · doi:10.1007/s42979-022-01389-2 · Cited by 5
“This work looks for linguistic markers used by narcissistic people [4].”
Background
Testing anxiety's effect on movement planning and correction: Online upper-limb corrections are not completely automatic
Lawrence, G. P., Owen, R., Gottwald, V. M., & Khan, M. A. (2022) · Human Movement Science · doi:10.1016/j.humov.2022.103022 · Cited by 5
“These assessed: state self-efficacy (Bertrams, Englert, & Dickh ¨ auser, 2010), trait narcissism (Ames, Rose, & Anderson, 2006), trait cognitive anxiety (Smith, Smoll, Cumming, & Grossbard, 2006), trait self-control strength (Tangney, Baumeister, & Boone, 2004), and trait self-control depletion…”
Are narcissists more creative? Only if we believe it: How narcissism can relate to creativity
Ji, Y., Liu, H., Liu, S., Xu, M., & Lin, Z. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1091770 · Cited by 6
“Employee narcissism was measured by NPI-16 (Ames et al., 2006).”
MethodInfluential
It's Not Always Black and White—Identifying Characteristics of Managers Who Perceive and Use Ambiguity in Accounting to Their Advantage
Chambers, V. A., Reckers, P. M. J., & Whitecotton, S. M. (2023) · Behavioral Research in Accounting · doi:10.2308/bria-2021-031 · Cited by 6
Self‐other agreement and criterion‐related validity of moral pride and hubris
Bai, F., Lin, K. J., & Zhang, J. J. (2023) · Journal of Personality · doi:10.1111/jopy.12859 · Cited by 6
The effectiveness of an instagram intervention targeted at men to reduce body dissatisfaction
Stiff, C., & Cutts, M. (2023) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-023-05060-8 · Cited by 9
“To measure narcissism, the Narcissism Personality Inventory 16-item version (NPI-16) was used (Ames et al., 2006).”
Selfie Syndrome: A Study of Selfitis and Narcissism Among Young Adults
Puthiyakath, H. H., Anjali, R., Angel, S., & Goswami, M. P. (2024) · Journal of Creative Communications · doi:10.1177/09732586231223603 · Cited by 5
Neural rhythms of narcissism: Facets of narcissism are associated with different neural sources in resting‐state EEG
Leota, J., Faulkner, P., Mazidi, S., Simpson, D., & Nash, K. A. (2024) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1111/ejn.16479 · Cited by 5
“As part of the university ’ s psychology department mass testing procedure, participants completed a number of personality questionnaires, including the 16-item forced choice NPI (e.g., 1 = yes; 2 = no; Ames et al., 2006; a full list of measures is available upon request).”
Dark Triad Traits and Accounting: An Operating, Reporting, and Assurance Framework
Buchanan, J. L., Griffith, E. E., Lambert, T. A., & Perreault, S. J. (2024) · Auditing A Journal of Practice & Theory · doi:10.2308/ajpt-2022-139 · Cited by 5
Narcissism in the context of the psychological health of adolescents
Popov, S., & Sekulic-Bartos, O. (2016) · Psiholoska istrazivanja · doi:10.5937/psistra1602147p · Cited by 5
Narcissism and Aggression in Counselor Candidates: A Challenge for Counselor Education in Indonesia
Purwoko, B., & Fitriyah, F. K. (2017) · International Conference for Science Educators and Teachers (ICSET) · doi:10.2991/icset-17.2017.38 · Cited by 5
“The study aimed (1) to discover the phenomena of narcissistic and aggression in counselor candidates, and (2) to find the correlations between narcissism and aggression problems in counselor candidates.”
Background
Empati ile Narsizim Arasındaki İlişkide Bencilliğin Aracı Rolü
Yılmaz, H. (2020) · Pamukkale University Journal of Education · doi:10.9779/pauefd.526742 · Cited by 5
NARSİSİZM VE ÇELİŞİK DUYGULU CİNSİYETÇİLİK: CİNSİYET BAĞLAMINDA BİR İNCELEME
Cengiz, A. A. (2020) · Pamukkale University Journal of Social Sciences Institute · doi:10.30794/pausbed.683620 · Cited by 5
Narcissistic individuals exhibit poor recognition memory
Giacomin, M., Brinton, C. G., & Rule, N. O. (2021) · Journal of Personality · doi:10.1111/jopy.12690 · Cited by 5
Construct-Validating Humility: Perceptions of a Humble Doctor
Kim, S.-Y., & Parcell, E. S. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.882622 · Cited by 5
“, 1994), sincerity items from the Individualized Trust Scale (Wheeless and Grotz, 1977), narcissism items from NPI-16 (Ames et al., 2006), and self-consciousness items from the Self-Consciousness Scale (Fenigstein et al.”
Background
Towards an Understanding of the Dark Triad, Ethical Fading, and Ethicality of Behavior
Dill, A. T., Triki, A., & Westin, S. (2022) · Emerald Group Publishing Limited eBooks · doi:10.1108/s1475-148820220000025001 · Cited by 8

Authors: Ames, D. R., Rose, P., & Anderson, C. P.
Affiliations: Columbia University (US)
Union College (US)
New York University (US)
Corresponding author: Ames, Daniel R.
ORCID: Ames, Daniel R.
Anderson, Cameron P.
Venue: Journal of Research in Personality
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2006-08
Volume: 40
Issue: 4
Pages: 440-450
ISSN: 0092-6566 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2005.03.002
OpenAlex: W2072616714
Cited by: 1,349
References: 18
Citations by year: 2026: 58 · 2025: 79 · 2024: 94 · 2023: 122 · 2022: 119 · 2021: 109 · 2020: 106 · 2019: 93 · 2018: 99 · 2017: 77 · 2016: 90 · 2015: 61 · 2014: 74 · 2013: 56 · 2012: 33
FWCI: 4.24
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Journal of Research in Personality (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Traits and Psychology
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Disorders and Psychopathology
Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Psychological Testing and Assessment
Keywords: narcissism, Narcissistic Personality Inventory, personality assessment, self-enhancement, construct validity, respondent fatigue

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